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This book challenges the conventional narrative that the 1970s were a fundamental watershed between two seamless economic policy paradigms in postwar United Kingdom, Keynesianism and neoliberalism. Drawing on extensive archival research, José Tomás Labarca highlights heterogeneity and discontinuity in postwar economic policymaking rather than consensus. The book argues that there was no seamless Keynesian economic policy epoch, challenging widespread misconceptions about excessive government spending in the 1960s and 1970s to offer a novel interpretation of shrinking policy space in the 1970s. Centering the multidimensional politics of official knowledge, Labarca provides an original analysis of how conflicts between competing government elite coalitions drove fragmented policy change before and after the 1970s. While most research focuses exclusively on the politics of economic ideas, Fragmented Policy Change proves that not only economic but also organizational and bureaucratic ideas, processes, and interests influence the evolution of relatively (in)coherent policy regimes.
This book studies the emergence of large-scale structure from small structures in the context of random graphs. Typical large graphs with fixed edge density e and triangle density t are described by a 'graphon' that solves a constrained optimization problem. Proofs are provided of the existence of infinitely many open sets ('phases') in the (e,t) plane where the optimal graphon is unique and varies analytically with (e,t). The optimal graphons take a simple form, with symmetries that vary from phase to phase, indicating an emergent self-organization of the corresponding graphs. Besides being of independent interest in the theory of random graphs, extremal combinatorics and the calculus of variations, this provides a rigorous framework for studying ideas from statistical physics that have never been proven in their original setting. The techniques presented in this book can serve as a guide for optimization problems in other fields.
Attention to the body is an exciting emerging dimension of anthropological research. A collection of diverse conversations contributed by a global team of scholars, this Handbook is a state-of-the-field survey of the anthropology of the body, revealing dialogues between anthropological traditions that inform the study of the body. A focus on the body has animated subfields such as the anthropology of religion, medical anthropology, and the anthropology of performance, and rekindled interest in kinship and materiality. Chapters are organized around six central themes – flesh, motion, formation, knowledge, management, and entanglement – giving readers a holistic sense of the diverse analytical possibilities within the anthropology of the body. Showing the unique combinations that material and metaphorical aspects of the body take across different ethnographic and epistemic contexts, this Handbook is essential reading for students and scholars of social, cultural, and medical anthropology.
This book explores relations between medicine and empire in the Roman world. It charts Rome's accumulation of medical resources in the Republic, bound up with the acquisition of territory and power, and then reveals the redistribution of those resources as part of the larger project of imperial consolidation after Augustus. It demonstrates the ways in which medicine – ideas and practices around health, disease and healing – supported the Roman imperial enterprise. From the medical care of large enslaved workforces and Roman armies to the hierarchies of medical practitioners in communities across the empire and the ordering of health and bodies. Rome was the medical and political capital of the Mediterranean. It was also the disease capital, and the integration of imperial territory by the second century CE not only established a unified (but not uniform) medical culture but also helped the spread of disease, culminating in the Antonine Plague.
Artificial intelligence is often portrayed as a force set to radically transform entrepreneurship. This book takes a more analytical approach, asking what AI truly changes-and what it does not—about the role of innovative entrepreneurs in advanced capitalist economies. Integrating AI into established economic theories of entrepreneurship, Luca Grilli develops new conceptual frameworks informed by emerging empirical evidence on the nature of AI entrepreneurship. His analysis shows how AI frequently reinforces incumbent advantage while also generating forms of systemic lock‑in around large, AI-driven ecosystems. These dynamics risk narrowing the space for genuinely innovative ideas, thereby reshaping the conditions under which entrepreneurship can thrive. Against this backdrop, The AI Entrepreneur reflects on how institutions and economic policy can safeguard space for entrepreneurial agency, preventing the AI entrepreneur from becoming a postmodern simulacrum confined within increasingly 'fenced' forms of capitalism.
An engaging and comprehensive introduction to phonetics and phonology, this textbook innovatively integrates extensive audio-visual materials and multiple language examples. Introducing the vocal tract, speech production and acoustic characteristics of speech, it describes major sound types attested in languages, covers key phonological concepts, and examines a range of sound and prosodic patterns. English is de-centered with all languages treated as equally worthy of study. Students are therefore exposed to data from a wide range of typologically diverse languages, many of which are indigenous, sourced from recent, rigorous language descriptions. Written in an accessible style with all technical terms clearly explained, students will gain an understanding of key concepts as well as practical skills in listening, transcribing, reading acoustic representations and doing phonological analysis. Pedagogical features include embedded audio and video in an enhanced interactive eBook, quizzes, key concept lists, suggestions for further reading and exploration, and approximately 100 original exercises.
Renewal in Contemporary Islamic Thought and Society explores the shifting perspectives and debates in contemporary Islamic thought. Seeking solutions to 21st-century social issues and modern Muslim needs, Muhammad Al-Atawneh presents a fresh assessment of Islamic renewal (tajdid), Muslim ethics, and intellectual revitalization, while also reassessing Islam's image and role in the modern world today. He interrogates the dynamics of renewal in Islam by reevaluating the methods by which traditional Islamic principles may be realigned to handle modern challenges. By aligning religious practice with contemporary circumstances, he also examines efforts addressing current social problems and that advance justice, equality, and good governance within the framework of Islamic tradition. Al-Atawneh demonstrates how academic inquiry stimulate a healthy intellectual culture within Muslim society. A transformative examination of renewal within Islamic thought, his astute analysis also shows how Islamic teachings and modern science can coexist, generating a harmonious coexistence between religion and reason.
The Cambridge Handbook of the Law of Networks, Platforms and Utilities offers a comparative and multi-sector analysis of the most important industries shaping people's lives, including transportation, communications, finance, energy, technology, and social infrastructure. Enterprises in these sectors are unlike other businesses because they form the basic infrastructure for commerce and society. Network, platform, and utility (NPU) enterprises tend toward monopoly or oligopoly, and often involve structurally unequal bargaining power because of economies of scale, network effects, special skills, and high capital costs. As a result, NPU enterprises around the world have generally been governed by distinctive legal regimes: public ownership, public utility regulation and oversight, or public options alongside private businesses. The Cambridge Handbook of the Law of Networks, Platforms and Utilities brings together leading scholars to capture the central themes and concepts in the field and describe how countries around the world govern NPU enterprises.
Spanning the full AI Ph.D. journey, this practical guide offers clear, realistic, and action oriented advice for success. Designed as an end-to-end guide, the book leads readers from finding a research problem to experimentation, writing, conferences, and the final defense. Readers learn how to partner effectively with advisors, run productive meetings, and navigate review and rejection with confidence. The book provides guidance on responsible AI research and using LLMs effectively while safeguarding scientific integrity. The final stages of the PhD receive explicit focus, with advice on shaping publications into a coherent dissertation, preparing for the defense, and responding to examiners. This guide extends beyond graduation, exploring career paths in academia, industry, and the public sector while emphasizing transferable skills and strategic decisions. Ideal for Ph.D. students in AI and machine learning, as well as those considering starting a PhD, this book provides actionable advice that clarifies next steps and accelerates progress.
Minimalism – a long-established branch of Chomsky's Generative approach - has become increasingly influential not just in syntactic research, but across, and outside of, linguistics. Bringing together a team of renowned scholars, this handbook provides a comprehensive guide to current developments in generative syntactic theory, and its relevance to the interfaces, and to interdisciplinary applications to linguistics and beyond. Organised into five thematic parts, chapters cover minimalist perspectives on the linguistic interfaces, language in context and language development, formalist approaches to experimental syntax and computational modelling, and inter- and multidisciplinary explorations beyond language - including language pathologies, evolutionary perspectives, non-human cognition, and biolinguistics. Bringing together different theoretical points of view on the narrow syntactic and interface areas of theoretical linguistics, it is essential reading for academic researchers and advanced students across various subfields of linguistics, including syntax, semantics, morphology, phonology, discourse, language contact, and language change.
Following the landmark Citizens United ruling in 2010, a new era for campaigns has taken shape, not only at the federal and state level but also in many US cities. Super PACs in the City examines the transformation of the political landscape in urban America since then, providing the first book-length, data-driven account of how outside money has moved into local elections for city council, mayor, and school boards. Drawing on original candidate-level datasets and cross-city evidence, the book identifies when money moves votes, maps which races are most exposed, and explains how accountability weakens when information cues are thin. Case studies of New York City and Los Angeles bring the story to life, from Flash PACs built for a single election cycle to factional branding in cities where one party routinely wins. The book also discusses practical, actionable reforms that can be implemented to restore the balance and integrity to local democracy, providing a roadmap for policymakers and citizens alike.
Theoretical research sometimes resembles panning for gold: the first to 'discover' a given subject can take their pick of any bold simplifying assumptions and mine all the good nuggets before the rest of us join in. Still, some beautiful exact results may lie just below the surface. Every now and then, they are uncovered through mathematical tours de force. Short of extraordinary mathematical skills, there is, fortunately, a third way towards successful analytical investigations: Asymptotics – the craft of treating limiting cases. This book is addressed to scientists and engineers from Masters level up who want to enrich their numerical investigations with analytical results. It provides strategies for obtaining approximate results when parameters become small or large. Built round a large number of examples, it demonstrates how the techniques apply to a variety of problems, by considering applications from areas as diverse as quantum mechanics, elasticity, electromagnetism and population dynamics.
Protests are becoming more frequent and unpredictable, often creating complex challenges for emergency healthcare providers. Road closures, surging crowds, and sudden outbreaks of violence can strain resources and compromise safety. When demonstrations escalate, injuries from chemical irritants, kinetic impact projectiles, tasers, dog bites, and stampedes demand rapid and informed responses. This concise guide equips healthcare professionals with practical strategies for delivering timely, high-quality care in pre-hospital and hospital settings during civil unrest. Using lessons learnt from real world events this guide teaches readers to recognize common protest-related injury patterns, implement effective treatment plans, and maintain personal safety amid volatile conditions. Beyond immediate care, this book also addresses post-protest considerations, including trauma-informed approaches and psychological first aid for both patients and healthcare providers alike. Whether on the frontlines or in the emergency department this resource will prepare readers to navigate turbulent events with confidence, compassion, and care.
The United States has fought wars throughout its history. But how has it attempted to shape a peaceful world in the wake of these conflicts? This volume explores the long US history of post-conflict diplomacy – from the early republic, through the aftermath of World War II, to recent global engagements. Through richly detailed essays, it examines how power, race, and individual agency shaped US efforts to rebuild relationships after war. Moving beyond simplistic narratives, the book reveals the complexity of forging peace and its unintended consequences. It highlights pivotal moments when alliances were born, rivalries transformed, and nongovernmental actors influenced outcomes as much as statespersons. Essential for scholars, policymakers, and readers seeking insight into how past strategies inform present decisions, this work reframes the diplomatic legacy of the United States and offers lessons for future interventions. Bold, comparative, and deeply researched, it illuminates the challenges – and possibilities – of building peace after conflict.
After decades on the sidelines, women are now central to India's political and development agenda. Representation from Below traces this transformation away from the halls of power toward women's inclusion in local politics and their reordering of party organization. Drawing on fieldwork, survey data, and natural experiments, the book shows how women in local politics built grassroots chapters of women's party wings and recruited other women into them, expanding parties' organizational capacity to mobilize women voters. As women became electorally consequential, party elites adapted, reshaping policies and opening pathways to higher office. Challenging views that clientelist parties or patriarchal norms block women's agency, the book demonstrates how gendered constraints became sources of leverage over parties. The book expands how we understand women's political inclusion-not only as a matter of legitimacy or representation-but as a source of organizational capacity that reshapes who parties mobilize and who they ultimately serve.
Billions flow through illicit trade annually, harming societies and economies, yet the International Community struggle to respond effectively. This book provides a groundbreaking, integrated perspective, bridging the divide between Public International Law and WTO Law to offer a cohesive strategy against illicit trade. It starts by proposing a much-needed definition and innovative typologies – like per se vs de facto – to systematically understand the phenomenon. Real-world case studies and analysis of state regulatory measures illustrate the practical challenges. The author critiques the WTO's evasive stance, dissecting key dispute settlement cases, and introduces the concept of 'International Law Against Illicit Trade' (ILAIT) based on established legal principles. Offering more than mere critique, the book culminates in specific, actionable proposals for WTO reform, making a compelling case for adapting trade rules to fight illicit trade effectively. This book is a vital resource for anyone involved in international trade law and policy.
In this transformative study, Simon Smith explores how playwrights like Shakespeare crafted their plays for demanding and varied commercial audiences. Rediscovering the many forms of judgement practised in the early modern playhouse, he investigates influences ranging from the classical tradition and grammar-school classroom to ballad and jest culture. Where many prior studies have treated 'the judicious' as a self-contained subset of playgoers, Smith reveals the variety of careful assessments made in the theatre by a wide range of playgoers, showing that judgement and pleasure were often simultaneous elements of the same response. Chapters examine specific parts of plays that were especially subject to evaluation and generative of enjoyment: spectacle, words, plot, and actorly technique. Close readings shed fresh light on much-studied plays such as Hamlet and Volpone, as well as exploring several unfairly overlooked plays. This is a Flip it Open title and may be available open access on Cambridge Core.
This is the first book-length study on the history of the trial by jury in India, filling a major gap in the histories of law, colonialism, and empire as well as the history of the jury trial. James Jaffe adopts a legal-historical approach to tell the story of the English jury trial in India, from its introduction in the 1860s to its abolition in the 1970s, its backers and detractors (including K.N. Katju and Gandhi, respectively), and how the debate reflected wider political and social concerns, in colonial and postcolonial Britain and India.
An essential, accessible introduction to Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) for reducing self-harm, suicidal behaviours, and other major problems associated with emotional dysregulation. It breaks the treatment down into user-friendly steps for novice clinicians while refreshing knowledge for more experienced practitioners. Covering all modes of DBT, chapters also span case formulation, recent research, the DBT suicide crisis protocol, case studies, running standalone DBT skills training, and implementing a DBT programme. Authored by accredited DBT therapists and supervisors who are all senior members of the British Isles DBT National Training Team which has seeded 650+ DBT teams in the UK and across Europe since 1997, this practical textbook is packed with rich, everyday clinical examples and useful ideas for practice. Part of the Cambridge Guides to the Psychological Therapies series, offering all the latest scientifically rigorous, and practical information on a range of key, evidence-based psychological interventions for clinicians.