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Why do we judge an event to be a cause? Holger Andreas and Mario Günther offer a fresh answer: causation is epochetic dependence along an inferential path where each step genuinely depends on the cause. The dependence is called epochetic because the effect must be inferable from its cause after suspending judgment on both. This theory matches everyday judgment in virtually all scenarios, including the classic problems of overdetermination, preemption, and omissions. The authors go on to solve the problems of spurious and simultaneous causation and thereby develop a reductive theory of causation in the spirit of Hume. The book will be useful for students and researchers in philosophy, computer science, cognitive science, and law. It is a must read for anyone who wants to keep up to date with research on one of philosophy's great problems.
According to the standard Thomistic account, God can be known both by nature and revelation. The first is the terrain of metaphysics, which knows God as the cause of his created effects. The second is theology, which knows God through the words in which he has revealed himself. Often neglected, however, is a third way that Aquinas maintains God can be known. Affective knowledge, which proceeds by way of intuition, experience, and union, is fundamental to Aquinas's theological method. The central claim of this book is that, for Aquinas, the new life of grace given in baptism also entails a new affective, connatural knowledge of the things of God. This “loving knowledge,” which finds its consummation in beatific knowing, reverberates throughout Aquinas's theological epistemology, underwriting his account of the doctrine of gifts of the Holy Spirit, divine indwelling, the spiritual senses, and theological contemplation.
The legacy of fascism has challenged far-right expansion in Central Europe, yet nativist parties have found a workaround without compromising exclusionary ethno-nationalist agendas. Barbarians at the Gate explores the under-studied role that religion plays in the promotion of the ethno-nationalist agendas currently chipping away at liberal democratic protections. The book identifies a democratic erosion grounded in a Christian Nationalist concept of the ethno-nation fused with Christianity. Through a combination of interviews, new surveys with Austrian and German voters, and an original dataset of nativist and radical-right party rhetoric, it demonstrates how nativist parties use religion as a vehicle for democratic erosion, even in nations long-seen as bastions of democracy. Especially in Germany, where the hurdles to a far-right comeback are high, understanding how nativist parties use religious framing to sidestep the legacies of Nazism while still promoting ethno-nationalism is critical.
Chaebols like Samsung are globally recognized Korean business groups under shared family ownership. In the context of significant structural transformations shaped by evolving regulatory pressures in the wake of the Asian Financial Crisis, they faced the pressing question of how to transfer control of their sprawling networks of affiliated companies to the next generation. Focusing on both the inheritance of wealth and the transfer of managerial authority, this book traces how high inheritance taxes, tightening regulation of intra-group transactions and changing corporate governance norms have reshaped ownership structures and leadership patterns in these important economic entities. Sea-Jin Chang advocates a hybrid governance model, using professional managers for the day-to-day management of individual affiliates, while family owners focus on setting the strategic direction and ensuring intergenerational continuity. This collaborative approach allows chaebols to harness the complementary strengths of family stewardship and professional expertise, thereby enhancing corporate governance and supporting long-term sustainability.
Offering a rigorous critique of the scientific assumptions and ideological commitments that underlie contemporary managerialist research, this book exposes the foundational premises that sustain this influential approach. Mats Persson and Jan Ch. Karlsson define managerialism as an ideology that elevates management's goals and values to a universal status, shaping both research and practice. They demonstrate how managerialism promotes the alignment of workers' identities and aspirations with managerial objectives while excluding them from meaningful democratic participation in shaping those objectives. Tracing managerialist research back to Scientific Management and Human Relations-not merely to neoliberalism or New Public Management-the authors examine its two core dimensions: that workers are inherently irrational and that workplace democracy constitutes a threat against management and employers. They unpack managerialism's confused interpretations of organisational misbehaviour and resistance, analyse the ideological foundations of managerialist leadership theories, and ultimately propose more robust, democratic approaches to researching working life.
Understanding Our Philanthropic Commons boldly rethinks giving and volunteering as part of a shared resource system-a philanthropic 'commons'. Drawing on the influential frameworks of Elinor and Vincent Ostrom and the Ostrom Workshop, this book equips readers with accessible tools, including the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, Social-Ecological Systems (SES), Institutional Grammar, and Design Principles for self-governance. Using case studies ranging from giving circles and donor-advised funds to workplace campaigns and volunteer management, the authors show how rules, norms, and strategies create institutional arrangements that shape philanthropic behaviour. Fresh insights are offered into addressing philanthropic social dilemmas-such as declines in giving and volunteering-amid technological, social, and economic change. This book is ideal for scholars, nonprofit leaders, policy professionals, and students seeking to understand how to sustainably govern giving resources, and for anyone interested in philanthropy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Scholars have long recognized John's dual focus on Jesus's relationship to God's presence and his impending physical absence. Yet attention to Jesus's absence is often restricted to the Farewell Discourse. Josiah D. Hall here provides an innovative reading of John's Gospel, arguing that tension between Jesus's presence and absence develops throughout the narrative and is integral to the Gospel's plot. Drawing on sources from across the ancient Mediterranean basin, Hall contends that John leverages conceptions of how deities would manifest their presence to clarify that Jesus is the enfleshed divine presence. Likewise, John depicts Jesus's absence by drawing on motifs of divine departure, especially those which understand a deity's absence as judgment. Attending closely to the paradoxical import of Jesus's presence and absence in John, Hall provides insights on classic Johannine riddles, including John's perspectives on the temple, the characters he labels as 'the Jews', and the Spirit-Paraclete's relationship to Jesus.
Many believe that the power to start wars is the most important issue of constitutional war powers-and perhaps the most important issue of constitutional law altogether. Yet this fixation on the power to start wars obscures equally important questions. Who has the power to prepare for war, deter it, conduct it, decide its aims, or end it? Although many democracies wrestle with these constitutional questions, the United States stands apart in that no other written constitution has had to function over time across such dramatic transformations in national military power and radical swings in strategy for wielding it. To show the many ways that political leaders have adapted law-in war, in peace, and in the gray zones between-this book weaves together the stories of American constitutional war powers, military history, and grand strategy from the Revolutionary War to possible conflicts of the future. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
A disillusioned Martin Luther was losing his faith until he experienced freedom of conscience with the gospel of grace that he found from his un-authorized re-reading of the Scriptures. This experience stimulated Luther's desire to free the Christian religion from teachings that could burden the human soul. In doing so, he offered a grammar for a Christian theology that is both mystical and liberating. Kirsi Stjerna here offers a contemporary reading of Luther's vision of a religion that is guided by concerns for freedom. Her study first considers Luther's understanding of the profound tension in human experience as simultaneously broken and holy; and second, how he aimed to orient Christians to live with freedom from despair via the security found in being grounded in God. Offering a critical reading of Luther's central insights and teachings, Stjerna invites readers to engage with Luther's story and contemplate the relevance of his theology in contemporary discourse on religion.
Artificial intelligence is often portrayed as a force set to radically transform entrepreneurship. This book takes a more analytical approach, asking what AI truly changes-and what it does not—about the role of innovative entrepreneurs in advanced capitalist economies. Integrating AI into established economic theories of entrepreneurship, Luca Grilli develops new conceptual frameworks informed by emerging empirical evidence on the nature of AI entrepreneurship. His analysis shows how AI frequently reinforces incumbent advantage while also generating forms of systemic lock‑in around large, AI-driven ecosystems. These dynamics risk narrowing the space for genuinely innovative ideas, thereby reshaping the conditions under which entrepreneurship can thrive. Against this backdrop, The AI Entrepreneur reflects on how institutions and economic policy can safeguard space for entrepreneurial agency, preventing the AI entrepreneur from becoming a postmodern simulacrum confined within increasingly 'fenced' forms of capitalism.
During the Second World War, psychiatrists, psychologists, and other experts confronted unprecedented numbers of patients, including distressed servicemen, bombed civilians, unaccompanied children, returning veterans, displaced persons, and Holocaust survivors. In the first comprehensive analysis of treatment during and after the war, Elizabeth Roberts-Pedersen examines how British and American experts interpreted and responded to these diverse patient populations. Looking at both combatants and civilians together, she demonstrates that wartime psychiatry was less concerned with individual suffering than with managing mental distress at scale, revealing profound tensions in psychiatric thought over the causes of wartime mental disorder and its treatment. Perhaps most significantly, Human Salvage shows how the Second World War brought mass violence into the clinical realm, transforming psychiatric theory and practice for decades to come.
The third of three volumes, the four sections of this book cover a variety of issues important to analyzing data to produce high-quality, accurate conclusions from already-collected data. First, leading scholars from around the world provide a step-by-step guide to using several popular quantitative and qualitative statistical programs used throughout the social and behavioral sciences. The next section focused on several important considerations for preparing data for analysis. Many of these directly affect the quality of the data and the resulting conclusions, In the remainder of chapters, the various authors focus on various advanced statistical techniques. In section three, the focus is on those related to quantitative analysis. Section four then focuses on analyzing qualitative data. Throughout the book, examples and real-world research efforts from dozens of different disciplines are discussed. In addition, authors often provide example data and analytical code to facilitate learning of and application of each concept.
Moving beyond familiar discussions of ethnic conflict, this Handbook presents a bold rethinking of how language shapes identity, power, and violence. With contributions from leading scholars in linguistics, political science, and public policy, it presents global case studies alongside new analytic tools for the study of language and global politics. It introduces “language conflict” as a clearer and more useful framework-one that brings linguistic structure, institutional policy, and communicative inequality into focus. Split into four sections, chapters cover topics such as hate speech, language rights, transitional justice, education policy, and postcolonial literature, spanning contexts from Cameroon to Catalonia, and from Guatemala to Sri Lanka. Together, these chapters show how language is not simply a cultural marker, but a political force that shapes collective identities, nationalism, and resistance. It is essential reading for anyone interested in language policy, multilingual governance, and the deep entanglement of language with political life.
The United States has fought wars throughout its history. But how has it attempted to shape a peaceful world in the wake of these conflicts? This volume explores the long US history of post-conflict diplomacy – from the early republic, through the aftermath of World War II, to recent global engagements. Through richly detailed essays, it examines how power, race, and individual agency shaped US efforts to rebuild relationships after war. Moving beyond simplistic narratives, the book reveals the complexity of forging peace and its unintended consequences. It highlights pivotal moments when alliances were born, rivalries transformed, and non-governmental actors influenced outcomes as much as statesmen. Essential for scholars, policymakers, and readers seeking insight into how past strategies inform present decisions, this work reframes America's diplomatic legacy and offers lessons for future interventions. Bold, comparative, and deeply researched, it illuminates the challenges – and possibilities – of building peace after conflict.
Why does conflict remain a defining challenge across Africa, and how can sustainable peace be achieved? Drawing on five centuries of African intellectual thought, original fieldwork, archival research, and over twenty case studies, Pillars of Peace redefines how we understand conflict and how sustainable peace can be built. Ayokunu Adedokun develops three central contributions. First, the book demonstrates how conflict emerges from the interaction of historical legacies, structural conditions, and post-conflict dynamics. Second, Adedokun introduces an original approach to sustainable peace that integrates African intellectual traditions, including decolonial scholarship and the relational ethics of Ubuntu, while recognising the constructive role of global partnerships. Finally, the study explains why sustainable peace requires the integrated reconstruction of three core pillars: security and public order, political and governance systems, and economic and development foundations within a unified peace architecture. Bridging theory and practice, Pillars of Peace advances a new paradigm for understanding conflict and building sustainable peace globally.