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Addressing water insecurity through increased investment in water infrastructure and technologies has become a key priority in several arid and water scarce countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Yet, advancing water security is not solely technological - it also has profound law and policy implications. Given the implication of water security for sanitation, food, energy, land, human rights, peace and conflict prevention in the region, holistic legal and institutional frameworks that advance the sustainable management of water resources across all sectors are essential. This book offers a comprehensive and authoritative account of the guiding principles and rules on water in the MENA region. It introduces readers to the applicable legislation, institutions and rules underpinning the design, approval, financing and application of water infrastructure and technologies across the MENA region. It concludes with reflections and recommendations on legal and regulatory innovations that can help unlock sustainable and rights-based implementation of water law and policy in the MENA region.
What does it mean to know, act, and be in the world? This book explores the embodied nature of human knowledge. Drawing on phenomenology and cognitive science, it shows how bodily experience shapes the self, social understanding, and practical knowledge. Philosopher and psychologist Shogo Tanaka examines motor learning, body schema, and lived experience to shed light on this subject with chapters exploring intercorporeal sociality, social cognition, narrative identity, and cultural meaning. By reflecting on the methods and limits of studying embodied knowledge, the text reveals how habits, skilled action, and even contemplative practices disclose the body as a medium of insight. This book is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Roman Satire and the Fall of Rome reveals the involvement of the satirist Juvenal in composing the history of Roman decline. He wasperhaps the most fashionable classical author in England in the eighteenth century, when Edward Gibbon wrote The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1776–88). Juvenal's satires enjoyed a similar level of notoriety among the Roman writers of late antiquity, who furnished Gibbon with the materials for his history. This book traces the reverberations of Juvenal's satirical rhetoric between these different periods. Ian Fielding offers detailed new readings of the responses to the satires in the works of Ammianus Marcellinus and Claudian, while also examining the responses to those responses in Gibbon's Decline and Fall. The complex case of Juvenal's reception shows how satire, the quintessentially Roman genre, has represented the problems of the Roman past as a warning for modern times.
In the years leading up to the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, women's organizations recognized colleges and universities as potential protest spaces and students as essential recruits in engaging young people's support for gender equality. How these movements continued to organize on campuses in the following decades is told for the first time in this important book. While youth activism in the 1960s and 1970s has been examined in detail, Kelly Marino fills a gap in the scholarship by focusing on the understudied 'interwave' years. She analyzes the legacy of the suffrage movement in modern America and shows why greater fragmentation emerged among women's rights activists later in the century. For scholars and students of women's history, education history, modern American history, gender studies, and political science, Marino offers a fuller understanding of women's suffrage and its impact on higher education, society, government, and culture.
The relationship between farming and the emergence cities is a key question in the archaeology of western Asia and Europe. In this study, Amy Bogaard explores how the earliest villages and cities were sustained through evolving agricultural strategies. Deploying the latest methods and evidence, she offers new approaches for predicting how settlement scale and density shaped agricultural practices, and for reconstructing farming methods as they evolved alongside urbanisation. Bogaard demonstrates how Neolithic farming took off with the integration of small-scale cultivation and herding, held together by the work and ownership claims of households. Urbanisation challenged resilient Neolithic farming practices, as early cities co-evolved with the expansion of low-input cereal monocultures. Nevertheless, diverse Neolithic farming traditions persisted in these urban landscapes, creating richer agroecologies and more sustainable cities. Bogaard's study offers exciting insights into how farming and cities emerged in the deep past, along with the theory, toolkit, and data necessary for building knowledge of ancient farming, and for reflecting on farming futures.
This book reveals a powerful but neglected Greco‑Roman model of making and viewing, in which objects were crafted first and foremost as ornament rather than as autonomous 'works of art.' Reconstructing ornamentum/kosmos as an insider, honour‑laden aesthetic category, it shows how the same vocabulary tied together statues, paintings, architecture, jewellery, funerary monuments, wall‑painting, vessels, and civic infrastructure as interacting ornaments that beautified and dignified cities, communities, and persons. Part I builds this conceptual history from literary, epigraphic, and papyrological sources, arguing that Romans imagined a world literally built of ornament. The case studies that follow-from the Campus Martius and Trajan's Column to illusionistic interiors, and luxury glass-demonstrate how 'ornamental logic' cut across media, regions, and social strata. Putting ornament at the centre of Roman visuality, the book challenges modern hierarchies between 'high' and 'decorative' art and clarifies how visual form generated aesthetic and social power across the empire.
This book explores the ways in which divine and human agency interacted in ancient Greek thought. It offers new interpretations of a wide array of texts and sources, from Homeric epic, Aeschylean tragedy and Herodotus to Neoplatonist thought, emphasising the fascinating diversity, ambiguity and complexity of ancient Greek responses to divine intervention, and asking what these can tell us about how the Greeks related to their gods. At the same time, the volume charts the intellectual history of debates on divine and human agency, from ancient philosophy to twentieth-century scholarship. Most radically, it considers whether commonly used concepts such as 'double motivation' and 'over-determination' have outlived their purpose; and puts forward potential alternative approaches. By engaging with all these questions, the book yields novel insights into how the ancient Greeks responded to the idea of divine intervention, and, by extension, into how they experienced and interpreted the world around them.
Founded in 1948, the World Council of Churches (WCC) was an important voice for human rights during the establishment of the postwar liberal international order. Bastiaan Bouwman demonstrates how its Christian human rights advocacy underwent a dramatic change over the following decades, from its initial focus on religious freedom to its later emphasis on social justice. By the 1970s, the WCC had moved to the left, focusing on causes such as the struggle against white minority rule in Southern Africa, right-wing repression in Latin America and Asia, and domestic and international inequalities. Drawing on extensive archival research, Bouwman sheds much needed light on a half century of contest over the concept of human rights. He challenges the notion that the rise of human rights was either a strictly secular or liberal phenomenon and shows how the WCC's advocacy interacted with major political developments such as decolonization and the Cold War.
Learning Computational Economics with Python introduces students to the computational foundations of modern economics through a clear progression from basic programming to advanced numerical methods. Beginning with Python fundamentals and programming paradigms, the book moves through numerical computing, linear algebra, statistical programming, differentiation and integration, optimization, nonlinear equations, interpolation, and dynamics. Throughout, economic interpretation remains central: readers see how computational tools help solve optimization problems, work with data, analyze equilibrium conditions, and study dynamic systems that are difficult or impossible to handle by hand. By combining conceptual explanation with practical Python workflows, the book equips readers to translate mathematical ideas into code for coursework, research, and applied economic analysis.
The Arab region has suffered over a decade of extreme conflict, with significant repercussions for the development of higher education in conflict-affected countries. Yet higher education remains marginal to recovery debates in the region. This book addresses this gap through comparative analysis of five war-affected contexts: Iraq, Libya, Syria, Yemen, and Gaza. Based on extensive fieldwork and sustained policy engagement, it reveals how universities have endured protracted conflict, adapted under extreme constraints, and participated in reconstruction efforts-often with minimal external support. Challenging dominant approaches to post-conflict intervention, it foregrounds local agency, institutional adaptation, and nationally driven processes. It also documents the shift toward recognizing higher education as both a humanitarian concern and a developmental priority. This is the first study to position universities at the center of recovery discourse in conflict-affected Arab states. This is a Flip it Open title and may be available open access on Cambridge Core.
An updated second edition of the popular 'red book' revision aid, developed specifically for those preparing for the Final FFICM structured oral examination. Written and edited by three consultant intensivists and designed in the style of the viva, it provides model answers which feature summaries of the relevant evidence to guide trainees in their preparation for the exam. The 98 topics and questions specifically tackle clinical aspects of the exam and each chapter is structured to facilitate productive revision. Core concepts are expanded to ensure detailed explanations, and enhanced by figures and tables to promote visual learning. Now featuring seven new chapters, this text is an invaluable revision aid to those studying for the Final FFICM and, more widely, trainees revising for the Final FRCA, as it covers popular and commonly occurring ICM topics featuring in the anaesthetic fellowship exams.
The modern world has moved beyond the Information Age and entered a new era of industry, automation, and 'intelligence.' How might the law preserve human value in the wake of rapid societal transformation? Is the field even equipped to do so? Humans in Exile offers a unique, interdisciplinary approach to addressing the societal stress and existential threats caused by these rapid developments, bringing the reader to the essential point of what it is to be human. The book reveals the historical and theoretical ties between science, technology, and government and demonstrates how scientism and technological determinism have steered legal decision-making in the wrong direction. The book concludes by providing an array of examples of law in action to address cutting edge challenges, such as surveillance, AI, and toxic waste. Humans in Exile posits that privacy is not dead and humans remain valued and resilient under the law.
In the wake of wars and revolutions, fragile societies increasingly turn to interim constitutions to enact their visions for a brighter future. With more than 150 interim constitutions enacted globally since 1789, an understanding is needed of these legal instruments and how well they perform. As the first major comparative study, Interim Constitutions: Legal Nature and Performance fills this void. This authoritative guide for practitioners and scholars addresses how interim constitutions compare to other constitutional reform options, when they are used and why, their functions, drafting processes and main design features, negotiation challenges, and the benefits they yield – including whether they lead to final (non-interim) constitutions, as well as greater peace and democracy. Dozens of hypotheses in the state of the art on achieving successful transitions are tested and disrupted, leading to novel and useful insights for improving future practice. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
While reading these lines, you are aware of the words on the page. But are you also aware of seeing them-of your visual experience itself? Some say yes, others no. This is one of the central divides in contemporary philosophy of consciousness. Simply put, the general question is whether consciousness requires some form of self-consciousness. Those who reply affirmatively endorse the Awareness Principle: each conscious mental state is such that its subject is aware of it. The relevant awareness is what we call inner awareness. This volume of new essays examines whether the Awareness Principle is true, what inner awareness is, and its import for our understanding of the conscious mind. Bringing together established and emerging philosophers, it advances the philosophical understanding of inner awareness as a phenomenon in its own right. Scholarly yet accessible, it will interest researchers and students of philosophy of mind and consciousness studies.
Science is in the midst of an under-recognized revolution. For centuries, prediction in science went hand in hand with understanding: knowledge of what advanced in tandem with knowledge of how and why. But in recent years, AI tools have enabled scientists to make predictions that previously would have been impossible, even if they don't understand why those predictions hold true. Already, scientists have used these AI 'oracles' to design new drug candidates and help paralyzed people regain the ability to speak. These are consequential achievements. But they also raise a difficult question: If science can improve lives with prediction alone, should we still seek to understand the universe? In The Prediction Revolution, Grace Huckins, a trained neuroscientist and award-winning journalist, explores how AI is reshaping the relationship between prediction and understanding-and challenges us to consider what science is really for. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Computational complexity theory is about the fundamental capabilities and limitations of efficient computation. Framing the subject in the broader context of computer science, this guidebook is both a self-contained tutorial for beginning graduate students in all areas of computer science and a thorough reference for specialists. Using only elementary discrete math, the book rigorously covers the central concepts of time, space, and randomness in computing, as well as connections to other areas of computer science such as cryptography and machine learning. Intuitions and general techniques are emphasized. The book features full proofs, numerous concrete examples and illustrations, and hundreds of exercises.
As Anglo-American legal systems face unsustainable levels of imprisonment, this book provides an ethical rationale for moving in a direction that pragmatic considerations already press us toward: reducing punitiveness. Every mainstream moral justification for criminal sanctions is subject to formidable objections, creating “moral uncertainty” about whether any single justification can adequately guide policymakers. Instead, this book defends 'The Convergence Approach' -- basing penal policy on areas of agreement between theories. This provides an ethical “safety net” so that even if one's preferred theory is flawed, another theory could still justify the policy. The book also proposes a presumption against imposing sanctions of a severity that a reasonable theory would deem excessive, and emulating less punitive Nordic systems. It discusses moral/legal principles applicable across many jurisdictions, providing accessible, up-to-date, interdisciplinary, and topical discussions of the prisons crisis, penal theories, moral psychology, crime prevention, and victims' and offenders' rights.