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George MacDonald (1824–1905) remains one of the most persistently read and beloved of the Victorians. His fairy tales and children's books have delighted generations of young readers, while his sermons, essays, and poems still offer startling insights to life and literature. He has increasingly been recognised as one of Scotland's most important nineteenth-century novelists. Here, seventeen new essays from an international, diverse group of scholars illuminate the crucial aspects of MacDonald's remarkable, varied works. The chapters are organised around MacDonald's life, major genres, and central themes, and provide clear points of entry for students, researchers, and curious readers. For readers approaching MacDonald's works for the first time and for those renewing a long acquaintance, The Cambridge Companion to George MacDonald is an indispensable guide. With a foreword by Malcom Guite and an afterword by Roderick McGillis.
Aimed at undergraduate students, this text guides readers through the methods and principles of machine learning in an approachable manner without sacrificing mathematical precision or notation. Step-by-step explanations allow students to grasp complicated mathematical calculations and translate the theory and mathematics into programming and applications. The text presents machine learning concepts visually, and uses example datasets from fictional hippopotamuses and illustrations to explain the material in a unique, but easily understood and engaging way. Worked examples connect the mathematics and algorithms to real-world applications and enable students to utilize this technology in new and ever-changing circumstances. Topics covered include Bayesian reasoning, linear regression and classification, margin-based classification, cross-validation, neural networks, decision trees, clustering and dimensionality reduction. End-of-chapter mathematical exercises and additional coding projects reinforce application and decision-making skills.
This book offers a comprehensive introduction to nearly invariant subspaces, a subject of active contemporary research within functional analysis. Written for graduate students in mathematical analysis and suitable as a reference for experienced researchers, the book surveys the historical development of nearly invariant subspaces from their origins in the study of kernels of Toeplitz operators and invariant subspaces of shift operators. It presents recent advances, including applications to the invariant subspace problem, to truncated Toeplitz operators, and to strongly continuous semigroups of operators. Although mostly concerned with operators on Hardy spaces, the book includes a discussion of the subject in the context of Bergman and Dirichlet spaces too. The book begins with a chapter recalling basic results in analysis and function theory, and each chapter contains a selection of accessible exercises to supplement the text.
Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA) does not have to be complicated. This fully updated second edition translates TIVA into an engaging, and practical guide for anaesthesia practitioners at all levels. Written in clear, straightforward language and enriched with insights from international experts, the book covers everything from core principles to advanced techniques, including pharmacokinetic models, dosage calculations, and emergency applications. Featuring practical advice for treating a wide range of patients - from routine elective cases to paediatric, geriatric, obese, and pregnant individuals - making it an essential resource for safe, confident anaesthetic care. Including real-world examples, diagrams, and step-by-step evidence-based guidance on TIVA techniques, drug pharmacology, and protocols, the authors bring fresh perspectives and updated knowledge to reflect the latest research and innovations. Whether you're starting out or refining your skills, this handbook delivers the clarity, confidence, and practical guidance needed to master TIVA in everyday clinical settings – an essential companion.
This undergraduate textbook carefully introduces the fundamentals of axiomatic set theory; a rich and beautiful subject whose fundamental concepts permeate virtually every branch of mathematics. One can thus say that set theory is a foundation for mathematics. The proofs are rigorous, clear, and complete, while remaining accessible to undergraduates who are new to upper-level mathematics. Topics covered include relations, functions, the natural numbers, order, cardinality, transfinite recursion, the axiom of choice, ordinal numbers, and cardinal numbers. Exercises are given at the end of each section in a chapter. The second edition includes a new chapter on set-theoretic constructions of the integers, the rational numbers, and the real numbers; a new chapter on models of set theory. There are also new sections on the hyperreals and applications of stationary sets, club sets, and Fodor's Theorem, as well as additional explanation, examples, and figures. A solutions manual is available for instructors.
American and British English in the twenty-first century are still divided by a common language. Now in its second edition, this highly readable guide provides an authoritative reference to English usage, covering the differences, and some emerging similarities, between British, American and international English. It has been thoroughly updated and expanded to document hundreds of variable points of usage for the benefit of British and American readers, and for those seeking international forms of English for written communication, as first- or second-language users. It discusses the current status of each usage item with quantitative evidence from the NOW (News on the Web) corpus and contemporary research. Lively examples of usage are provided to capture aspects of twenty-first century culture world-wide. It also discusses issues in the use of personal names and ethnic naming practices, as well as sexist and homophobic words, and person-centred words for those living with a disability.
How and why did military history emerge, expand and diversify in Britain between 1815 and 1914? Through an exploration of army educational material, university syllabuses and popular history for the reading public, Adam Dighton provides the first comprehensive account of military history's appearance as a historical genre in Britain. By considering the subject's development as it was understood by contemporary readers, historians and publishers, he challenges existing descriptions of the nature, scope and theoretical complexity of nineteenth-century historical writing. He shows how military history came to play a crucial role in officer education and examines the extent to which the writing of prominent military thinkers, such as Jomini and Clausewitz, influenced how the subject was studied. He also explores the ways military history portrayed warfare, the British Army and empire to the reading public, as well as how it was employed to further the ends of imperial rule.
Billions flow through illicit trade annually, harming societies and economies, yet the International Community struggle to respond effectively. This book provides a groundbreaking, integrated perspective, bridging the divide between Public International Law and WTO Law to offer a cohesive strategy against illicit trade. It starts by proposing a much-needed definition and innovative typologies – like per se vs de facto – to systematically understand the phenomenon. Real-world case studies and analysis of state regulatory measures illustrate the practical challenges. The author critiques the WTO's evasive stance, dissecting key dispute settlement cases, and introduces the concept of 'International Law Against Illicit Trade' (ILAIT) based on established legal principles. Offering more than mere critique, the book culminates in specific, actionable proposals for WTO reform, making a compelling case for adapting trade rules to fight illicit trade effectively. This book is a vital resource for anyone involved in international trade law and policy.
What is the moral foundation of human rights, justice, and the rule of law? In a time of deep cultural and political division, this volume charts the rich history of one of the most enduring ideas in Western thought: that moral and legal norms are rooted in human nature and accessible to reason. Spanning ancient, medieval, early modern, and contemporary traditions-including Islamic and African-American perspectives-the volume shows how Natural Law has evolved and how it continues to shape debates in ethics, politics, and jurisprudence. With chapters on Aristotle, Aquinas, Grotius, Locke, and the American Founders, as well as modern voices like Jacques Maritain and Martin Luther King, it offers both historical depth and philosophical clarity. Essential reading for students and scholars in philosophy, law, theology, and political theory, it invites readers to rediscover a tradition that speaks urgently to the moral challenges of our time.
Aquinas argues that, abstracting from divine revelation, God's existence can be argued for successfully, and that God is the source of the existence of all that is not divine for as long as it exists. His philosophical thought about God has been seminal for later thinkers, but can be hard to grasp as it is scattered across a broad range of his writings. This book provides a comprehensive and accessible single-volume account of Aquinas's philosophy of God which also evaluates it in the light both of various criticisms that have been made of it, and of philosophical thought more generally. It situates Aquinas's thinking about God in relation to major philosophers of the past and a number of important philosophers writing today, which will enable readers to understand Aquinas's philosophy of God in the context of centuries of philosophical thought.
During the nineteenth century, a plethora of literary authors began imagining that humanity could affect the global climate. Paradoxically, they did this not through the scientific paradigm of global warming, but its perverse inverse: climate control. Rigorously contextualized by the climate events, science, and technology of the nineteenth century, this study compares how canonical figures such as Mark Twain and neglected authors such as Rokeya Hossain represented global climate control as an apocalyptic, utopian, and literary invention. It argues that these authors expressed a shift to an Anthropocene awareness not through prophetic representations of catastrophic change but rather through Promethean fantasies of control. Revelatory for scholars working in both nineteenth-century studies and the environmental humanities, this is the story of the progressive inscription of atmospheric control into ensuing Western modernism and modernity long before the advent of 'global warming'.
The Late Ramesside Letters comprise over seventy surviving texts from the end of Egypt's New Kingdom, created by a community living around the Medinet Habu temple complex in western Thebes. These letters reveal how individuals negotiated varied social relationships and communicative norms, including interactions with the divine. By applying frameworks from (Im)politeness Research – such as Discernment Politeness, Facework, Politic Behaviour, Frame Theory, and Ritual – it is possible to reconstruct the underlying (im)politeness system that shaped all communication within this community. This approach highlights how specific linguistic patterns supported social harmony, managed tensions, and facilitated obligations to both people and gods. The analysis also identifies emerging phenomena that require new theoretical directions, such as the unique strategies used to maintain relationships with deities. Ultimately, the letters demonstrate that Power permeated every level of interaction, and its centrality within this linguaculture challenges modern assumptions about how Power operates in contemporary societies.
Like blame, praise has historically been considered one of the defining aspects of morality. Yet unlike blame, praise has received comparatively little dedicated attention in the philosophical canon. Does this emphasis on the negative tell us something about the nature of morality, or is it an accidental feature of the history of philosophy? This volume is the first collection of its kind to include state of the art discussions of the morality of praise as that topic relates to central issues in moral and political theory. Topics addressed in the volume include how the morality of praise relates to the morality of blame; how the apt praise of agents relates to their praiseworthiness; whether agents can be praiseworthy for their beliefs; how the morality of praise is affected by questions about autonomy, identity and luck, and the relationship between praise and distributive justice. The essays in this collection will be of interest to students and researchers in philosophy as well as to the general reader with an interest in questions of moral responsibility.
The linguistic landscape has shifted considerably over the last twenty years, making it increasingly less clear how the key components of language (phonology, syntax, and semantics) communicate and interact with one another. With contributions from a team of renowned scholars, this volume addresses this gap by offering an interdisciplinary account of the current state of knowledge on linguistic interfaces. Chapters are split into five parts, and provide detailed, cutting-edge overviews of the main theoretical approaches to how grammatical components interact. The volume also includes in-depth descriptions of the empirical domains and individual phenomena in which the interface between syntax, semantics, and phonology becomes more informative, along with their psycholinguistic implications for processing and acquisition. Combining empirical data with theoretical analysis, it enables readers to assess and compare linguistic phenomena from multiple perspectives. It is essential reading for researchers and advanced students in syntax, morphology, semantics, pragmatics, phonetics and phonology.
Ninety years ago an international war against fascism was fought, and lost, in Spain. Defeat triggered a World War that drove back the Nazi empire and its collaborators, but the progressive dream of more equal societies which antifascists had fought for in Spain was afterwards paralysed by a conservative Cold War order everywhere. Helen Graham vividly tells this history through the interconnected lives of five diverse activists and creatives who defended democracy in Spain and were afterwards scattered across continents by continuing war, political repression and the Holocaust. With courageous imagination they transformed their losses into new ways of living and resisting. As the stakes rise again today, the urgency of reconnecting with these lives redoubles: in the face of 'post-truth' advances, this book testifies to forensic history as a form of resistance, and to the lasting importance of Spain's faraway war that remains forever near.