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Cable Empires uncovers the hidden communications infrastructure that helped shape the international legal order. From submarine telegraph cables to the fiber-optic systems that underpin today's digital economy, global communication networks linked distant territories, reshaped knowledge, and transformed governance across empires, markets, and states. Cable networks unsettled conventional understandings of jurisdiction and sovereignty, while enabling new forms of political and economic power beyond territorial borders. At the same time, their construction and operation depended on Indigenous labor, resource extraction, corporate and state capital, territorial access, and international law. Bridging international law, history, and science and technology studies, Cable Empires offers a new account of how communications infrastructure and technology were intertwined with the development of the international legal order. In an era marked by struggles over digital sovereignty and geopolitical rivalry, it offers insight into the material and historical foundations of contemporary power and the legal arrangements that sustain them.
This guidebook, the first of its kind, summarizes the state of the art in the field of epistemic gossip protocols. Gossip protocols are peer-to-peer communication protocols intended to maximize information dissemination while respecting network or transmission constraints. This comprehensive reference begins by presenting classical results on gossip protocols from networks and combinatorics from the 1970s and progresses through results in distributed computing up to the work on epistemic distributed gossip protocols of the past decade. In epistemic gossip protocols, agents make information-based choices to speed up information dissemination and allow smarter and more involved forms of distributed communication. Topics covered include various call semantics, reachability of secret distributions, dynamic gossip where secrets and numbers are exchanged, optimality, protocol knowledge, and higher-order epistemic goals. Featuring numerous exercises, this book from a lead researcher is an ideal resource for graduate students and researchers in logic, computer science, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science.
International institutions, from the WTO to the UN Security Council, face mounting legitimacy challenges. Reforms promising greater procedural fairness are frequently proposed as solutions, but do they actually work? 'After Reform' provides the first systematic empirical answer to this question. Drawing on an original dataset of more than 9,500 legitimacy statements made by member states across three major institutions, Vegard H. Tørstad evaluates how procedural-fairness reforms shape states' perceptions of institutional legitimacy over time. Through in-depth case studies of participation reform in the UNFCCC climate negotiations, impartiality reform in GATT/WTO dispute settlement, and transparency reform in the UN Security Council, this book shows that reform effects are real but uneven — and identifies the conditions under which reforms are most likely to succeed. With multilateralism under unprecedented strain, 'After Reform' offers acutely timely new theoretical insights and concrete policy lessons for how to design international cooperation.
Sleep medicine and dream science have long been dominated by empirical approaches. Volume 2 of this handbook highlights emerging theories of sleep disorders and the role of social and environmental factors in sleep health, showing how conceptual models guide effective application of empirical work. Featuring contributions from leading experts, chapters examine mechanisms of sleep regulation, functions of sleep and dreaming, and present diverse frameworks side by side, outlining core assumptions, mechanisms, and implications before addressing deeper complexities. Designed for students, researchers, and clinicians across sleep science, neuroscience, psychology, biology, and medicine, the handbook invites critical engagement with models and reflection on how they shape contemporary understanding and research.
Stoic physics is an early physicalist philosophy which explains the world in terms of bodies and their interactions. This worldview is combined with a distinctive theology in which an omnipresent deity crafts the world. The details of early Stoics' views are handed down to us by second-hand ancient sources, including critics, doxographers, and later Stoics, and the second-hand nature of these reports sometimes obscures the original theory. By focusing on evidence that preserves the views of the early leaders-Zeno, Cleanthes, and Chrysippus-this book identifies the most important bodies in Stoic physics, including matter and substance, the four elements, pneuma, and the cosmos itself. It examines the metaphysical relationships between these bodies, and explains how the Stoics' god fits into their cosmology. The book aims to make the ancient Stoic worldview understandable to a contemporary audience, while developing and defending new interpretations of Stoicism that will advance the discussion among specialists.
Sleep medicine and dream science have long been dominated by empirical approaches. Volume 1 of this handbook underscores the critical importance of models and theories of sleep and dreams, which provide the conceptual frameworks needed to interpret empirical findings – spanning biological, psychological, and philosophical perspectives. Featuring contributions from leading experts, chapters examine mechanisms of sleep regulation, functions of sleep and dreaming, and present diverse frameworks side by side, outlining core assumptions, mechanisms, and implications before addressing deeper complexities. Designed for students, researchers, and clinicians across sleep science, neuroscience, psychology, biology, and medicine, the handbook invites critical engagement with models and reflection on how they shape contemporary understanding and research.
Since the EU has been confronted with multiple crises, scholars have debated the consequences from the viewpoint of integration, disintegration, or differentiated integration. This book takes a different perspective. Rather than focusing on macro-structures, it highlights the ongoing contestation and balancing of power in everyday policymaking. These processes lead to incremental, often hidden informal institutional change rather than overall Treaty amendments. They unfold in European legislation under the Community Method, in intergovernmental politics, administrative policymaking, and court proceedings and often link all these venues. The book analyses and empirically describes different conflicts, strategies, and processes through which actors respond to power imbalances in policymaking and seek to reshape rules and patterns of interaction. The authors argue that this enduring balancing of power is essential to the EU's resilience, as it compels actors to respond to challenges and find institutional solutions, particularly in a fast-changing international order.
Older than the pyramids, Sumerian was used in ancient Mesopotamia (Southern Iraq). It is probably the world's first written language, and survives on clay tablets in the cuneiform script, dating from c.3000 BCE to the beginning of the Common Era. It abounds in simple inscriptions, ideal for beginners, but also boasts a wealth of more advanced writings, such as fascinating mythological poetry. This comprehensive textbook equips students to read the full range of texts – including the special variety of the language known as Emesal. Drawing on the authors' experience in the classroom, it uses intuitive terminology and also makes extensive use of diagrams, which unravel the language's structures in an easy-to-learn way. The examples and readings are all taken from original sources. The learning journey is further supported by exercises (with key), a full sign list and glossary, and online recordings with 'approximate pronunciations'.
Mental health professionals know firsthand how societal stigma may prevent many individuals from seeking care. What has been discussed less, however, is the experience of mental health providers who themselves are dealing with a serious mental illness. This book aims to educate readers about the contributions of and discrimination against mental health professionals who manage mental health challenges, providing support and proposing new avenues for research, advocacy, and organizational change. Each chapter features a comprehensive review of the relevant empirical literature, brought to life through personal narratives. Many also provide strategic recommendations for addressing the systemic impact of exclusion and stigma on the mental health profession and broader culture as a whole. Designed for academic educators, clinicians, and researchers, as well as individuals managing mental health challenges, this volume is a valuable resource for undergraduate and graduate courses in diversity, disability, mental health, as well as industrial and organizational psychology.
Literary forms are ways of doing work through the repeated arrangement of linguistic elements. Reading history and forms such as aesthetics with Burke, Kames, and Young, larch-planting and the picturesque with Wordsworth, irrigation and the pastoral with Shelley, and labour management and the lyric with Clare, this original study shows how romanticism was the acculturation of agricultural improvement's poetic infrastructure. This infrastructure is a historically specific set of such forms and their associated physical media and social practices. Both are made from everyday language-uses and are not unique to – though they receive unique attention in – literature, which makes literature necessary for understanding their historical change and their role in other historical changes. Examining contemporary agricultural case studies, Nathan TeBokkel shows that romanticism was conditioned by and then enfolded into the infrastructure concerned with nature, labour, their management, and their improvement, thereby remaining paradigmatic in these fields to the present day.
Peirce is often considered a difficult and obscure thinker: “flashes of brilliant light relieved against Cimmerian darkness,” quipped William James. In this book, Claudia Cristalli dispels some of these dark clouds with plain language and by bringing to the fore some of the actual problems with which Peirce engaged, including the reliability of our observations and of our knowledge; the nature of error; why should we choose science as a method to fix belief; and whether knowledge is independent of our ways of acquiring it. These issues are still relevant today, and Peirce's way of addressing them becomes much clearer when set in the context of his scientific practice. This book is the first in-depth account of Peirce's engagement with psychology and its role in his overarching philosophical project and will be valuable for scholars and students interested in the history and philosophy of psychology and in American pragmatism.
Why do some entrepreneurial ecosystems thrive through global connection while others stagnate behind national borders? Banu Ozkazanc-Pan argues that ecosystems are not local formations but transnational - shaped by the movement of people, ideas, and identities across geographies and cultures. Drawing on transnational migration studies, she introduces a powerful new analytic framework built around transnational social fields, historical conjunctural analysis, and mobility methods. The framework centres on three scales of original research: in-depth interviews with eighteen globally mobile founders; a richly detailed case study of the Cambridge Innovation Center across five countries; and a geopolitically charged analysis of Taiwan's Asia Innovation Hub navigating the US–China technology rivalry. Timely and theoretically bold, Entrepreneurial Ecosystems confronts the shadow side of mobility - rising anti-immigration politics and immobility regimes - and asks whose voices shape entrepreneurship theory. Essential reading for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to understand innovation in a world on the move.
The seventh edition of this classic text has been extensively updated offering an indispensable, up-to-date, and practical resource which incorporates the latest guidelines concerning a wide array of conditions. Readers are given explicit management instructions to be used across the sites where sick and injured children now receive treatment. Fully updated with the most current knowledge and guidance, new topics include abdominal masses, abnormal movements, acute neuropsychiatric symptoms, brief resolved unexpected events, covid, disaster response in the emergency department, do not resuscitate/do not intubate orders, eating disorders, informed consent and assent, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, myocarditis, ophthalmoplegia, and transport. Successful and trusted for forty years, this manual is a key resource for pediatricians, emergency medicine physicians, family practitioners, allied health professionals, and trainees. A handy, 'how-to' guide for delivering care to the increasing number of children being treated outside of tertiary care settings.
From the last decades of the Roman Republic to the establishment of the Trajanic monarchy, the period 50 BC to AD 100 was a period of constitutional and cultural change in the Roman world. Our main literary accounts of this period of transformation – the narratives of Appian, Tacitus, Cassius Dio and Suetonius, subtle and insightful they may be, were all written with the benefit of hindsight. Moreover, they were products of a literary and political culture which was distinct from that which they were describing. This volume attempts to locate an earlier phase. Taking authors ranging in time from Cornelius Nepos to the author of Luke-Acts, the chapters in this volume ask what their texts reveal about the ways in which writers thought about monarchy or monarchical systems, how they were influenced by earlier traditions, and how they responded to the monarchical reality of their own times.
Symmetry plays a crucial role across various scales in physics-from the fundamental particles that comprise matter to the intricate shapes of snowflakes. The ubiquity of these symmetries poses a pivotal question: if life arises as an emergent property from physics, what prevents symmetry from also explaining the architectures of biological, or even artificial, life? This book addresses the question by introducing a new geometry for 'living' networks, drawing inspiration from Grothendieck's fibrations in category theory. The traditional, restrictive symmetry groups of physics are replaced with symmetry fibration, a novel notion which is both local and adaptable to evolutionary pressures. This provides an effective framework for understanding biological complexity, translating the once inscrutable AI 'black box' into an interpretable 'colored box' rich with symmetry. Featuring numerous cutting-edge applications from genomics, neuroscience and AI, this text is ideal for graduate students and researchers in mathematical biology, machine learning and network science.