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Addressing the full historical range of dystopian writing from the early nineteenth century to the present, this carefully curated collection of essays explores the shaping influence of major authors like George Orwell, Aldous Huxley, and Margaret Atwood alongside a number of rich and important texts by lesser-known and twenty-first-century writers. Chapters explore key themes including dictatorship and totalitarianism, the fear of revolution, anxiety about environmental collapse, misogyny, artificial intelligence and robotics, and imperialism as portrayed in literary dystopias. Focused primarily on the Anglo-American tradition, this Companion also features extensive discussion of European trends in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, as well as a full chapter on non-Western dystopian literature.
Our current world order is in a period of rupture, marked by increasing geo-political competition. This rupture has entirely upended Europe's place in the world, leading it to seek greater strategic autonomy on the world stage. This book is devoted to exploring the impact of these momentous geo-political changes on Europe's legal order. As the book demonstrates, the search for strategic autonomy is increasingly upending many of our key assumptions about EU law, altering its goals, its constitutional underpinnings and key elements of its substantive law. Examining key emerging fields of EU law and policy, as well as the relation between the European, US, Chinese and international law orders, this book provides a first mapping of the emerging geo-political Europe and its reformed legal architecture. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Americans consider voting a right. But for much of United States history, voting has been a privilege granted by the states, and not the federal government. In this important and timely book, Nicole Etcheson reveals how the Civil War dramatically changed suffrage rights. The post-Civil War period saw failed efforts to disfranchise former Confederates. Black men took the opportunity to capitalize on their loyalty and military service to win the vote, but were undermined by violence, fraud, and eventually legal disfranchisement. For women, the Civil War did not advance the women's campaign for suffrage but instead impeded it. This book insightfully weaves together these three movements, revealing how each measured its suffrage claims against those of others, and highlighting the limited role of federal authority over voting rights during this pivotal period.
Why do ethnic cleavages emerge under programmatic party competition? How Policies Create Electoral Cleavages offers a novel explanation that focuses on the impact of government policies on the incentives of voters to prioritize their ethnic identity over other interests and identities. Government policies that pose a threat or cause relative deprivation to co-ethnics in domains central to voters link their fates and drive them to seek out pro-ethnic candidates and parties. In the face of damaging policies, activists, political aspirants, and incumbents have powerful incentives to organize the emerging voter coalition into a new ethnic constituency and connect it to the party system. How Policies Create Electoral Cleavages tests this argument on multiple case studies in nineteenth century Prussia, Baden, and Bavaria, mid-twentieth century Belgium, and late twentieth century Israel. It shows that policies that were damaging to voters' material interests or social status drove their mobilization along ethnic lines.
Examining the period during which women's participation in literary marketplaces soared, Michelle Levy expands understandings of female authorship, moving beyond exceptional women writing in the major genres; of book trades, by tracing the importance of profit sharing and limited sale of copyright, by which authors benefited from reprinting; and of book history, by addressing the pervasive influence of gender on book culture during the long eighteenth century. Through detailed analysis of surviving publishers' archives and correspondence, she convincingly argues that women were actively involved in all decisions relating to the production, marketing, circulation, and reception of their books. Women in fact wrote not merely texts but books: they drafted with attention to the shape their writing would take in book form and were directly involved in the processes by which their words were transformed into material and commercial objects. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
From cosmology, to physics, to theology, Plato approached biological research as an opportunity to apply the full breadth of his wider scientific and philosophical principles. This step-by-step assessment of the comprehensive biological system developed in Plato's Timaeus establishes his status as a biological thinker, asserting his essential place in the history of science. In a philosophical tour of the human body, each chapter of this volume explores Plato's theories of a different system of the body, accompanied by an encyclopedic appendix of the tissues and organs of the body according to Plato. This exploration of Plato's biology enriches our understanding of his full philosophical worldview, providing answers to questions not only about the causes of diseases, but also about our relationship to nature and the divine, and about what it means to be human.
Ruling Racial Quotas Constitutional explores a 2012 decision in which the Brazilian supreme court unanimously upheld racial quotas for university admissions in a striking victory for Black social movements. Drawing on legal records, public hearings, and amicus briefs, the book reveals how Black activists shaped the court's reasoning which produced a transformative intersectional quota system for the racially and socio-economically disadvantaged. Interdisciplinary in scope, it combines history, law, discourse analysis, and politics explore the strategies of Black activists to persuade the court and open a path to constitutional and legislative innovation. Essential for scholars, students, and legal practitioners, it shows that the intersection of collective action and the law can produce substantive change even in highly unequal societies. The book also highlights the distinctive interpretations of equality, race, and social justice held by the Brazilian Supreme Court as it gained centrality in national politics in the 21st century.
The concept of power has long been a central yet contested part of the study of international relations. But power, like all other political concepts, has a history of its own. This book tells the story of how power among polities has been understood from the early modern era to the present day, arguing that conceptions of power in international politics have been characterized by significant continuities and swift ruptures during this period. It shows how notions of power have spread across cultures and evolved into an apple of discord that has drawn polities together into an international system premised on its uniformity and scarcity. Power Among Polities is the first intellectual history of power in international relations to date.
Network community detection is the science of identifying groups of vertices in complex networks, from communities of friends in social networks to functional analogues in protein interaction systems. This book offers a comprehensive exposition of network community detection, describing processes such as modularity optimization and statistical inference, and providing step-by-step treatments of the algorithms used to detect communities in temporal, multilayer, and other specific kinds of networks. The strengths and weaknesses of the primary methods are highlighted, allowing readers to identify the most suitable approach for their needs. A collection of complementary software is also freely available online, encouraging readers to experiment with a broad variety of tools. The book is well suited to graduate students and researchers in physics, computer science, mathematics, and engineering, and to those working in the social sciences and other disciplines that deal with complex networks.
Cable Empires uncovers the hidden communications infrastructure that helped shape the international legal order. From submarine telegraph cables to the fiber-optic systems that underpin today's digital economy, global communication networks linked distant territories, reshaped knowledge, and transformed governance across empires, markets, and states. Cable networks unsettled conventional understandings of jurisdiction and sovereignty, while enabling new forms of political and economic power beyond territorial borders. At the same time, their construction and operation depended on Indigenous labor, resource extraction, corporate and state capital, territorial access, and international law. Bridging international law, history, and science and technology studies, Cable Empires offers a new account of how communications infrastructure and technology were intertwined with the development of the international legal order. In an era marked by struggles over digital sovereignty and geopolitical rivalry, it offers insight into the material and historical foundations of contemporary power and the legal arrangements that sustain them.
This guidebook, the first of its kind, summarizes the state of the art in the field of epistemic gossip protocols. Gossip protocols are peer-to-peer communication protocols intended to maximize information dissemination while respecting network or transmission constraints. This comprehensive reference begins by presenting classical results on gossip protocols from networks and combinatorics from the 1970s and progresses through results in distributed computing up to the work on epistemic distributed gossip protocols of the past decade. In epistemic gossip protocols, agents make information-based choices to speed up information dissemination and allow smarter and more involved forms of distributed communication. Topics covered include various call semantics, reachability of secret distributions, dynamic gossip where secrets and numbers are exchanged, optimality, protocol knowledge, and higher-order epistemic goals. Featuring numerous exercises, this book from a lead researcher is an ideal resource for graduate students and researchers in logic, computer science, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science.
Life-saving vaccines have revolutionised the promotion of public health. Over the last 50 years, more than 150 million deaths have been averted by vaccines worldwide – a life saved every 10 seconds of every minute of every day. Many millions more have been protected from the life-long effects of potentially crippling diseases and their sequelae. This interdisciplinary atlas examines the geographical and demographic impact of vaccines and vaccination on the population of Britain since 1901. Richly detailed and beautifully illustrated, it is an indispensable reference work for those in public health, epidemiology, demography, economic history, geography, the history of medicine and cognate fields. With almost 200 full-colour maps, graphs and photographs, it also forms a highly accessible and engaging aid for the instruction of undergraduate and postgraduate students.
International institutions, from the WTO to the UN Security Council, face mounting legitimacy challenges. Reforms promising greater procedural fairness are frequently proposed as solutions, but do they actually work? 'After Reform' provides the first systematic empirical answer to this question. Drawing on an original dataset of more than 9,500 legitimacy statements made by member states across three major institutions, Vegard H. Tørstad evaluates how procedural-fairness reforms shape states' perceptions of institutional legitimacy over time. Through in-depth case studies of participation reform in the UNFCCC climate negotiations, impartiality reform in GATT/WTO dispute settlement, and transparency reform in the UN Security Council, this book shows that reform effects are real but uneven — and identifies the conditions under which reforms are most likely to succeed. With multilateralism under unprecedented strain, 'After Reform' offers acutely timely new theoretical insights and concrete policy lessons for how to design international cooperation.
Sleep medicine and dream science have long been dominated by empirical approaches. Volume 2 of this handbook highlights emerging theories of sleep disorders and the role of social and environmental factors in sleep health, showing how conceptual models guide effective application of empirical work. Featuring contributions from leading experts, chapters examine mechanisms of sleep regulation, functions of sleep and dreaming, and present diverse frameworks side by side, outlining core assumptions, mechanisms, and implications before addressing deeper complexities. Designed for students, researchers, and clinicians across sleep science, neuroscience, psychology, biology, and medicine, the handbook invites critical engagement with models and reflection on how they shape contemporary understanding and research.
Stoic physics is an early physicalist philosophy which explains the world in terms of bodies and their interactions. This worldview is combined with a distinctive theology in which an omnipresent deity crafts the world. The details of early Stoics' views are handed down to us by second-hand ancient sources, including critics, doxographers, and later Stoics, and the second-hand nature of these reports sometimes obscures the original theory. By focusing on evidence that preserves the views of the early leaders-Zeno, Cleanthes, and Chrysippus-this book identifies the most important bodies in Stoic physics, including matter and substance, the four elements, pneuma, and the cosmos itself. It examines the metaphysical relationships between these bodies, and explains how the Stoics' god fits into their cosmology. The book aims to make the ancient Stoic worldview understandable to a contemporary audience, while developing and defending new interpretations of Stoicism that will advance the discussion among specialists.
Sleep medicine and dream science have long been dominated by empirical approaches. Volume 1 of this handbook underscores the critical importance of models and theories of sleep and dreams, which provide the conceptual frameworks needed to interpret empirical findings – spanning biological, psychological, and philosophical perspectives. Featuring contributions from leading experts, chapters examine mechanisms of sleep regulation, functions of sleep and dreaming, and present diverse frameworks side by side, outlining core assumptions, mechanisms, and implications before addressing deeper complexities. Designed for students, researchers, and clinicians across sleep science, neuroscience, psychology, biology, and medicine, the handbook invites critical engagement with models and reflection on how they shape contemporary understanding and research.