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Hominin cognition: The null hypothesis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 January 2025

Duncan N. E. Stibbard-Hawkes Open the ORCID record for Duncan N. E. Stibbard-Hawkes [Opens in a new window]
Duncan N. E. Stibbard-Hawkes*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK duncan.stibbard-hawkes@durham.ac.uk
*
*Corresponding author.
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Abstract

The target article explores material culture datasets from three African forager groups. After demonstrating that these modern, contemporary human populations would leave scant evidence of symbolic behaviour or material complexity, it cautioned against using material culture as a barometer for human cognition in the deep past. Twenty-one commentaries broadly support or expand these conclusions. A minority offer targeted demurrals, highlighting (1) the soundness of reasoning from absence; and questioning (2) the “cognitively modern” null; (3) the role of hunter-gatherer ethnography; and (4) the pertinence of the inferential issues identified in the target article. In synthesising these discussions, this reply addresses all four points of demurral in turn, and concludes that there is much to be gained from shifting our null assumptions and reconsidering the probabilistic inferential links between past material culture and cognition.

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Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 48 , 2025 , e23
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press

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