This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book explores communities in early medieval Britain like the territory of the Dunsaete that were part of a broader region where Anglo-Saxons and Welsh lived in close proximity for hundreds of years. It describes how the Welsh borderlands before 1066 were depicted in literary and historical texts from early medieval Britain. The book argues that the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle represents the military culture of the Welsh borderlands in a distinctive way which aligns its inhabitants with outlaws. It articulates a discernible culture in the Welsh borderlands prior to 1066, revealing a new facet of the Norman impact on England. The book suggests that some of the singular characteristics of the region that would later become the March of Wales began to take shape during the Anglo-Saxon period.

William Haller wrote about John Foxe and national consciousness in The Elect Nation, 36 years ago. There were also arguments deployed against his thesis by Katherine Firth, V. Norskov Olsen, and others. Firth believed that Haller had virtually invented an ‘apocalyptic nationalism’ which she nowhere found in Foxe or in any of his near contemporaries. Olsen insists that Foxe's Book of Martyrs is about that Church, not about the nation. Although the Book of Martyrs was its commonest designation, its status as either a ‘book of credit, next to the Bible’, or a great farrago of lies from start to finish, was bound up with the person of Foxe himself.

This chapter describes the self of hermaphrodites as it appears in cases of sex reassignment following medical examinations. It introduces the historiography of sex and self. It also discusses how the selves of hermaphrodites were envisioned in German and French medical case histories. Dror Wahrman's theory is very helpful in making a distinction between different ways in which the self has been conceptualized throughout history. He shows a distinct shift in the appreciation of women playing men's roles. The self was not conceived of as a distinct entity, but presented in its connection to either the outside world or to the body. Sex is an indication of someone's proper place in society. It is a location and reassigning it uproots a person. It is noted that a reassignment of sex or an annulment of marriage deeply affected the lives of the people involved in hermaphrodite.

Of all the reversals of attitude which followed the changing international situation after March 1938, the most dramatic was that of the Manchester Yeshiva. The admission of refugees contributed to an already critical financial deficit and was accompanied by fresh campaigns against such long-term latitudinarian opponents as the Talmud Torah. The explanation lies rather in the Yeshiva's open and unapologetic defiance of financial logic, communal policy and Home Office regulations, even of what might have seemed the reasonable caution of some of its own committee men, to pursue a campaign of rescue based as much on the humanitarian dictates of Jewish orthodoxy as its more routine battles for the religious integrity of the community.

The civil service had particular reason to welcome a Fianna Fáil government, as the party deliberately courted its support with promises of an arbitration system to address its grievances. The promise of dynamic State action also signalled a central role for the civil service under such a government, which campaigned on economic development. It moved to meet their commitments to the civil service on the bonus and on an arbitration board. The result of the Harry Lisney judgement was an immediate rush of 132 applications, of which 109 succeeded. The civil service associations had to rely on the Labour Party and William Norton in particular to make the case for a less-oppressive relationship between the State and the civil service. Bunreacht na hÉireann was the last stage in the dismantling of the Treaty settlement. The new form of State power needed a new image of the civil servant.

In seeking to establish more democratic and pluralist forms of politics, liberalism's critics seek to break with the legal epistemology and the correspondingly limited forms of legitimacy that the dichotomies entail in practice. Increased legitimacy beyond liberal legal form is pursued by widening the scope of what counts as valid political-epistemological experience in liberalism, in order to reconcile theory and practice beyond the limits of liberal guarantees of non-interference. Much of post-1968 social and political theory has set itself the task of moving beyond metaphysics and idealism to the real world of subjective experience and agency of actually existing social actors and groups. Liberalism was compelled in practice to evolve into liberal democracy and social democracy, though not before passing through a period of authoritarian transition in countries like Italy, Germany, Spain, Portugal and Greece.

This brief chapter attempts to recall to the reader what has gone before, and to convey the ‘excitement, surprise and enjoyment’ that is to be found in the study of the Burley manuscript. At the outset, the author had three tasks whose successful accomplishment was then problematic: an historical and analytical description of the manuscript, an annotated edition of the English private letters, and another of the English verse. The detective work on the collection itself, on the compiler, William Parkhurst, and his fellow-scribes, and on the individual letters and poems has revealed some things that were generally unknown. Among the English verse, although some of the identifiable poems have been found to contribute something to our understanding of the poem, the poet, or the scribe, a great source of joy is the quality of some of the anonymous verse. Similarly with the letters: much excitement lies in what seem to be first-hand copies of the correspondence of Donne, Wotton and Goodere, but much delight, too, from the anonymous or guessed-at authors of the other letters.

Chapters 6 and 7 dealt with the substantive requirements of the torts of trespass to the person and trespass to property and goods. This chapter deals with the defences and remedies available to those actions.Defences to trespass based on self-help include the defences of self-defence or defence of another, defence of property, necessity or abatement. Defences based on justification are consent and the exercise of disciplinary powers. There is a fault-based defence of inevitable accident. Provocation, mistake, contributory negligence and the incapacity of the defendant are not defences to trespass.The remedies available for trespass to the person include damages (nominal, compensatory, aggravated and exemplary) and injunctions.

This chapter discusses Lola and La Baie des Anges in the light of Nouvelle Vague techniques and concerns, plus the aesthetics and themes that are specifically associated with Jacques Demy's personal filmmaking. It examines how Demy's sequel to Lola, Model Shop, exported some of the iconic practices of the movement to Hollywood in a remarkable act of singular vision that countered the expectations of his Universal Studios financiers. Congruent with many Nouvelle Vague films, Lola pays homage to cinematic antecedents, particularly Max Ophuls to whom it is dedicated. Shot in real locations with natural sound and lighting, and featuring actual casino croupiers, La Baie des Anges achieves a style akin to the gritty realism often associated with the Nouvelle Vague. Though more naturalistic than Lola, La Baie des Anges nonetheless obtains a lyrical quality that aligns it with Demy's personal style.

This chapter reviews the League of Nations Union's (LNU) popular support in Britain's schools, adult education bodies and universities. The campaign to internationalise the school curriculum was amongst the most successful ventures of the interwar League movement. The LNU drew leverage from the League's own endeavours in the sphere of ‘intellectual cooperation’. The League's own activities in the educational sphere provided an important source of leverage which helped the LNU to translate the power of these ideals into concrete institutional backing and innovative classroom practice. Educational provision in Britain was highly decentralised between the wars. The LNU was able to leverage the authority of the League as a means of bestowing legitimacy upon its educational aims. Coverage of the League in the curriculum could vary wildly between schools. Teaching ‘world citizenship’ did not fundamentally challenge the integrative role of the education system.

By the First World War, Southampton was beginning to rival Liverpool as Britain's leading transmigrant port. It provided routes to north and south Atlantic destinations, especially, from the 1890s, to eastern (and, to a lesser extent, southern and northern) European migrants who had broken their journey in England. Transmigrancy was big business. It has been estimated that ‘The alien passenger, and in particular the transmigrant flows through Britain’ totalled one-third of all the passenger trade of British shipping companies. This chapter examines the memory work associated with the world's most famous ship, the Titanic, and Britain's most beloved airplane, the Spitfire—both with intimate connections to Southampton—in order to analyse the amnesia surrounding transmigrancy, and the ideological and cultural factors behind it.

Turning more directly to the pivotal figure of George Fox himself, this chapter suggests that the foundational dissolution of boundaries between human and divine established in the earlier chapters generated access to a quality in Fox and other early Friends characterised by Thomas Carlyle as a ‘sacred Self-confidence’. Taking his Journal as the focus, it examines Fox's own account of his affective transformation from an anxious seeker after truth in a predominantly Calvinist religious context to a confident, assured bearer of that truth in a world still torn between the forces of light and darkness. How, the chapter asks, did the inward light structure and direct this shift towards an unshakeable assurance in Fox, and how did it maintain it, in the face of a range of contrary pressures? How does the subjectivity constructed by the Journal negotiate not only the forces of opposition in the wider culture, but also the forces of ‘anxious masculinity’ so often found in other kinds of seventeenth-century self-inscription? The chapter locates this transformation in a relationship of ‘heteronomous agency’ predicated on the movement's conception of the indwelling Christ. It argues that this model of dependent potency established a mode of confident subjectivity rarely found in other contemporary radical religious groups.

By the beginning of the twentieth century, international concern regarding the 'quality of national stock' was focusing attention on the issue of maternity and child welfare as a potential area of social service and national regeneration. Mary E. Daly noted that in the early part of the twentieth century, the ignorance of Dublin mothers was blamed for the high rate of infant mortality in the city. J. Lewis noted that in England the promotion of breastfeeding and 'mothercraft' became central to maternity and child welfare services. As long as welfare provision was restricted to poor widowed mothers, it provoked few objections because this approach to welfare carried with it an element of charity. The nineteenth-century legacy of the fear of proselytism lent itself comfortably to the growing conviction that the moral integrity of the country depended on the Catholic charities outwitting their Protestant or 'non-sectarian' contenders.

This chapter will address the two nuisance torts: private nuisance and public nuisance. Both torts concern interferences with the plaintiff’s ability to use and enjoy their land, with the extent of the interference the key determinant of which tort is applicable. Private nuisance involves an interference with the plaintiff’s use and enjoyment of their individual property rights, whereas public nuisance involves an interference with the health safety, comfort and convenience of the public at large, but where the plaintiff has suffered special or particular damage over and above other members of the public.The nuisance torts play an important role in providing a cause of action for environmental pollutants, such as noise, smell, smoke and fumes. The torts are adaptive to contemporary twenty-first century issues – for instance, it is possible that these torts can be utilised to obtain remedies from operators of facilities that emit greenhouse gas emissions for harm caused by global warming and rising sea levels.