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This Handbook provides the first comprehensive examination of the legal strategies around the world shaping sustainability in global value chains. Bringing together leading scholars, it maps how diverse legal disciplines (including corporate law, labour law, tax law, tort law, private law, environmental law, international law and more) conceptualise and regulate the complex architectures of cross-border production. Through a unifying analytical framework, the book reveals how fragmented regulatory approaches can complement one another, and how legal tools may address the environmental, social, and economic challenges that global production networks create and sustain. Covering jurisdictions across the globe and engaging with emerging regulatory instruments such as due diligence laws, sustainability reporting obligations, climate transition plans, and international taxation initiatives, this Handbook offers an indispensable resource for academics, policymakers, practitioners, and students concerned with responsible business conduct and sustainable development. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Groups, and the ways in which they function, are of fundamental importance to human life. This engaging textbook offers a comprehensive introduction to group processes for students across the social sciences. Covering topics such as social influence, leadership, creativity, and intergroup relations, this book blends foundational work with up-to-date research to help students navigate the key theories and principles in a wide variety of contexts. Designed with teaching and learning in mind, each chapter features an outline, a chapter summary, review and discussion questions, and suggested multimedia and further reading resources. Recurring box features provide opportunities for deeper engagement with the issues raised. With an interdisciplinary focus throughout, this textbook is an ideal resource for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in psychology, as well as courses in business, communication, and related fields.
Building on its critical and optimistic approach, the fully revised second edition of this textbook utilizes international relations theory and coverage of key historical events to give students a comprehensive, unbiased understanding of international politics backed by up-to-date research. Broad in scope, the book covers topics ranging from leadership and warfare to terrorism and global environmental threats. New to this edition is in-depth coverage of the Russo-Ukraine War and the Israel, Palestine, and Middle East Wars, and up-to-date context is added throughout with the inclusion of issues such as the Covid-19 pandemic and Brexit. The text is enhanced by box features and 'Close Up' sections providing further information, and 'Critical Case Studies' highlighting complex historical and current affairs. Through the evaluation of past and contemporary real-world issues and institutions, this textbook provides students of political science and international relations with the tools they need to think critically about global politics.
What is the moral foundation of human rights, justice, and the rule of law? In a time of deep cultural and political division, this volume charts the rich history of one of the most enduring ideas in Western thought: that moral and legal norms are rooted in human nature and accessible to reason. Spanning ancient, medieval, early modern, and contemporary traditions-including Islamic and African-American perspectives-the volume shows how Natural Law has evolved and how it continues to shape debates in ethics, politics, and jurisprudence. With chapters on Aristotle, Aquinas, Grotius, Locke, and the American Founders, as well as modern voices like Jacques Maritain and Martin Luther King, it offers both historical depth and philosophical clarity. Essential reading for students and scholars in philosophy, law, theology, and political theory, it invites readers to rediscover a tradition that speaks urgently to the moral challenges of our time.
Aquinas argues that, abstracting from divine revelation, God's existence can be argued for successfully, and that God is the source of the existence of all that is not divine for as long as it exists. His philosophical thought about God has been seminal for later thinkers, but can be hard to grasp as it is scattered across a broad range of his writings. This book provides a comprehensive and accessible single-volume account of Aquinas's philosophy of God which also evaluates it in the light both of various criticisms that have been made of it, and of philosophical thought more generally. It situates Aquinas's thinking about God in relation to major philosophers of the past and a number of important philosophers writing today, which will enable readers to understand Aquinas's philosophy of God in the context of centuries of philosophical thought.
In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith set out a system for understanding why some societies prosper and others do not, and in the process founded the discipline of economics. In the 250 years since its publication, the world has transformed beyond recognition. Smith has also been reduced in the collective imagination to little more than a byword for the free market. The Wealth of Nations at 250 brings together today's most influential economists and economic historians to ask where Smith's system still holds, and where it needs new machinery. The task of rethinking what causes prosperity demands a return to the breadth of Smith's original vision, incorporating the cultural, institutional, and political foundations as well as the economic. Written in the spirit of Smith's own clarity, the book speaks to anyone interested in how and why nations prosper. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
What exactly are viewers or audiences expected to appreciate when language is put on display? What kinds of ideologies about language underpin such displays? Does language operate differently when it becomes the intended object of display as opposed to when it is being used for regular communication? Language is often 'invisible' because we use it without thinking too much about it. The study of language on display makes the invisible visible. Drawing on examples of the display of language in multiple contexts: museums, exhibitions, contests, celebrations, this book analyses cases where language is deliberately offered up as an object for contemplation, entertainment, and even decoration; language as spectacle in and of itself. It provides an innovative theorisation that shows how the subjectification process involved – where people are treated more as viewers than users – entrenches an objectivist understanding of language. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Moving beyond familiar discussions of ethnic conflict, this Handbook presents a bold rethinking of how language shapes identity, power, and violence. With contributions from leading scholars in linguistics, political science, and public policy, it presents global case studies alongside new analytic tools for the study of language and global politics. It introduces “language conflict” as a clearer and more useful framework-one that brings linguistic structure, institutional policy, and communicative inequality into focus. Split into four sections, chapters cover topics such as hate speech, language rights, transitional justice, education policy, and postcolonial literature, spanning contexts from Cameroon to Catalonia, and from Guatemala to Sri Lanka. Together, these chapters show how language is not simply a cultural marker, but a political force that shapes collective identities, nationalism, and resistance. It is essential reading for anyone interested in language policy, multilingual governance, and the deep entanglement of language with political life.
The Late Ramesside Letters comprise over seventy surviving texts from the end of Egypt's New Kingdom, created by a community living around the Medinet Habu temple complex in western Thebes. These letters reveal how individuals negotiated varied social relationships and communicative norms, including interactions with the divine. By applying frameworks from (Im)politeness Research – such as Discernment Politeness, Facework, Politic Behaviour, Frame Theory, and Ritual – it is possible to reconstruct the underlying (im)politeness system that shaped all communication within this community. This approach highlights how specific linguistic patterns supported social harmony, managed tensions, and facilitated obligations to both people and gods. The analysis also identifies emerging phenomena that require new theoretical directions, such as the unique strategies used to maintain relationships with deities. Ultimately, the letters demonstrate that Power permeated every level of interaction, and its centrality within this linguaculture challenges modern assumptions about how Power operates in contemporary societies.
The linguistic landscape has shifted considerably over the last twenty years, making it increasingly less clear how the key components of language (phonology, syntax, and semantics) communicate and interact with one another. With contributions from a team of renowned scholars, this volume addresses this gap by offering an interdisciplinary account of the current state of knowledge on linguistic interfaces. Chapters are split into five parts, and provide detailed, cutting-edge overviews of the main theoretical approaches to how grammatical components interact. The volume also includes in-depth descriptions of the empirical domains and individual phenomena in which the interface between syntax, semantics, and phonology becomes more informative, along with their psycholinguistic implications for processing and acquisition. Combining empirical data with theoretical analysis, it enables readers to assess and compare linguistic phenomena from multiple perspectives. It is essential reading for researchers and advanced students in syntax, morphology, semantics, pragmatics, phonetics and phonology.
This book rethinks how we understand tyrannical rule in the ancient world. Challenging the conventional notion of tyranny as a uniform model of autocracy, it reveals a spectrum of tyrannical types – or patterns – based on language, behavior, and storytelling in Greek historians. Drawing on literary, archaeological, and epigraphic evidence, it employs a historical-anthropological approach to show how Greek authors constructed and debated the image of the tyrant. Ranging from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period and from mainland Greece and Asia Minor to the Black Sea region, North Africa, and southern Italy and Sicily, Marcaline Boyd situates these portrayals in their wider historiographic and historical contexts. She highlights how tyranny intersected with political authority, legitimacy, and moral order. The book illuminates the diversity, instability, and narrative construction of tyrannical power, offering fresh insight into the complexity of Greek political history and thought.
This gentle introduction to the most important techniques in natural language processing uses a unified mathematical and algorithmic framework and gradually increases in complexity. Topics covered range from n-gram language models to large language models (LLMs), from perceptron to deep learning, from text classification to structured prediction (e.g., sequence labelling, segmentation, and parsing) and generation, and from discrete representation to neural representation of linguistics structures. This book provides a comprehensive overview of NLP, making it ideal for upper undergraduate and graduate students in computer science and a valuable reference for researchers and engineers. Exercises of varying difficulty are provided as well as teaching slides and tutorial videos. The new edition features three new chapters on pre-trained language models and large language models as well as a new preliminary chapter overviewing data and model as a framework for NLP methods.
Joyce Marie Mushaben assesses the extraordinary political career and policy legacy of Ursula von der Leyen. A medical doctor and mother of seven children, von der Leyen entered national politics at age forty-two. Consistently opposed by hardliners within her own party, the CDU, she mastered three ministerial portfolios across four Merkel governments, enabling her to transform Germany's obsolete gender regime and its historically anti-militarist 'strategic culture.' As the first female President of the EU Commission in 2019, she pursued a 'Union of Equality,' extending women's and gender rights in new domains. Forced to tackle the Covid pandemic, climate change and Russia's war against Ukraine, she met each crisis with dignity and calm. She strengthened the EU's identity as a 'value community' and redefined its role as a 'geopolitical' global actor. This is the first book to analyse von der Leyen's achievements in the context of an era of global crisis.
What happens when people cross borders to learn and then return to the worlds that shaped them? This book follows 391 returnees from sixty-nine countries to show how international higher education reshapes how individuals see, judge, and engage in their societies. Drawing on vivid cases from education, health, poverty, and democratic life, it traces five generative mechanisms-reflexive agency, civic understanding, knowledge translation, transnational social relations, and intercultural understanding-through which comparative experience becomes consequential after return. Grounded in critical realism, transformative learning, and transnational theory, the book introduces a new framework centred on presence: a sustained relational stance through which individuals hold their ground under constraint. It offers an empirically rich account of how international study widens interpretive horizons, sustains engagement, and keeps democratic and institutional possibility open even in settings marked by inequality, fragility, and uncertainty. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
In the late-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, child actors were ubiquitous in popular theatre forms across the US, Britain, and Australasia. In this first transnational study of child actors, Gillian Arrighi reveals their popularity with the audiences who flocked to see them in dramas, musical comedies, vaudeville, variety, and pantomime, and how they were photographed, written about, and worried about in the print media of the day. Embodying a unique blend of innocence, joy and competence, they appeared alongside the biggest stars of the era and toured vast distances, some of them earning enormous salaries. When anglophone societies were constructing modern childhood through social, labour, and education reforms, it was the popular theatre, Arrighi shows, where audiences went to see transformational ideas about children and childhood brought to life.