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Many believe that the power to start wars is the most important issue of constitutional war powers-and perhaps the most important issue of constitutional law altogether. Yet this fixation on the power to start wars obscures equally important questions. Who has the power to prepare for war, deter it, conduct it, decide its aims, or end it? Although many democracies wrestle with these constitutional questions, the United States stands apart in that no other written constitution has had to function over time across such dramatic transformations in national military power and radical swings in strategy for wielding it. To show the many ways that political leaders have adapted law-in war, in peace, and in the gray zones between-this book weaves together the stories of American constitutional war powers, military history, and grand strategy from the Revolutionary War to possible conflicts of the future. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Lawgiving in the Ancient Near East offers a comprehensive study on the enactment of law from the mid-third to mid-first millennium BCE. Unlike the biblical tradition, whereby all law emanates from Israel's divine sovereign, ancient Near Eastern kings were the most common agents to assume the moniker of 'lawgiver'. Their unrivaled access to the higher moral order of justice granted them a 'functional divinity' in the eyes of their subjects. Considering key theories about the origin, nature, and function of law, Dylan Johnson analyzes the world's earliest legal collections, not as isolated objects, but within the context of the legal regimes from which they emerge. His study offers new insights into the prevailing regimes and royal and elite justice as reflected in these collections. Questioning the assumption that lawgiving was a coercive attempt to monopolize legal authority, Johnson also develops new explanations that reveal the subjects of the law as social agents who helped construct and maintain legal power.
This textbook provides an interdisciplinary overview of international human rights issues, offering international coverage (especially the Global South). Fully revised and updated, this second edition considers the philosophical foundations of human rights, explores the interpretive difficulties associated with identifying what constitutes human rights abuses, and evaluates various perspectives on human rights. It then analyzes institutions that strive to promote and enforce human rights standards including the United Nations system, regional human rights bodies, and domestic courts. It also discusses a wide variety of substantive human rights issues including genocide, torture, capital punishment and other forms of punishment. In particular, it covers understudied topics such as socio-economic rights, cultural rights and environmental rights, and emerging issues, such as right to health and human rights and technology. It focuses on the rights of marginalized groups including children's rights, rights of persons with disabilities, women's rights, labor rights, Indigenous rights, and LGBTQ+ rights.
Spotlighting the significance of collaboration to Greek and Latin literature, this volume asks how our conceptions of ancient literary culture change if we privilege all the various collaborations which lead up to the production of a text. In so doing, it challenges the essentialisation of the author as the sole producer and creator of a literary work. The book builds on recent applications of network theory and distributed authorship to classical literature and is interested not just in the multiple agents of literary production, but also in the imbalances of power that they often entail. Simultaneously, it explores depictions of collaboration within Greek and Latin literature itself: what happens when we read not for competition and zero-sum games, but for moments of teamwork and working together? These two complementary approaches frequently intersect and speak to each other in productive ways.
This innovative collected work offers a new way of understanding history, society, and climate by placing water at the center of human life. Focusing on monsoon Asia – home to nearly half the world's population – it explores how oceans, rivers, monsoons, and even humidity have shaped cultures, economies, politics, and everyday survival for centuries. Bringing together historians, anthropologists, geographers, and environmental scholars, the volume connects local waterscapes to regional and global Earth systems, showing how human actions have reshaped the hydrological cycle with planetary consequences. Through vivid case studies ranging from river basins and coastal cities to human bodies, beliefs, and technologies, the book reveals water as both a life-giving force and a source of risk, power, and conflict. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
The Lutheran pastor Dietrich Bonhoeffer courageously resisted the Nazi regime. Yet, while inspired by sincere faith, his resistance was also politically short-sighted. In this study, Douglas G. Morris explores how Bonhoeffer's fear of the regime's assault on Christianity led him to neglect the liberal democratic value of equal justice under law. While opposing Nazi racism against Jews, Bonhoeffer always believed that they must eventually convert. Scorning Hitler's rule as godless, Bonhoeffer imagined in its place a secular government under Christ that was authoritarian, hierarchical, and anti-egalitarian. Thus, Bonhoeffer had little to offer Jews, other marginalised groups, or political dissenters. Based on a careful probing of extensive secondary literature and a meticulous analysis of Bonhoeffer's own writing, this study demonstrates how his faith both inspired his anti-Nazism and constrained his political understanding.
Pardons is an unprecedented history of the pardon power, chronicling how British monarchs and American presidents have wielded clemency to afford mercy, reconcile societies, and exert executive supremacy. The book traces the pardon power from its origins as an attribute of absolute monarchy to its adoption by the American Framers as one of the few enumerated powers of the president of the United States. It tells the stories, human and political, of all forty-five presidents who have wielded the pardon power and of those they pardoned. The book argues that the increasing abuse of presidential clemency and the effective elimination of impeachment and criminal prosecution as constraints on presidential misconduct have made the pardon power a threat to the rule of law. To address this growing danger, Pardons calls for presidential pardon powers to be eliminated or transferred to Congress by constitutional amendment.
'All past beliefs about nature have sooner or later turned out to be false. On the record, therefore, the probability that any currently proposed belief will fare better must be close to zero.' So wrote the historian and philosopher of science Thomas Kuhn. A substantial number of contemporary philosophers agree with that pessimistic induction from the history of science. If true, the implications of that inductive argument are profound, suggesting that current so-called scientific knowledge is not what it purports to be – namely, an enduring understanding of our world. The Pessimistic Induction expressed in Kuhn's remark has been extensively discussed in the philosophy of science but heretofore without a synoptic critical examination. Drawing on both the history and the philosophy of science, this book presents a detailed exploration of the Pessimistic Induction and defends an optimistic, yet not necessarily realist, view of an important class of current scientific knowledge claims.
As legislation continues to evolve and the stigma surrounding addiction persists, new findings on the impact of substances on the brain are an important public issue. This second edition integrates major developments in human and animal neuroscience to explain how addictive substances and behaviors reshape brain circuits governing reward, stress, habit formation, and self-control. New and enhanced coverage addresses individual differences-including age, sex, stress, pain, comorbidity, and emerging substances-as well as advances in neuroimaging, genetics, and treatment science. Students are supported by learning objectives, real-world examples and applications, review questions, and further reading lists, equipping them with the conceptual tools needed to understand vulnerability, persistence, relapse, and recovery in addiction. Instructors have access to supplementary resources, including lecture slides, review questions and answers, and a test bank.
Many of the accounts of argumentation and deliberation available in the literature paint an overly idealized picture of these processes, assuming agents with no cognitive limitations and largely cooperative settings where all participants have a similar social standing and shared goals. This book breaks away from these idealized accounts; it investigates how reason and power interact in argumentative processes by focusing on the effects upon these processes of power differentials, conflicts of interests, and the cognitive limitations of human agents. It seeks to investigate the limits of discursive rationality, thus moderating unrestricted optimism on the power of reason, while also recognizing the important role that rational arguments play in various domains (science, politics, education). Its extensive use of real-life examples ensures that the analysis remain grounded in concrete situations, and facilitates the reader's understanding of the main theoretical framework developed throughout the book.
In a political era marked by mass public gatherings – from school encampments to streets thick with crowds – why have some counted as protests, while others have been dismissed as senseless riots? Unruly Acts argues that common ideas of protest underestimate the crucial role that public audiences play in making sense of street gatherings and, as a result, misconceive the politics of protest. Drawing on original archival research about two controversial gatherings challenging police brutality and anti-immigrant nativism, Stacey Liou elucidates the agonistic dynamics by which a protest's meanings are created – in protesters' words and deeds, and by disagreements between protesters and audiences as well as audiences themselves. These public acts, interpretations, and disagreements, the book shows, are conditioned by material, collective, and affective criteria of protest. Unruly Acts is a timely examination of the politics of interpretation and the contested social relations that lie at the heart of protest.
This groundbreaking exploration of twenty-first century African American literature and culture addresses crucial topics from Hurricane Katrina and Black Lives Matter to hip hop, Black comics, and film and introduces a vast range of important literary and cultural works. Focused on portrayals of exceptional Black prominence and everyday Black precarity, this volume powerfully completes the examination of Black America's rich and profound cultural heritage in the African American Literature in Transition series. Each chapter emphasizes how twenty-first century literary and cultural works build upon, reconsider, and transition from the work of previous generations and delineates the characteristics and contours of twenty-first century African American literature and culture. Engaging and accessible to scholars and students alike, each chapter relates twenty-first century Black cultural production to contemporary Black experience and to inherited cultural and traumatic legacies, including slavery, segregation, and the Civil Rights, Black Power, and Black Arts movements.
Women working in physics navigate unique challenges that your male colleagues rarely have to consider. This practical, research-based guide will help you tackle the various issues you are likely to encounter during your education and career in academia or industry. With each chapter focusing on a specific problem, the guidance is presented in a question-and-answer format that allows you to navigate directly to the advice you need. Chapters address a broad range of challenges, from thriving as a student and interviewing for jobs to improving self-confidence and timing maternity leave. Focus is placed on immediate and practical advice with the intention of constructing a positive framework that helps you improve your circumstances in an imperfect environment. Enriched with advice and stories from a group of women physicists with diverse experiences, the book provides you with the necessary tools and support for continuing your journey with confidence.
Shakespeare Survey is a yearbook of Shakespeare studies and production. Since 1948, Survey has published the best international scholarship in English and many of its essays have become classics of Shakespeare criticism. Each volume is devoted to a theme, or play, or group of plays; each also contains a section of reviews of that year's textual and critical studies and of the year's major British performances. The theme for Volume 79 is 'Late Shakespeare'. The complete set of Survey volumes is also available online as part of Cambridge Shakespeare: www.cambridge.org/core/publications/collections/cambridge-shakespeare.
Poetics of Piety in Early Modern Italy offers a thematic genealogical study of the lyric as a site of devotion in early modern Italy. Drawing on a vast and heterogeneous archive of spiritual verse, this book casts an extended gaze on poets both well and scarcely known whose oeuvre and biography offer intriguing windows into the interplay of art and life. Building on the work of scholars in literature, history, art history, religion, and philosophy, Sarah Rolfe Prodan approaches the devotional lyric as a favored location and privileged instrument of personal and divine encounters. She elucidates early modern sacramental poetics in the light of epistemological shifts ushered in by projects of religious reform and expansion and by the birth pangs of modern science. Poetics of Piety in Early Modern Italy complements existing scholarship by going beyond the usual questions of form, style, genre, and gender to address the broader non-materialist, non-dualist worldview exemplified in the religious verse itself.
This book presents an interdisciplinary survey at the intersection of music, creativity, and medicine. Featuring contributions from medical doctors, psychologists, and musicians, it surveys thought-provoking findings in the music-medical borderlands. Experts in neuroscience explore the cerebral underpinnings of music, from auditory-motor interactions, to rhythm, to the role of music in therapy, epilepsy, and cognitive disorders. Case studies describe medical biographies of musical masters, including Beethoven's deafness, Schumann's deterioration, Ravel's dementia, and Gershwin's brain tumor. There are accompanying studio recordings from the volume editors. Students, researchers, or anyone interested in the new frontiers of music in medicine will find original cross-disciplinary connections in this volume.
Will Kaufman now brings his award-winning cultural history up to the present: to a USA poised on the brink of autocracy under Donald Trump and the MAGA movement. His second instalment explores songs from all genres that respond to war, racism, sexism, terrorism, the climate emergency and political oppression: including the crisis of Trumpism itself. The struggles of the American project have always, the author reveals, been sung into history; and his aim is to preserve and continue this venerable tradition. The musical sweep is broad. It includes Indigenous and immigrant songs, the Broadway musical, opera, symphonic music, swing, bebop, free jazz, avant-garde and electronica, Puerto Rican and Hawaiian resistance anthems, Mexican corridos, blues, rock, soul, country, folk, gospel, punk, riot grrrl, heavy metal, disco, hip-hop, rap, and reggaeton. Revealing the myriad ways in which American song reflects the fight for social and political justice, it is an essential intervention.
Surrogacy is a rapidly evolving global phenomenon that raises profound legal, ethical, and social questions. This book offers a pioneering Rights-Based Pyramid Approach, balancing adults' rights through liberty, equality, and vulnerability, to secure the best interests of children at the centre. Drawing on extensive empirical research in Sri Lanka, alongside comparative analysis of India and the UK, it provides a uniquely context-sensitive perspective on how surrogacy laws can and should respond to real-world challenges. A distinctive feature of this book is its examination of how one country's laws impact surrogacy both within and beyond national borders, shaping practices, markets, and policy responses across regions. Written in clear, accessible language, the book bridges academic and practical debates, making it essential reading for students, researchers, and professionals in law, bioethics, gender studies, social policy, sociology, psychology, and public health, as well as policymakers and practitioners seeking a comprehensive yet practical guide.
Focusing on democracy studies, this Element considers the different ways in which scholars have responded to fundamental conceptual and theoretical choices in the field and, drawing mainly on various metatheoretical ideas, suggests that some positions are better justified than others. It emphasizes the perils of maximalist definitions of democracy and argues against an aggregative, additive conception of democracy that does not recognize qualitative distinctions. It questions the assignment of causal primacy to economic, cultural, or political factors in explanations of democracy, and stresses the importance of causal interactions and reciprocal causation. It makes a case for modeling the temporal heterogeneity of causal relations. It favors explanations that incorporate causal mechanisms through multi-level models. It also sees the integration of specific models of democracy as a promising path to theoretical unification. In short, it scrutinizes several foundational ideas in democracy studies and proposes a reconstruction of the field's theoretical foundations.