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33 - Ohalo II: A 23,000-Year-Old Fisher-Hunter-Gatherer's Camp on the Shore of Fluctuating Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee)

from Part III: - Archaeology of Human Evolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2017

Yehouda Enzel
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Ofer Bar-Yosef
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
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Summary

Ohalo II is a 23 ka fisher-hunter-gatherers' submerged camp located in the Sea of Galilee, Israel. It is unique due to excellent preservation of organic materials, particularly important for reconstructing diet, subsistence and camp life towards the end of the last ice age. The lakeshore camp covered an area of at least 2,000 m2 and the camp remains include six brush huts, several adjacent open-air hearths and a grave. In situ remains include charred seeds, fish, mammal and bird bones, flints, grinding stones, stone bowls, bone tools and beads. A human grave was found with the skeleton of a right-handed male. The food remains indicate a year-round occupation in brush huts constructed of local trees and with grass bedding on the floors. The earliest evidence ever of incipient cereal cultivation was inferred from the botanical remains, grinding stones and sickle blades.

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