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While existing qualitative, case-study methods deliver specific explanations, quantitative approaches to causal inference emphasize valid inferences at the expense of explanations. In this book, David Waldner presents a hybrid method drawing on both approaches to ensure that explanations are based on validly inferred causes and to avoid making valid inferences that have limited explanatory power. Qualitative Causal Inference and Explanation integrates a qualitative identification strategy based on graph-theoretic analysis into traditional process-tracing methods by introducing three novel methodological concepts: hypothetical interventions, invariant causal mechanisms, and event-history maps. This new approach provides clear and feasible standards for making valid, unit-level causal inferences. The result is a groundbreaking approach to explaining complex social and political phenomena, one that better avoids false positives while providing explanations that satisfy the criteria of explanatory depth, density, relevance, and unification.
As learning is the purpose of teaching, learning theory ought to provide a strong theoretical basis for pedagogical practice. But learning theorists do not speak with one voice, and education has struggled for generations with multiple learning theories developed across the various branches of psychology. Looking back at this history reveals a hidden imperative to characterize learning as a unified construct – a drive that has blinded us to the simplest and most obvious solution to the problem of multiple learning theories. That solution is to recruit separate theorizations of learning to the long-established educational goals of teaching skills, teaching concepts, and teaching cultural practices. Employing this strategy, Genres of Teaching delivers a stable and cumulative knowledge base for teaching.
When a chatbot lies about an airline's bereavement policy, who is to blame? When an AI-generated painting wins a state art competition, what does it mean to be a creator? Our relationship with artificial intelligence is not just technical; it's profoundly human. Smarter Together is your essential guide to the hidden psychology behind the AI revolution. Drawing on insights from neuroscience, behavioral science, and their popular NYU courses, the authors reveal how intelligent systems are designed to mirror our thinking, feeling, and decision-making. Through unforgettable case studies, this book unpacks the new equations of trust, the cognitive biases that shape our choices, and the cultural forces defining AI's promise and challenge. Moving from theory to practice, it provides a vital toolkit for designing and marketing AI products that augment, rather than replace, human intelligence.
Demobilising the Far Right focuses on dynamics of mobilisation, counter-mobilisation, and state coercion to offer a new comparative study of far-right demonstration campaigns across Austria, England, and Germany from 1990–2020. With rigorous qualitative comparative analysis and process-tracing case studies, the book explores what factors drive the demobilisation of far-right movements and the critical role of state and societal responses. By examining key far-right groups like the British National Party and the German People's Union, it sheds light on a crucial yet underexplored area of social movement theory. Combining innovative methodology with rich empirical analysis, Demobilising the Far Right provides vital insights for understanding political violence, extremism, and protest movements as well as how states and social actors respond, and the implications for democratic societies.
Progress in the social sciences entails developing and improving theoretical understanding of social phenomena and improving methods for collecting and analyzing data. Theories organize what we know or expect to learn about phenomena and methods provide the evidential basis for the theories. While we have witnessed great strides in the development of statistical methods, there is less information for developing theories. In Developing Theories in the Social Sciences, Jane Sell and Murray Webster Jr. describe an approach for logical, consistent, and useful explanatory theories for social scientists. They emphasize properly defining concepts to embed in theoretical propositions, while providing guidelines for avoiding missteps that can occur, including imprecise definitions, incomplete assumptions, and missing scope conditions. Offering examples from different disciplines, the authors propose a structured method vital for building and refining theories about social phenomena.
Quantitative easing (QE) is a relatively new form of monetary policy whereby a central bank buys up government bonds and other financial assets to stimulate economic activity. It came to prominence in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-11 when standard monetary policy tools were unavailable to central banks due to low inflation levels. Quantitative tightening (QT) is the opposite whereby central banks sell off bonds and assets to reduce the size of their balance sheets. Quantitative Easing and Tightening brings together leading academics and practitioners to assess the legacy of quantitative easing and look at where new quantitative tightening measures may take us. It examines three of the most important actors in the QE/QT story: the Bank of England, the European Central Bank and the US Federal Reserve to provide an overview of the effectiveness, governance, and fiscal costs of quantitative easing and tightening.
Now in its second edition, this handbook is a comprehensive and up-to-date resource that explores the applications of corpus-based research in linguistics. Since the first edition, corpus linguistics has evolved dramatically, and this edition has been fully updated to reflect these developments, with new chapters on emerging areas such as online language, legal discourse, and lexical complexity in learner language. Bringing together contributions from leading scholars, it critically evaluates methodologies, presents cutting-edge research, and includes empirical case studies that showcase corpus analysis in action. Each chapter surveys key studies, assesses methodological strengths and weaknesses, and highlights what corpus linguistics has uncovered about language variation and use. Covering topics ranging from phraseology to World Englishes, it serves as an essential reference for linguistics students, researchers, and educators. Whether you're new to corpus linguistics or an experienced scholar, this handbook provides valuable insights into the evolving role of corpora in linguistic research.
This book examines how the capability approach offers fresh ways to think about work, well-being, and social justice. It argues that work should not only provide income but also empower people to achieve their life goals, develop skills, and participate fully in society. Drawing on research and real-world examples, Jac van der Klink and Sebastiaan Rothmann show how organisations and policies can enhance employees' health, satisfaction, and capabilities. The chapters explore how human resource management, public administration, and organisational leadership can create fairer workplaces by removing barriers that limit potential, improving the quality of work, and ensuring access to opportunities for all. A key theme is equity: work should reduce disparities and foster inclusion across gender, socio-economic, and cultural divides. Timely and relevant, the text appeals to academics, practitioners, policymakers, and advocates seeking practical ways to make work more meaningful. This title is also available Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The Neandertals (Homo neanderthalensis) are an extinct human species closely related to modern humans. They have the most extensive and well-documented fossil record of any fossil human group, allowing for a detailed understanding of their skeletal anatomy. This book offers a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge on Neandertals, presenting an in-depth exploration of their paleobiology through both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Contributions from leading experts provide detailed examinations of specific anatomical regions, ensuring authoritative and meticulously researched content. Each chapter integrates cutting-edge findings, drawing from extensive research and publication histories. This volume serves as an essential resource for advanced students, scholars, and professionals in anthropology, paleontology, and related fields. Whether as a comprehensive reference or a teaching tool, it is indispensable for those interested in the intricate study of Neandertal anatomy, evolution, and their place in human history.
Wittgenstein once said that his aim was to make the philosophical problems 'completely disappear', a remark that has baffled philosophers ever since. In this book, Sorin Bangu reconstructs and defends Wittgenstein's unusual idea, and applies it to the traditional problems in philosophy of mathematics, setting out and explaining the subtleties of what is considered the most difficult area of Wittgenstein's views. He also considers how, according to the later Wittgenstein, we should think of the relation between philosophy and mathematics, articulating Wittgenstein's 'normativist' dissolution strategy and explaining his 'therapeutic' vision of the relation between the two disciplines. His book shows how these controversial views sit within the context of current debates in the philosophy of mathematics, and mounts a detailed and convincing defence of the radical eliminative claim – that philosophy of mathematics after Wittgenstein is devoid of its traditional problems.
Eight United Nations human rights treaty bodies (UNTBs) can currently examine 'communications' (complaints) from individuals against states. This edited collection is the first in-depth analysis of the evidentiary regimes developed within this procedure. Nine case studies underscore the weak evidentiary basis of the UNTB decisions and the importance of addressing this issue, while the final chapter offers a set of practical recommendations. Grounded in academic research and legal practice, the volume incorporates doctrinal, critical, socio-legal, and anthropological perspectives. It provides an authoritative reference on UNTBs, whilst aiming at contributing to the strengthening of their evidentiary norms and practices. The title is also available open access on Cambridge Core.
Analysing the past two decades of literature on Holocaust memory and migration stories, Agnes Mueller engages with writers such as W. G. Sebald, Thomas Bernhard, Edgar Hilsenrath, Benjamin Stein, Mirna Funk, Fred Wander, Barbara Honigmann, Julia Franck, Sasha Marianna Salzmann, Olga Grjasnowa, and Kat Kaufmann to explore current debates on Israel, the German Democratic Republic, gender, Jewish and Muslim identity, and antisemitism. Her new readings of German-language texts by younger authors present robust challenges to entrenched ideas concerning the singularity of the Holocaust, multidirectional memory, and a range of other memory debates. Jewish identity and Muslim identity are shown in direct conversation with other migrants' experiences, and literature is revealed to be a brave space where Holocaust memory is newly imagined. Mueller's study invites a radically new way to think about the Holocaust and sheds new and valuable light on adjacent contemporary discourses.
Studies of early modern English drama in print and performance have often prioritized – or even fetishized – first editions and first performances. Challenging ingrained assumptions about chronology, this collection focuses critical attention on the various ways that Renaissance drama was repeated and renewed. Ranging widely across the period, from the 1580s to the early 1700s, the chapters examine canonical plays and authors-including Shakespeare and Ben Jonson-outside of the contexts in which they are ordinarily viewed. The chapters also demonstrates the significance of texts, authors, and forms of evidence that have been critically neglected, from lost plays and music manuscripts to playgoers' diaries and multi-author 'nonce' anthologies. As a whole, the collection opens up new areas of study and offers fresh perspectives on questions of temporality, commerce, aesthetics, agency, and canon-formation.
In the history of Western music, no single figure has been as closely tied to the Enlightenment as Beethoven: he is regarded as the composer who embodies ideals such as freedom and humanism that many celebrate as the Enlightenment's legacy. This view, however, rests on a very narrow conception of the Enlightenment that aggressively stresses secularism and political liberalism. More recent historical research has shown that the Enlightenment's outlook on political and religious issues was more diverse and nuanced than traditional accounts have depicted it. The essays in this volume consider how new ways of thinking about the Enlightenment can alter the way we understand Beethoven and his music. By rethinking Beethoven and the Enlightenment, this book questions the Beethoven we know in both the popular and scholarly imagination and redefines the role the composer plays in the history of Western music.
This book examines the neglected role of religion in the British Army in an era of rapid and far-reaching change. Covering the Cold War, the end of empire, seismic shifts in Britain's cultural and religious landscape, and the dramatic shrinkage of the armed forces, Michael Snape reveals religion's abiding importance at an institutional, individual and operational level. He explores the religious contexts of the Army's warfighting, counterinsurgency and peacekeeping operations, including the Korean, Falklands and Gulf Wars; the 'Emergencies' in Malaya, Kenya and Cyprus; the Northern Ireland conflict; UN and NATO operations in the Balkans; and Iraq and Afghanistan after 9/11. He also charts the religious responses of British soldiers to allies, adversaries and civilian populations. This is a unique and significant contribution to our understanding of the secularisation of British society, the social and cultural history of the British Army, and religion and war in the contemporary world.
This book addresses a critical gap in higher education by offering evidence-based strategies to reduce mathematics anxiety in non-specialist university students. Grounded in original research, Meena Mehta Kotecha introduces an interdisciplinary, theory-driven and student-informed pedagogical intervention that has been empirically tested and positively received. Drawing on insights from psychology, sociology, neuroscience, and education, the book equips educators with inclusive, practical tools to build resilience, foster confidence, and support emotional wellbeing in mathematically anxious students. It also presents a unique overarching theoretical framework that enriches both teaching practice and academic research. Ideal for academic libraries serving education, psychology, social science, statistics and mathematics departments, this volume supports lecturers, teaching fellows, education developers, and researchers seeking to create more compassionate and effective learning environments. With its accessible language and cross-disciplinary relevance, it is a valuable resource for anyone committed to improving student engagement and success in quantitative courses.
Much contemporary psychology is characterized by a natural science epistemology that overlooks the richness of human experience. This book offers a timely and necessary critique and emphasizes a conception of human beings as persons embedded in relationships, cultural groups, and historical contexts. Eva Magnusson and Jeanne Marecek provide strategies for critical reflective scrutiny of contemporary psychological theories and practices. Using 'styles of thinking' as one of their conceptual tools, they investigate whether, and how, theories, research methods, and debates across subfields such as cognition, language, and psychopathology take people's situatedness into account. The book gives readers practical guidance for conceptual analysis, and a set of questions for scrutinizing other subfields and practices. It also describes research methods and projects based on a view of humans as situated persons. The book offers both a philosophical foundation and a hands-on guide to a psychology with persons at its center.