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We are living in an increasingly polarized political world. Partisans routinely view members of opposing political parties as out-of-touch, stupid, crazy, or even evil. This book calls for the creation of a more collaborative democracy to bridge these divides. It does so by noting that modern democracy is based primarily on adversarial practices – we seek to solve political problems through debating, campaigning, and voting. Drawing on an 18-month study, Michael F. Mascolo shows how individuals with opposing beliefs were able to use the principles and practices of conflict resolution to address three contentious socio-political issues: school dress codes, capital punishment, and race relations involving the police. Their success illustrates how collaborative problem-solving can generate genuine, shared solutions to seemingly intractable problems, offering insights for scholars and practitioners seeking to reduce polarization and strengthen democratic life. An essential read for researchers, politicians, and policy makers interested in resolving political polarization.
Behind the front lines of the Second World War raged a different kind of battle. In secret camps across Britain, thousands of enemy spies, soldiers, and war criminals were interrogated in the effort to defeat Nazi Germany and the ideology that drove it. Drawing on extensive British archival sources, Artemis Photiadou uncovers the methods, motives, and moral tensions behind this vast machinery of questioning. Within it, officers, scientists, and linguists sought to extract military intelligence, as well as to grasp why individuals fought Hitler's war and, eventually, to assess their complicity in the regime's crimes. The resulting interactions expose the complexity of those who were questioned, the assumptions of their interrogators, and the ethical contradictions of a liberal state at war. This is a vivid account of how Britain attempted to comprehend the enemy it was fighting. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
This is the first study of Sergei Eisenstein's relationship to classical antiquity. Eisenstein regarded the cinema as a Gesamtkunstwerk and considered the ancient Greeks among its ancestors. He detected what he called “cinematism” in Homer, the Laocoon sculpture group, the Acropolis, and elsewhere. The book interprets Eisenstein's chief concept, montage, as a visual analogy to clever juxtapositions in Roman poetry and examines his conflicts with Stalin and the Communist Party over Bezhin Meadow and Ivan the Terrible alongside the classical rhetorical strategy of formidable speaking in the face of absolute power and the Russian practice of Aesopian language. Eisenstein also influenced the design of the New Acropolis Museum via an essay about the Acropolis' architectural promenade and his epic Alexander Nevsky. The cinematism of the Parthenon Frieze, American cinema architecture modeled on the Parthenon, and Eisenstein's image of the cinema as a temple reinforce his importance within the classical tradition.
During the first four centuries of the common era, scholars and theologians laid the ground work for Christian doctrines that have shaped the faith and practice of believers for two millenia. This was the formative period of Christianity when the major theological tenets of the faith were articulated. The writings of the earliest Christians continue to serve as a vital source of inspiration and guidance for Christians around the world. This Companion offers an overview of Christianity's foundational beliefs and practices. Providing an historiographical overview of the topic, it includes essays on the key thinkers and texts, as well as doctrines and practices that emerged during early Christian era. The volume covers the range of texts produced over four centuries and written by theologians hailing from throughout the Mediterranean world, including the Latin West, North Africa, and the Greek east. Written by an international team of scholars, this Companion serves an accessible introduction to the topic for students and scholars alike.
How do domestic socioeconomic conflicts and imperial legacies from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries continue to shape contemporary governance? This book offers a groundbreaking dual perspective on bureaucratic development. It challenges Max Weber's prediction of uniform bureaucratic rationalization by revealing that public administrations exhibit fundamental and lasting differences across advanced capitalist countries. This divergence originates in historical conflicts between social groups, producing outcomes that remain embedded in current institutions across various European countries and the United States. Moreover, using innovative research designs, including assessments of Poland and Romania's historical divisions based on rigorous spatial methods, Jan P. Vogler demonstrates that bureaucracies imposed by empires over a century ago still affect government efficiency, meritocracy, and state-citizen relations today. Beyond in-depth historical analyses, he provides key insights for policymakers: bureaucratic reforms that ignore historical legacies will likely fail, enabling readers to understand why bureaucracies differ so markedly across seemingly similar countries.
Offering a concise yet comprehensive overview, this textbook explains the fundamental concepts and frameworks that underpin the field of public health. Chapters define key terms and cover topics such as measuring health, technology, equity, leadership, health systems and reform. Real-world health issues, including COVID-19, obesity, HIV/AIDS and climate change, are used to make abstract ideas more easily digestible. Designed for students and professionals interested in public health, it includes learning objectives, illustrative examples, summaries of key takeaways, and comprehension and discussion questions to aid navigation and learning. An instructor manual and test bank are available as supplementary resources.
In Lucretius' De rerum natura, animals are fundamentally like humans and deserve to be treated accordingly. Animals also have much to teach us, including about how to treat each other and, indeed, (other) animals. That is not merely poetic imagery, but also scientific argument. Lucretius' analysis of animal nature is thoroughly integrated with his broader philosophical arguments and integral to many. Animals likewise serve as moral exemplars in his didactic programme and even as symbols of it. Positing a continuum of life, rather than a hierarchy of being, Lucretius thus offers a thorough, systematic challenge to the anthropocentric worldview exemplified by Plato, Aristotle and the Stoics. His position on animal intelligence and its ethical implications is an original contribution to the Epicurean tradition and a landmark in the history of ideas. It prefigures modern debates on subjects ranging from cognition and bioethics to ecology.
How do global firms confront the defining challenge of our era? Drawing from international business, political economy, and environmental policy, Jonas Gamso offers an integrated framework for understanding how multinational corporations manage physical, transition, liability, and reputational climate risks through strategies of adaptation, avoidance, transfer, diversification, and acceptance. Blending rigorous empirical analysis with detailed case studies of Ørsted, ExxonMobil, and Saudi Aramco, among others, he reveals how companies make strategic decisions amid accelerating climate impacts and shifting policy landscapes, while also illuminating the effects of public policy and international relations. The book provides essential insights for scholars of international relations, business, and development, as well as for policymakers and practitioners seeking to align economic competitiveness with global sustainability.
Interest in social networks – patterns of relations between social actors such as individuals, corporations, and countries – has grown in the last decade, and analysis of longitudinal network data has moved forward strongly. Social networks often change; understanding this process, where changes lead to other changes, requires tools that can uncover the rules driving these changes. In 'Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models for Longitudinal Networks,' Tom A. B. Snijders and Christian Steglich bring together the first comprehensive textbook on the Stochastic Actor-Oriented Model (SAOM), a leading method for analyzing dynamic network data. They present the diverse SAOM variants developed over the past three decades, covering the co-evolution of networks and actor attributes as well as the co-evolution of multiple one-mode and two-mode networks. Providing a foundation for applying the methods as well as advice for problems encountered in practice, this book offers a detailed guide into the best practices of modeling longitudinal network data.
Since the early 2000s, American courts and legislatures have delivered a series of generation-defining LGBTQ legal victories. Today, this progress and the very institutions that made it possible are under attack. A Queer Guide to Saving American Democracy is an introduction to this democratic crisis, speaking directly to the queer and transgender people navigating the intensifying political and cultural fault lines. It argues that the current denigration of queer and transgender lives in the US is a symptom of the broader degradation of American democracy, representing the newest threat of American fascism. By centering queer and trans identity in the larger history of authoritarianism, the book highlights the strategic villainization of nonconforming groups as a tool to consolidate power and political control. In response, this book empowers readers to adopt pro-democracy frameworks rooted in the defiant authenticity and stubborn joy of queer existence, forging pathways committed to transformative social change.
This revised and updated edition of the definitive history of the French Wars of Religion explains why they were fought and how peace was finally restored after two generations of fighting. Since the publication of the second edition in 2005, recent scholarship has challenged traditional ideas of how the wars started and has included new research on peace-making, memory studies, and the international dimensions of the conflict. Mack P. Holt offers a fresh narrative which incorporates these ideas, while continuing to make this complicated series of civil wars understandable and accessible to readers. Holt explores why France become divided by a civil war fought between both professional armies and civilians, why French elites believed that a simple policy of repression could succeed against the growth of Protestantism, and how peaceful coexistence between the two confessions was eventually established after nearly four decades of war. As a result, this study remains an essential introduction for both students and general readers.
Preferences are the point of departure for economic analysis. Despite myriad experiments designed to characterize preferences, no consensus has been reached. In The Evolutionary Foundation of Preferences, Arthur J. Robson and Larry Samuelson examine how economic preferences might be shaped by biological evolution. They theorize that each of us is descended from a line of ancestors who were able to survive and reproduce, and they analyze how this may have affected modern preferences. Drawing on demographic models, they explain how different preferences induce different behaviors which lead to different growth rates among respective subpopulations. People whose preferences induce the highest growth rate eventually comprise the overwhelming proportion of the population. Examining neuroscientific evidence that points to a cardinal, or hedonic, interpretation of utility, the authors discuss the implications of these interpretations and the challenges raised for welfare economics.
Regime transitions often raise expectations for sweeping policy change-yet those expectations are not always realized. Focusing on the mechanisms linking regime type and policy, Policy in Transition explains how, and under which conditions, policy changes are likely to occur after a regime transition. Whether policies change depends on how the transition reshapes the space for contestation and on the visibility of the policy in question. This finding argument is supported through an in-depth comparative historical analysis of the evolution of housing and financial policies across regime types changes in Argentina and Brazil since the 1960s. Drawing on extensive archival materials, public records, historical media, and interviews with key actors, the book studies policymaking across different authoritarian and democratic regimes providing nuanced insights into the relationship between political regimes and policy change.
Major depressive disorder is not a single, uniform condition. Different causes of depression produce distinct symptom patterns, creating discrete subtypes. The human capacity for mood variation evolved because it once offered adaptive benefits, but rapid cultural change has created a mismatch between ancestral and modern environments, making some traits that used to be beneficial maladaptive in contemporary environments. An evolutionary framework suggests that systemic inflammation, chronic stress, and gut dysbiosis can intensify symptoms and prolong adaptive mood states into maladaptive depression episodes.This book demonstrates that lifestyle interventions can be effective in both preventing and treating depression. After critically evaluating current treatments, Markus J. Rantala and Severi Luoto argue for individualized treatment approaches. They propose a new hypothesis for depression founded in evolutionary science. Written for researchers, clinicians, and informed readers, the book challenges how depression is currently diagnosed and treated.
No Neutral Ground examines the complexities of promoting democracy after civil wars, focusing on the role of domestic non-governmental organizations (NGOs). While peace and democracy promoting NGOs are expected to be impartial in their activities, in the aftermath of violence, citizens may distrust these organizations and perceive them as exclusionary, detracting from their effectiveness. The book explores how post-war polarization shapes the interactions among citizens, NGO leaders, and governments, influencing citizen attitudes toward democracy promotion. Each actor is shaped by the destabilizing effects of war, resulting in unintended consequences. Drawing on extensive original data collected through years of fieldwork in Côte d'Ivoire, encompassing interviews, participant observation, focus groups, surveys, experiments, and lab-in-the-field games, No Neutral Ground reassesses the theory and practice of post-conflict democratization and offers insights into whether and how wartime legacies might be overcome to achieve democracy.
Imagining Transitional Justice contends that reflective narratives encompass conceptualisations of the processes of (re)building lives and societies after war and genocide. It shows how narratives produced slowly in and through the arts and law construct meaning and operationalise the notions of truth, justice, healing and reconciliation in the wake of the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda and Yugoslav Wars. In doing so, this book contributes to the ongoing task of theorising transitional justice and establishing shared meanings of the core concepts of the field. The book analyses stories and encounters that imagine different futures through methods of 'law and literature'. Four case studies bring together creative narratives, such as a novel or film, and legal cases from the ICTY and ICTR. The book locates legal and creative narratives as part of knowledge production, reflecting on their critical potential in transitional justice.
The Classic Maya civilization (250–925 CE) in Mesoamerica innovated a hieroglyphic script that was written and read by people spread across hundreds of square kilometers and dozens of autonomous kingdoms over the course of more than a millennium. Yet, unlike other regions of the ancient world where writing was independently invented, the Maya area was never politically unified. In Religion, Writing, and the Shaping of the Classic Maya World, Mallory E. Matsumoto draws on hieroglyphic texts, imagery, and archaeological finds to reconstruct interactions through which the Classic Maya exchanged knowledge about their hieroglyphic script and how to use it. She argues that religion and ritual practice were central contexts for maintaining a coherent, mutually intelligible writing system in the absence of political centralization. The Classic Maya case challenges long-standing assumptions about the social forces underlying the origins of early writing. It also reveals religion's potential to shape human culture and technology. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Volume III focuses on the evolution of crusading beyond the Holy Land, the ways in which crusading impacted the people of Europe, and the cultural, political and religious legacies that were left behind. As a major cultural driver of the medieval age, it did much to shape religious thinking and practices, as well as influencing royal, knightly and civic ideology. Across twenty-one chapters, leading experts reveal the impact the Crusades had on women, Jews and emphasises the prominent presence of the Military Orders. Further essays show the rapid diversification of crusading to encompass enemies of the Catholic Church in Iberia, the Baltic and eastern Europe, the heretical Cathars, as well as the Ottoman Turks in the sixteenth century. It concludes with extensive coverage of the vast and diverse legacies of the Crusades, revealing the complexity and contemporary relevance of these contrasting memories in the West and the Muslim world.
Anaïs Nin in Context restores Nin as a central voice of twentieth-century literature. Best known for her diaries and erotica, Nin was also an experimental novelist, essayist, and cultural figure, whose work resonates with questions of sexuality, creativity, and identity. This volume assembles an international team of scholars to explore Nin's life and legacy across seven thematic sections: life and genres; interpersonal and artistic influences; subjectivity and the mind; gender and women's rights; geographical settings; sociocultural contexts; and reception. Together, the thirty-four essays situate Nin within artistic circles from Paris to New York, examine her engagement with feminism and psychoanalysis, and trace her enduring afterlife in film, graphic novels, and contemporary scholarship. Accessible yet rigorous, Anaïs Nin in Context will serve students, researchers, and readers eager to reassess Nin's contributions and understand her as a cosmopolitan writer, whose voice continues to speak to issues pertaining to the woman artist.