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This book explains variations in the effectiveness of vote buying. Current theory assumes that vote buying is effective, rotting democracy's foundations. Yet, evidence shows that it rarely succeeds. Against the Machine presents a partisan competition theory to explain why buying vote choices is typically ineffective, the conditions under which it occasionally succeeds, and why it persists despite meager electoral returns. Competitive elections arm voters with the psychological wherewithal to resist the influence of electoral gifts, deprive political machines of the information they need to target compliant clients, and reinforce belief in ballot secrecy. The success or failure of vote buying thus relies more on the capacity of opposition parties to compete rather than the prowess of political machines. Against the Machine provides a new account of vote buying that paints a more optimistic portrait of elections, voter behavior, and the chances for political accountability in new democracies.
An updated second edition of the popular 'red book' revision aid, developed specifically for those preparing for the Final FFICM structured oral examination. Written and edited by three consultant intensivists and designed in the style of the viva, it provides model answers which feature summaries of the relevant evidence to guide trainees in their preparation for the exam. The 98 topics and questions specifically tackle clinical aspects of the exam and each chapter is structured to facilitate productive revision. Core concepts are expanded to ensure detailed explanations, and enhanced by figures and tables to promote visual learning. Now featuring seven new chapters, this text is an invaluable revision aid to those studying for the Final FFICM and, more widely, trainees revising for the Final FRCA, as it covers popular and commonly occurring ICM topics featuring in the anaesthetic fellowship exams.
How are the humanities transformed in the digital era? This book describes the transformation of the humanities by the largest shifts in the production of knowledge since the printing press. It addresses a wide range of disciplines, providing a history of those shifts and how humanists have responded to them. It argues that we are all digital humanists now, since we are all addressed by an era of pervasive digital research, reading, teaching, and learning. This book provides a history of digital transformations in the humanities since the first computers, defines the digital humanities through specific communities, conversations, tactics, and intersections, and poses the key questions of the field. Rather than particular technologies or tools, this Introduction centers on the lasting intellectual objects, methods, and concerns of the humanities from the late medieval period to the explosive growth of generative AI.
Philosophical problems fundamentally infuse the theory and practice of astronomy. Bringing together fifteen historians, eleven philosophers, and four pioneering scientists, this volume provides a rigorous yet largely accessible examination of the conceptual and methodological challenges that lie at the intersection of philosophy and astronomy – broadly construed to include astrophysics, cosmology, space science, and astrobiology. Drawing largely on interdisciplinary advances from the past two centuries, the book's chapters tackle metaphysical inquiries into the fundamental nature of reality, the limits of reasoning, the problematic nature of observation and inference, the role of technology, and the epistemology of concepts such as space, time, life, and intelligence. Discussions are anchored to fascinating theories and examples from the 'canals' of Mars to exoplanets, black holes, dark matter, and the multiverse. Written primarily for practicing scientists, this volume will also serve historians and philosophers of science, as well as the curious general reader.
This volume argues that the rise of the far right in Latin America represents a reactionary response to the partial success of democratic regimes in incorporating historically marginalized groups. Despite persistent inequalities, Latin American democracies have gradually weakened the dominance of traditional elites over majority–minority relations, creating fertile ground for a backlash against political, social and cultural change. Like their counterparts in Europe and the United States, far-right actors in the region resist adapting to ongoing transformations, instead invoking an idealized national past and mobilizing exclusionary ethnic, cultural, and political appeals to construct a radically homogeneous community. This volume employs a theoretical framework informed by contemporary debates on the far right in Europe and the United States and brings together leading scholars to examine key country cases across Latin America. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Seeds of Solidarity is a study of British Guiana amid a wave of Caribbean uprisings that brought modern politics to colonial spaces during the 1930s. It explores the historical power of a movement forged by people at the edges of empire during economic, political, and environmental crises. African- and Indian-Guianese youth, women, and men who worked on sugar plantations led a series of labor uprisings, despite attempts to turn these racialized communities against each other. Rather than erasing identities, their 'overlapping diasporas' signify how solidary can emerge without sameness, and how this process challenged the British Empire and reshaped Caribbean politics. This important work unites Caribbean history, African Diaspora and South Asian Diaspora studies, histories of racial capitalism and labor movements, gender studies, and the politics of colonialism and empire in the post-indenture period. It offers a model of resistance in today's era of deepening racial and economic inequality, fascism, and climate emergency.
Despite widespread reforms in recent years, expanded social welfare programs in Global South democracies still fail to reach many of those who need them most. Persistent Citizens draws on original focus group data from Brazil and Argentina to develop a new concept of 'state-centric persistence' to explain these gaps in access. State-centric persistence-unmediated, individualized pursuit of state benefits-is increasingly important in the Global South. The book connects existing research on claim making and administrative burden to argue that self-efficacy, entitlement, and indignation encourage persistence. It analyzes original survey data to show evidence that these attitudes, along with knowledge of social rights, are associated with greater persistence. Persistent Citizens centers the experiences of poor citizens to offer an individual-level theory that contributes to our understanding of what influences social policy access across the globe.
Positioned at the crossroads of global and military history, this volume makes a major contribution to the cultural and social history of war and its aftermath. Cabanes and Givens bring together a team of leading experts to offer an interlaced history of the two world wars, covering time periods, topics and spaces traditionally treated in isolation. They examine how these armed conflicts engendered new confrontations and encounters; forged and severed transnational networks and pathways; propelled people, ideas, knowledge, and practices across and within political boundaries; and triggered complex and contested memory-making. By rethinking the relationship between military and global history, the authors encourage readers to consider the broader impact of war on twentieth century history, from international law and humanitarianism, to race and the environment. This ambitious reframing showcases the most innovative efforts to globalize the history of the world wars and provides fertile ground for future research.
This new scholarly edition presents Henry James's breakthrough work, 'Daisy Miller', in the context of his remarkable output as a short-story writer in the five years from 1874 to 1879. The collection includes several little-known and rarely republished tales, which show the surprising breadth of James's writing practice during this period. Spanning a variety of American and European settings and encompassing a range of narrative modes from Hawthornesque romance to photographic realism, these tales offer fascinating insights into the thematic and stylistic development of James's mature work. The volume includes a substantial Introduction which discusses the stories' composition, publication and contemporary reception, as well as their 'afterlives' on stage and screen. Detailed annotations offer unparalleled insights into the historical and cultural contexts of the works, while a complete textual apparatus displays variants between different published and manuscript versions of the texts.
Exactly a decade after the publication of the Sz.-Nagy Dilation Theorem, Tsuyoshi Andô proved that, just like for a single contractive operator, every commuting pair of Hilbert-space contractions can be lifted to a commuting isometric pair. Although the inspiration for Andô's proof comes from the elegant construction of Schäffer for the single-variable case, his proof did not shed much light on the explicit nature of the dilation operators and the dilation space as did the original Schäffer and Douglas constructions for a single contraction. Consequently, there has been little follow-up in the direction of a more systematic extension of the Sz.-Nagy–Foias dilation and model theory to the bi-variate setting. Sixty years since the appearance of Andô's first step comes this thorough systematic treatment of a dilation and model theory for pairs of commuting contractions.
Prevention of an erosion of the rule of law is of utmost importance for democracy, because once autocratization begins, only one in five democracies manage to avert breakdown. This book offers a means of protecting the rule of law and counteracting its misuse for illiberal purpose. It analyses inherent anomalies that occur in so-called consolidated democracies, and the responses where the rule of law is seriously undermined. Only by identifying legal imperfections and addressing them, can crises of liberal democracies be avoided. András Sajó provides new theoretical and practical perspectives on legal positivism and legal interpretation. Making the rule of law more robust and its restoration successful requires an innovative, more militant approach to the rule of law. This book proves that unorthodox legal solutions can satisfy rule of law expectations. Otherwise, legality becomes a suicide pact for democracy. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
What is tradition in American constitutional law, and what is its enduring appeal in American culture? In The Constitution of Practice, Marc O. DeGirolami presents and defends his theory of constitutional law, one rooted in our political, legal, and cultural experience. He argues that constitutional traditions are the ways in which we manifest, give concrete form to, and transmit political excellence across time. He explains how traditions also bind us to one another, strengthening the civic affection necessary to a democratic republic. Responding to several criticisms, the author discusses the relationship of constitutional method and American politics, evaluating traditionalism's political adhesion and its prospects in the coming decades. At a time when Americans increasingly do not trust their institutions, DeGirolami explores how a traditionalist approach to the Constitution can begin to repair the disaffection that many now feel for their legal institutions.
This book reveals how Congress quietly shaped American elections across more than a century of constitutional development. Far from a passive observer, Congress used its authority to influence key controversies – from the expansion of slavery in new territories to the reconstruction of the post-Civil War electorate. Congress exercised power under the Elections Clause, the Guarantee Clause, and later, the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, to combat voter suppression, reimagine representation, and determine who could (and could not) participate in American democracy. Even as Jim Crow laws disenfranchised millions, Congress continued to review and sometimes overturn the elections of its own members, refusing to cede complete control to the states. In doing so, Congress routinely subordinated federalism to politics. In Congress We Trust? provides a new perspective on who truly governs our system of elections by showing that federal authority has been broad, lasting, and decisive.
Millions of individuals worldwide struggle to understand and assert their legal rights without legal representation. Equalizing Justice examines how AI and other technologies can address this access to justice crisis by providing unrepresented litigants with knowledge and skills traditionally available only through lawyers. This volume takes a needs-first approach, identifying tasks that unrepresented litigants must complete and mapping specific technologies to each task, such as generative AI, computational logic, and document automation. The book highlights real-world applications, demonstrating proven impact, and presents case studies and interviews to explore both the potential positive outcomes and potential challenges of AI for access to justice. Equalizing Justice proves that AI technologies offer unprecedented opportunities to create equitable justice systems serving everyone, not just those who can afford representation. The volume argues for legal AI assistants as a public good that should be accessible to all.