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Chapter 79 - Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale (FNAES)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2025

Virginia Ramseyer Winter
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
Tracy L. Tylka
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
Antoinette M. Landor
Affiliation:
University of Missouri
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Summary

The 6-item Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale (FNAES; Lundgren et al., 2004) is a modification of Thomas et al.’s (1998) Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale and assesses respondents’ fear that their appearance will be negatively evaluated by others. The FNAES is distinct from other body image measures as it measures the fear associated with others’ potential negative judgements about one’s body, whereas body image and body dissatisfaction measures tend to measure one’s own judgements about one’s own body. The FNAES can be administered online or in-person to adolescents and adults and is free to use. This chapter first discusses the development of the FNAES and then provides evidence of its psychometrics. More specifically, the FNAES has a unidimensional factor structure within principal components and confirmatory factor analyses, and scores on the FNAES can be meaningfully compared across gender. Internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and incremental validity support the use of the FNAES. Next, this chapter provides the FNAES items in their entirety, instructions for administration and scoring, and the item response scale. A link to a French translation is included. Logistics of use, such as permissions, copyright, and contact information, are available for readers.

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References

Leary, M. R. (1983). A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 371375. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167283093007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lundgren, J. D., Anderson, D. A., & Thompson, J. K. (2004). Fear of negative appearance evaluation: Development and evaluation of a new construct for risk factor work in the field of eating disorders. Eating Behaviors, 5(1), 7584. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1471-0153(03)00055-2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maïano, C., Morin, A. J. S., Monthuy-Blanc, J., & Garbarino, J.-M. (2010). Construct validity of the Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale in a community sample of French adolescents. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26(1), 1927. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, C. M., Keery, H., Williams, R., & Thompson, J. K. (November, 1998). The Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale: Development and Preliminary Validation. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Washington, DC.Google Scholar

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