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The second Silk Roads Era, c.400–1000 CE, was a transformative period in world history. In this engaging holistic analysis, Craig Benjamin explores the developments that made it possible. Utilizing an extensive range of sources, he explores the consequences of Islamic expansion and the gripping contest that ensued between Chinese, Turkic, Tibetan and Muslim armies. Readers follow the generals who fought for control of Inner Asia, travels with the Sogdian and Muslim caravans that traversed challenging land routes, and voyages on sturdy commercial vessels that sailed enormous distances across the Indian Ocean Basin. The study also highlights two key events of the mid-eighth century, the Battle of Talas and the An Lushan Rebellion, which had devastating consequences. Benjamin demonstrates how this history still resonates in the region today, and how much the past continues to shape the present and future of our world.
This book focuses on the lives and circumstances of clerics' wives and female partners in western Europe in the four centuries before 1200 – that is, before 'celibacy' (singleness and sexual continence) became an expectation for churchmen in major orders. In the first and only book to center on clerics' wives and women across Europe, archival evidence reveals what has until now been a virtually unknown category of medieval woman: women married to, or living with, bishops, priests, or other clerics. Throughout, case studies establish a concrete historical record of individual clerical female partners, dramatically increasing the number of known clerics' wives and women, and highlighting the types of sources and contexts that are most likely to preserve evidence for their presence and activities. In so doing, the book challenges not only the presumed “invisibility” of these women in medieval sources, but also the idea that their presence was deemed scandalous or out of place within the surrounding community.
Jack Boss's third book on the most famous member of the 'second Viennese School', this work offers an intriguing revisionist history of Schoenberg's early music. It provides close readings of six pieces from Op. 1 to Op. 9, illustrated by detailed motivic analyses as well as Schenkerian graphs, to show how tonality and motive work together to project the 'musical idea,' and how Schoenberg's tonal style gradually became more dissonant, leading to atonality. Boss's earlier books argued that the atonal and twelve-tone works were part of a consistent development tied together by the expression of a common narrative-the conflict, elaboration, and resolution of what Schoenberg himself called the 'idea.' This book completes the circle by showing that the early, tonal works also project musical idea narratives. It justifies Schoenberg's preference for setting music to text early in his career, by showing how his chosen texts helped shape these narratives of conflict and resolution.
Older than the pyramids, Sumerian was used in ancient Mesopotamia (Southern Iraq). It is probably the world's first written language, and survives on clay tablets in the cuneiform script, dating from c.3000 BCE to the beginning of the Common Era. It abounds in simple inscriptions, ideal for beginners, but also boasts a wealth of more advanced writings, such as fascinating mythological poetry. This comprehensive textbook equips students to read the full range of texts – including the special variety of the language known as Emesal. Drawing on the authors' experience in the classroom, it uses intuitive terminology and also makes extensive use of diagrams, which unravel the language's structures in an easy-to-learn way. The examples and readings are all taken from original sources. The learning journey is further supported by exercises (with key), a full sign list and glossary, and online recordings with 'approximate pronunciations'.
George Herbert – poet, orator, and preacher – was formed, enchanted, and yet ultimately disappointed by rhetoric. In this first book-length study of his complicated relationship with the discipline, nineteen chapters by leading Herbert scholars examine his achievements and continuing legacies, filling gaps and looking beyond critical commonplaces about his 'paradoxical' or 'self-consuming' relationship with language to the personal, institutional, religious, philosophical and political contexts of that relationship. The resulting collection interweaves Herbert studies with the latest scholarship on rhetoric's foundational importance to Renaissance humanism, to the biblical culture of post-Reformation England, and to early modern literature. This is a thoroughgoing reappraisal of Herbert's rhetorical art, placing one of early Stuart England's most sumptuous – and yet one of its plainest – writers at the centre of debate over Renaissance eloquence.
This book is an up-to-date introduction to the Hamiltonian dynamics of the Solar System and planetary systems in general. The first half focuses on the essentials of Hamiltonian dynamics, the indispensable theoretical framework for modern celestial mechanics. The second half deals specifically with the Solar System through two key strategies: canonical perturbation theory and numerical simulation using symplectic integration. These powerful methods are relevant to many areas of investigation, including the evolution of the Solar System and the thousands of exoplanets which have recently come into view. The final chapter focuses on a particularly exciting, if controversial, application-the prediction of a ninth planet orbiting at a great distance from the Sun. The book should appeal to advanced students and researchers in physics and astronomy looking to develop their understanding of the Hamiltonian framework. It is accompanied by an electronic supplement prepared using both Wolfram® and Python.
The book contains eleven chapters of original research whose objects of study span the fields of literary and cultural production, from novels, poetry, and plays to music, television, and film. This multimedia context is essential for understanding the development of African American literature in the 1990s, and each chapter provides an ample bibliography of primary and secondary sources for interdisciplinary study of the decade. The book's conceptual coherence is enhanced by dividing the eleven chapters into three thematic clusters: 'Culture, Commerce, and Criticism,' 'Gender, Genre, and Generations,' and 'Poetry, Performance, and Parody.' These clusters draw connections not only between their constituent chapters but also across media and bibliographies, bringing literary, historical, discursive, and cultural analysis to bear on the Black 1990s. The book's rationale and structure are clearly described in the introduction, which doubles as an outline of each chapter's argument and place within the volume.
This second edition provides a comprehensive and unified presentation of the theory and applications of first-passage processes. It begins by developing the phenomenology from basic principles and illustrating it via the first-passage properties of the interval, the semi-infinite line, spherical geometries, unbounded domains, and bounded two-dimensional domains. Dedicated sections describe first-passage processes in many types of systems, including complete and nearly complete graphs, the Erdős-Renyi graph, the Cayley tree, and hierarchical networks. The new edition has been substantially revised and expanded to include new sections on the martingale method, heterogeneity, and other important concepts. A wide range of new applications are discussed, such as queueing, birth-death reactions, the Polya urn, resetting, chemoreception, search processes, and the 'hot hand' paradox. The book's accessible style makes it a valuable resource for researchers and students in statistical and mathematical physics, chemistry, engineering, and all other fields in which first-passage problems arise.
Political parties are often seen as guarantors of democratic accountability. Yet their internal decisions over who may run for office can have pernicious consequences for the quality of representation. Severed Connections reframes our understanding of democratic dysfunction by tracing how politics inside parties shapes whether elected officials are attentive to their constituents, well before voters cast a ballot. Drawing on Kenya as a central case, with comparisons across democratic Africa and beyond, the book argues that party leaders use control over candidate selection to balance two competing objectives: winning elections and consolidating power within the party. They resolve this tension strategically, nominating voter-oriented candidates in competitive districts and loyal insiders in party strongholds. These choices leave citizens in strongholds systematically underserved - not because institutions are weak or voters are uninformed, but because the party decided their legislators' priorities long before election day. Severed Connections places the internal life of political parties at the center of how democratic representation succeeds or fails.
The third edition of Latin America in Colonial Times is a thoroughly revised, argument driven textbook that details the meeting of three great civilizations on American soil in the sixteenth century. Matthew Restall and Kris Lane invite readers to engage with colonial Latin America as historians do – through interpretation, debate, and evidence, showing how colonial societies were constructed through encounter, conflict, and collaboration. The new edition has been revised and refined page by page, engaging closely with the latest and most dynamic scholarship. It models how to analyze sources, weigh competing explanations, and connect local case studies to broader historical questions. Spanning from the rise of empires in the fifteenth century to their collapse in the nineteenth, the chapters draw on the latest scholarship on Spain, Portugal, Atlantic Africa, and Latin America, with particular attention to Indigenous, African, and women's experiences.
Secularism is a subject that occupies a pivotal presence in the religious, political, and theoretical debates taking place across the Arab world, especially in view of democracy's failure to entrench itself and replace authoritarian regimes, be they republican or monarchical. The periodic outbreaks of sectarian strife and their disastrous consequences illustrate the tragic absence of an official, firmly established system of secular rules and institutions. Nonetheless, secularism has been making notable progress across the Arab landscape. Slowly but steadily, new and influential voices can be heard praising the benefits of a secular way of life. An obsolete option three decades ago, secularism now attracts the considered attention of statesmen, scholars, and observers of Middle Eastern affairs. Covering a range of topics, including state building, emancipation of women, and religious reform, Youssef Choueri provides an insightful overview of the emergence of secularism in the Arab world from ca. 1800 to 2025.
Multiple-choice questions are a cornerstone of postgraduate medical education, valued for their reliability, efficiency, and ability to assess a wide range of clinical knowledge. This innovative book offers over 2,200 advanced, evidence-based questions, peer-reviewed and aligned with international clinical guidelines and contemporary research. Complementing OSCEs in Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, it provides a unique and comprehensive resource for trainees preparing for certification, as well as for clinicians and educators seeking topic-specific, high-quality questions. Designed to support self-assessment, peer learning, and teaching across multiple levels, this book helps readers deepen their understanding of medical and clinical sciences essential to patient care and professional competence.
A celebrity in his own time, Handel remains popular with performers, music-lovers and scholars today. The specially commissioned contributions to this volume will enable students, teachers and concert-goers to better appreciate his music through a deeper understanding of the world in which he lived. The chapters focus on key aspects of the composer's career within the different social, political, cultural and musical contexts he experienced in Britain and Europe. They explore Handel's lifestyle and his personal and professional relationships; the various musical establishments for which he worked; the styles, practices and personnel that shaped his compositions; and the influence, reception and legacy of his music during and since his lifetime. Writing from a variety of perspectives, authors shed light on each topic while helping readers to navigate the breadth of recent scholarship. This book is an essential reference work for anybody studying Handel's music or that of his eighteenth-century contemporaries.
In Adam, Eve, and the Babylonian Origins of the Garden of Eden, Bruce Wells uncovers remarkable similarities between Adam and Eve and the oblates who worked for Babylonian temples of the sixth century BCE. Like Adam and Eve, oblates had to tend and protect divine orchards. They could eat some of the fruit, but not what was earmarked for the temple and the gods. Oblates were barred from special religious knowledge and could be punished severely for stealing divine property. Adam and Eve were but servants, modeled on this group of temple staff. Once they -- God's oblates -- eat the forbidden fruit, they are forever changed. They now posed a danger not only to themselves but also to the God who created them. Bruce Wells's book is the first to mine the Babylonian temple archives for the background knowledge assumed by the biblical author. It brings a new and fresh perspective to one of the Bible's best-known stories.
Second language (L2) pronunciation has gained growing attention among educators and researchers. New teacher training programmes, innovative teaching methods and resources are being developed, while research on L2 speech and pronunciation continues to expand. Once overlooked, pronunciation is now actively promoted in both teaching and research. With contributions from an international team of expert scholars, this innovative volume presents L2 pronunciation 'success stories', drawing on case studies that cover languages such as English, Japanese, and Spanish. It highlights effective practices in L2 pronunciation research that positively influence teaching and learning, with special emphasis placed on practical applications that improve intelligibility, increase classroom exposure to pronunciation and support autonomous learning. By showcasing research-informed teaching, this volume bridges the gap between research and pedagogy, encouraging the integration of evidence-based strategies into everyday teaching. It is essential reading for second language teachers, trainers, researchers, postgraduate students and materials developers.
In 1957, Chinese university students mobilised to share forbidden information about Khrushchev's secret speech and unrest in Eastern Europe. Responding to Mao's call to criticize the party, they did so in the belief that they were perfecting socialism. In the devasting campaigns that followed Mao's call, over 550,000 people were labelled 'rightists' by 1958, destroying lives for generations. Neither heroes nor villains, student participation in these campaigns ran across the political spectrum and represented impossible choices made under authoritarian pressure. Drawing on oral history, memoir, and archival documents, Yidi Wu recovers the history of a supressed student movement and reveals the full spectrum of participation in Mao's political campaigns in the late 1950s. Placing the movement in the context of activism from 1919 to 1989, Wu shows how students accessed information about the communist world, created communication networks across China, and the resonance of this movement in the present day.
Early modern English theatre encountered and reckoned with weather in myriad ways. Focusing on the period from 1563 to 1625, and using archival records, play-texts, and published accounts to trace theatrical histories of weather and weathering, Chloe Preedy considers how late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century players and playgoers might have reacted to extreme or everyday weather. Playing Weather explores individual playing companies' diverse experiences of and theatrical responses to specific meteorological phenomena: from Leicester's Men and a 1580 earthquake, to drought and the Queen's Men, floods and Strange's/Derby's Men, the King's Men and gale-force winds, and the freezing winters encountered by Lady Elizabeth's Men. Attending to the various imaginative, social, extractive, affective, and economic perspectives hinted at in extant performance records and in plays by authors including Shakespeare, Marlowe, Greene, and Beaumont and Fletcher, this approach reveals early modern theatre's profound ecological – and, especially, meteorological – enmeshment.