[Case relationship is to be distinguished from case form. Every language has approximately the same case relationships, though they differ widely in their use of case forms. In order to study case from the semantic point of view, it is necessary to set up a list of all possible case relationships. Such a semantic analysis of case may be made with the help of a knowledge of the principles of general grammar gained through the study of many languages applied in conformity with the laws of thought. Cases may be divided into independent, adnominal, adpronominal, ad-adjectival, adverbal, adadverbal, appositive, and predicative, with many subdivisions under each head. Such a semantic analysis not only makes possible a complete treatment of the relations of nouns and pronouns, but also furnishes the best basis for a comparison of languages of widely differing type.]