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23 - Qesem Cave and the Acheulo-Yabrudian Cultural Complex of the Levant

from Part III: - Archaeology of Human Evolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2017

By
Avi Gopher  and
Ran Barkai
Edited by
Yehouda Enzel  and
Ofer Bar-Yosef
Yehouda Enzel
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Ofer Bar-Yosef
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
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Summary

Qesem Cave is a Middle Pleistocene, Acheulo-Yabrudian Cultural Complex site in Israel and well dated to MIS 11-7 (420-200 ka). The rich and well preserved lithic and faunal assemblages found in the cave provide evidence for a wealth of innovative behaviors, most likely practiced by a new hominin lineage. These include the habitual use of fire for dietary purposes, spatially differentiated activities around a central hearth, very early large-scale blade production technologies, a fully-fledged Quina technology and a large assemblage of Quina scrapers, systematic flint and bone recycling, social hunting strategies and unique meat butchering and sharing practices and more. The paleoenvironmental reconstruction indicates a mosaic of Mediterranean forest, shrubland, rocky areas, riverbanks and swamps. Human remains (teeth) indicate a post-erectus hominin showing similarity to later, local modern humans as well as to Neanderthals. This paper presents a summary of the research carried out in the cave in the last decade and offers a framework to explain the significant cultural and biological transformations that took shape in the post-Acheulian, Middle Pleistocene Levant.

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Quaternary of the Levant
Environments, Climate Change, and Humans
 , pp. 203 - 214
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

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