Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vfjqv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-29T08:40:57.026Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 2 - Clinical Assessment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 June 2019

Rob Butler
Affiliation:
Waitemata DHB and North Shore Hospital, Auckland
Cornelius Katona
Affiliation:
Helen Bamber Foundation
Get access

Summary

Old age psychiatry is general adult psychiatry adapted to later life, and has come into being chiefly because of the spectacular increase in the proportion of the population surviving to 65 and beyond. Many people have mental health problems for the first time in later life, partly because of vicissitudes such as bereavement and physical ill health, and partly because of pathological changes in the brain reflected in delirium and the dementias. In the 21 years since Professor Brice Pitt and I wrote the first edition of this chapter, most of the principles of good assessment are unchanged. Risk assessment has come to the fore and there is a new emphasis on measuring outcomes. The need for cultural competence is more widely recognised.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ng, B., Atkins, M. (2012) ‘Home assessment in old age psychiatry: A practical guide’. Adv Psychiatr Treat 18(6): 400–7. doi: 10.1192/apt.bp.110.008599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler, R., Sembhi, S., Abas, M. (2011) ‘Assessing Mental Health in Different Cultures’. In Principles and Practice of Geriatric Psychiatry, edited by Abou-Saleh, M., Katona, C., and Kumar, A.. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Hodkinson, M. (1973) ‘Mental impairment in the elderly’. J R Coll Physicians Lond 7(4): 305–17.Google ScholarPubMed
Folstein, M., Folstein, S., McHugh, P. (1975) ‘Mini-Mental State: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician’. J Psychiatr Res 12(3): 189–98.Google Scholar
Ewing, J. (1984) ‘Detecting alcoholism: The CAGE questionnaire’. JAMA 252(14): 1905–7.Google Scholar
Pennington, H., Butler, R., Eagger, S. (2000) ‘The assessment of patients with alcohol disorders by an old age psychiatric service’. Aging Ment Health 4(2): 182–4, https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860050008718.Google Scholar
Nasreddine, Z., Phillips, N., Bédirian, V., et al. (2005) ‘The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment’. J Am Geriatr Soc 53(4): 695–9. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x.Google Scholar
Royal College of Psychiatrists (2010) Royal College of Psychiatrists College Report CR 158: Self-harm, suicide and risk: Helping people who self-harm. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists.Google Scholar
Royal College of Psychiatrists (2016) Assessment and management of risk to others: A good practice guide. College Report 201, August, www.rcpsych.ac.uk/docs/default-source/members/supporting-you/managing-and-assessing-risk/assessmentandmanagementrisktoothers.pdf.Google Scholar
Dennis, M., Owens, D. (2012) ‘Editorial: Self-harm in older people: A clear need for specialist assessment and care’. Br J Psychiatry 200(5): 356–8. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.104109Google Scholar
Hemsley, S., McKnight, R., Anwar, A., et al. (2015) ‘New patient assessment in old age psychiatry: The importance of risk assessment’. BJPsych Bull 39(5): 227–32. doi: 10.1192/pb.bp.113.046342 PMCID: PMC4706191CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization (1993) The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Research. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, pp. 525.Google Scholar
Reilly, S., Challis, D., Burns, A., et al. (2004) ‘The use of assessment scales in Old Age Psychiatry Services in England and Northern Ireland’. Aging Ment Health 8(3): 249–55.Google Scholar
Burns, A., Lawlor, B., Craig, S. (2002) ‘Rating scales in old age psychiatry’. Br J Psychiatry 180(2): 161–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roth, M., Huppert, F., Tym, E., et al. (1988) CAMDEX: The Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hodges, J. R., Larner, A. J. (2017) ‘Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examinations: ACE, ACE-R, ACE-III, ACEapp, and M-ACE’. In Cognitive Screening Instruments, edited by Larner, A. J.. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.Google Scholar
Pattie, A., Gilleard, C. (1979) Manual of the Clifton Assessment Procedures for the Elderly (CAPE). Sevenoaks, UK: Hodder and Stoughton.Google Scholar
Ainslie, N., Murden, R. (1993) ‘Effect of education on the clock-drawing dementia screen in non-demented elderly persons’. J Am Geriatr Soc 41(3): 429–52.Google Scholar
Yesavage, J., Brink, T., Rose, T., et al. (1983) ‘Development and evaluation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report’. J Psychiatr Res 17(1): 3749.Google Scholar
Adshead, F., Day Code, D., Pitt, B. (1992) ‘BASDEC: A novel screening instrument for depression in elderly medical inpatients’. BMJ 305(6850): 397.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, M. (1960) ‘A rating scale for depression’. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 23(1): 5662.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Montgomery, S., Asberg, M. (1979) ‘A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change’. Br J Psychiatry 134(4): 382–9.Google Scholar
Katona, C., Aldridge, D. (1985) ‘The dexamethasone suppression test and depression signs in dementia’. J Affect Disorders 8: 83–9.Google Scholar
Copeland, J., Dewey, M., Griffiths-Jones, H. (1986) ‘Psychiatric case nomenclature and a computerised diagnostic system for elderly subjects: GMS and AGECAT’. Psychol Med 16(1): 8999.Google Scholar
Blessed, G., Tomlinson, B., Roth, M. (1968) ‘Association between quantitative measures of dementing and senile change in cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects’. Br J Psychiatry 114(512): 797811.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hachinski, V., Iliff, L., Zilkha, E., et al. (1975) ‘Cerebral blood flow in dementia’. Arch Neurol 32(9): 632–7.Google Scholar
Gurland, B., Golden, R., Teresi, J., et al. (1984) ‘The Short-CARE: An efficient instrument for the assessment of depression, dementia and disability’. J Gerontol 39(2): 166–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bucks, R. S., Ashworth, D. L., Wilcock, G. K., Siegfried, K. (1996) ‘Assessment of activities of daily living in dementia: Development of the Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale’. Age Ageing 25(2): 113–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Royal College of Psychiatrists (1999) Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Elderly People (HoNOS 65+). London: Royal College of Psychiatrists.Google Scholar
van Reenen, M. (2015) ‘EQ-5D-5L User Guide’ (PDF). EQ-5D. EuroQol Research Foundation, April, https://euroqol.org/eq-5d-instruments/.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×