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Research in phonology has changed dramatically over the past two decades, with increasing influence from adjacent fields, including phonetics, psychology, and computer science, on both theories and methodologies. Cross-field interaction has led to a new emphasis on computation, learning, and evidence, and many new theoretical frameworks and methods have been developed. Now in its second edition, this handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of phonological theories, methods, and evidence. It has been fully revised and updated to offer both foundational and forward-looking content by combining classic issues with new research areas. Split into five thematic sections, with each chapter written by an expert in the field, this handbook continues to represent the state of the art in the discipline. It is essential reading for instructors, researchers, and students of phonology, as well as for those in related fields such as phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics, psycholinguistics, and speech pathology.
In this ambitious study of the transition from slavery to freedom, Christopher Bischof explores the idealism that characterized imperial responses to emancipation. Employing a new analytical framework, he considers how British reformers used schemes of liberal humanitarian reform to encourage outcomes that were humane for freedpeople but also secured the continued prosperity of sugar plantations. Through wide-ranging case studies of free-labor abolitionism, special magistrates, elementary education, freeholding, and Chinese indentured labor, the cheap, light-handed humanitarian interventions designed to produce this outcome come into view. As Bischof argues, this idealistic vision helped to legitimize British imperialism at a key moment in its expansion and ideological consolidation. However, this ultimately proved insufficient as freedpeople pursued their own vision of freedom. Combining social, cultural, and political history, Bischof sheds light on the story underpinning this endeavor and the new forms of racism and imperial authority that emerged in its wake.
This textbook builds up General Relativity in a modern way that shows the marvellous unity in physics. Einstein's gravity can be understood as the theory of matter interacting with a massless spin-2 particle (the graviton), just as electromagnetism is the theory of charges interacting with a massless spin-1 particle (the photon). Starting with scalar gravity and electromagnetism, General Relativity is developed step by step, highlighting all the key ideas and equations. The text develops many applications of enduring interest, including solar-system effects and cosmological expansion, as well as important cutting-edge topics such as black hole imaging and gravitational wave detection. In-chapter exercises and end-chapter problems allow readers to test their understanding, with selected solutions available to instructors online. The textbook provides essential material for the beginning – and experienced – physicist or astronomer interested in modern developments in gravitation, astrophysics and cosmology, and their connections to particle physics and fundamental physics.
What did weather mean to people in the past, and who did they believe controlled it? In this cultural history of the early medieval Frankish world, David J. Patterson argues that the medieval atmosphere was a contested arena in which saintly, royal, demonic, and human authority met and often clashed. Engaging with paleoclimate proxy evidence alongside cultural and religious texts, he illuminates the complex political, metaphorical, and theological underpinnings of medieval descriptions of weather, complicating modern attempts to reconstruct past climate conditions using documentary sources. In particular, Patterson reconstructs how medieval communities built “circles of protection” against storm, drought, and frost, considering how they imagined the tempestarii – the weather-makers – who lived among them. Refusing both environmental determinism and pastoral nostalgia, he offers a new historical perspective on approaches toward protection, blame, and authority, exploring past human relationships with the weather in ways that still resonate today.
This exceptional guide to pancreatic pathology and cytopathology, incorporates extensive illustrations, videos, and infographics for easy understanding and diagnosis. The content is presented in an easy-to-digest, bulleted format, complemented by richly annotated videos that provide a visual learning experience. This practical guide addresses key diagnostic challenges, uniquely integrating cytopathology and histopathology. Four major topics are covered including inflammatory diseases of the pancreas, solid pancreatic neoplasms, cystic pancreatic neoplasms, and primary biliary lesions. This is an indispensable resource for pathologists, gastroenterologists, pancreatic surgeons, and researchers, offering a comprehensive and visual approach to a complex medical field.
The Weird-a transgressive mode of fiction redolent with ooze, tentacles, and unfathomable geometries-has proven to be one of the most influential genres of the past century, despite being one of the most difficult to define. This volume charts the development of the Weird, from its origins in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (drawing connections to both popular, pulp fiction and 'high' Modernism) to the New Weird of today and related global forms. Leading scholars explore this troubling genre, offering global perspectives that go beyond the narrow frame of Euro-American fiction, to include works from Africa, Asia, and Scandinavia, as well as Indigenous voices, and ranging from novels and magazines to movies and games. The Cambridge Companion to Literature and the Weird is both a comprehensive history and a broad reimagining of the field, perfect for general readers, undergraduate researchers, and scholars of the form.
Across historical periods-from ancient temple theodicies to early Christian-Muslim cooperation in the Umayyad world-the concept of loyalty can be considered both a stabilizing force and a site of contestation. This richly textured volume brings together Christian and Muslim scholars to explore loyalty as a complex, morally charged notion within interrelated religious and philosophical traditions. Drawing on textual, historical, philosophical, and ethnographic approaches, separate chapters variously trace the nuances of loyalty's evolution from scriptural foundations to contemporary ethical crises. Scholars of Islam examine Qur'anic and Sufi articulations of covenant, fidelity, and walā', highlighting tensions between loyalty to God, community, and the moral self. Contributions from the Christian tradition, meanwhile, explore fraternity, kenosis, ecclesial allegiance, and political loyalty, negotiating communal belonging against conscience and self-emptying love. Collectively, these pieces argue that loyalty becomes virtuous only when critically examined and subordinated to higher moral ends: God, justice, and human flourishing.
Vladimir Lenin remains one of the most significant figures of the twentieth century: a major socialist thinker, the leading figure in the October Revolution of 1917 in Russia and an enduring influence on the global revolutionary movement. This Companion offers a major reassessment of Lenin, his thought, experiences and legacy, through a series of concise and accessible chapters, grounded in the latest research. It provides an authoritative survey of important themes and events from the time of Lenin's emergence as a Marxist thinker, writer and revolutionary to his actions during Russia's revolutionary period. Central aspects of Lenin's thought are explored in depth, including revolution, the state, violence, gender, race and culture. The volume also explores the theoretical significance and enduring memorialisation of Lenin over a century after his death.
Why does inheritance law persist in modern legal systems, and what justifies the transmission of property beyond death? This book develops a holistic theory of inheritance grounded in the concept of continuity. It moves beyond traditional accounts centered on testamentary freedom or family protection and argues that inheritance law responds to a fundamental problem created by mortality: the disruption of ownership at death. The book offers a theory that explains both testamentary freedom regimes and family-protection systems as alternative forms of continuity. It therefore enables a comparative analysis of different systems. It also advances a normative conception of continuity as a collaboration between the deceased giver and surviving recipients and, based on this conception, offers concrete criteria for evaluating legal doctrines across jurisdictions. Bringing mortality to the center of property theory, this work provides a coherent, comparative, and normatively rich account of inheritance law for scholars, students, and legal theorists.
The Cambridge Companion to Colson Whitehead offers an accessible, engaging guide to one of today's most influential American writers. Designed for readers, students, professors, teachers, and reading circles, it illuminates Whitehead's extraordinary range – from historical epics and speculative fiction to satire and coming-of-age narratives. The book provides clear explanations of his major themes, including race, memory, trauma, and American mythmaking, while tracing how his innovative storytelling and genre-blending have reshaped contemporary literature. Each chapter offers concise analysis, cultural context, and practical insights that deepen appreciation for Whitehead's novels. Ideal for classrooms, libraries, and book discussions, this companion helps readers understand why Whitehead's work resonates so widely and equips students and teachers to engage with his writing with confidence. Whether new to his fiction or revisiting it with fresh eyes, readers will find a thoughtful, comprehensive resource that enriches their engagement with his remarkable body of work.
How is our experience of the world shaped by shadows and their collaboration with light? This vivid, extensively illustrated book uncovers the hidden lives of shadows, beginning by showing how these dark areas have become the basis of different meanings, myths, metaphors, cultural beliefs, and stories, and then describing the physical principles responsible for the many shapes, sizes and types of shadows. The practical significance of shadows is then revealed by showing how they influence our everyday perception of objects and scenes and have been used to study the moon and planets, while creating natural environments that are essential for the survival of plants, animals and humans. The book climaxes with richly illustrated descriptions of the creation and experience of shadows in painting, photography, film and architectural environments. Engaging and endlessly surprising, this book will deepen your appreciation of shadows and change the way you perceive the world around you.