This chapter argues that Déat and his allies rallied to a politics of collaboration not because of a prior affinity with fascism, but through the vector of pacifism and appeasement. After his marginalization by the Popular Front, Déat re-emerged as a leader of the pacifist camp as the political field became polarized around the question of war. Déat adopted an anti-anti-fascist stance, downplaying his prior opposition to fascism as he forged new alliances with pacifists on both the left and right. It was through the politics of appeasement that Déat and his pacifist allies found themselves favorably disposed to Franco-German collaboration and an authoritarian “national revolution” after France’s defeat. In Vichy, Déat sought unsuccessfully to position himself as a leader of the “national revolution.” This was not a simple continuation of his past neo-socialist commitments but represented an adaptation to the unique conjuncture of Vichy in 1940.

What is the most common type of violence in forensic hospital settings?

This chapter explores how in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), as a non-transitional context, transitional justice discourse and logic is mobilised in diverse and innovative ways. While some justice initiatives explicitly adopt the rhetoric of transitional justice, others align with its logic and objectives without directly invoking the language. The chapter examines three key cases: how specific groups, such as youth, engage in transitional justice claims; how particular demands, notably regarding sexual and gender-based violence, shape justice efforts; and how transitional justice is repurposed in new struggles, including environmental justice. Through perspectives from eastern DRC, the chapter highlights how innovation and experimentation emerge in response to institutional limitations and contextual needs, ultimately questioning and expanding the boundaries of transitional justice as both a discourse and a practice.

It is a standing joke in academia that some of the worst undergraduate papers begin with the phrase “Since the beginning of time … ” and then go downhill from there. I easily could’ve started this book off the same way. “Since the beginning of time, people have been talking about weather … ” But in this instance at least, people actually have been talking about weather since the beginning of time – seriously, likely at least since the moment that we could begin talking about anything – and they have been conjecturing and hypothesizing about how weather will affect them. All this to say, I can’t purport to give a comprehensive overview of everything that’s ever been said in a short book like this.

James Bryce was one of the foremost academic intellectuals of his time, and a notable polymath, eminent as historian, jurist, Americanist, humanitarian, mountaineer, cabinet minister, diplomat and much else. His Manchester connections are forgotten. Yet his connections with Owens College were deep (he drafted its first constitution in 1869) and enduring (he was for many years a governor, and fifty years later he opened the Arts Building). This chapter uses Bryce’s career at Owens (lecturer 1867–70; Professor of Jurisprudence 1870–75) to uni the significance of the new kind of institution Owens became in the wake of the ‘extension’ of the college in 1870: one with a ‘public’ form of governance which tied it much more firmly to its civic mission. It explores the connections between the reconstitution of the college and heated political contests in Manchester and beyond over the control of educational endowments, and nationally over the abolition of religious tests.

The epilogue takes into consideration certain elements of international aid that, since the start of the 1990s, have been seen as forming part of the news. The intention is not so much to understand how radical the change was that took place after the end of the Cold War but to reiterate the usefulness of a long-term view, which may offer important keys to interpreting and then understanding present times.

Scholarship rarely, if ever, reads Mashreq transregionalism with Algerian literature in French, treating these corpuses as non-conversant at best – and silent enemies at worst. By identifying systems of interacting with texts as interpretive sensibilities, I move away from proper languages as the grounds for a historically troubled comparison. Instead, I investigate differing understandings of polysemy in these two literary systems. Poststructuralist reading methods, which emerged in tandem with Maghrebi literatures after decolonization and remain predominant in academic literary studies, valorize polysemy as a sign of emancipatory reading. In contrast, Mashreq transregionalists associated ambiguities of reading with coercive, state-supported hermeneutics that deprive readers of interpretive autonomy. Drawing on critical essays, calls for print reform, and an interview with Youssef, this chapter outlines a new comparative method for literatures across Maghreb and Mashreq, French and Arabic, founded in plural interpretive sensibilities, or systems of interacting with texts.

Chapter 19, “Chapters in Edited Volumes,” outlines the steps required to write a chapter for an edited volume, identifying unique considerations that distinguish this type of publication from other genres of academic writing. We highlight the ways in which writing a chapter for an edited volume will differ, depending on whether the chapter is intended for a handbook, a research volume, or conference proceedings.

Women in mid-nineteenth-century Madrid participated in salon culture as a means of social mobility and musical expression, navigating both the opportunities and constraints of gender norms. As salons expanded beyond aristocratic circles into the bourgeoisie, music became a key marker of cultural refinement and an avenue for female participation in public and semiprivate artistic spaces. Institutions like the Liceo Artístico y Literario de Madrid provided performance opportunities, though women also faced criticism for their growing visibility. Figures such as Paulina Cabrero exemplified the dual role of women as performers and composers, blurring boundaries between domestic leisure and public recognition. Personal albums, inscribed with musical compositions, poetry, and dedications, serve as vital sources for understanding salon culture’s influence on female artistic agency. Examining these albums alongside periodicals and historical accounts, this study situates salon culture within Spain’s broader sociopolitical transformations, highlighting its impact on women’s musical production, education, and cultural expression.

DJ culture has long been associated with the collective experience of the dance floor in Electronic Dance Music Cultures (EDMCs), yet it has also spread through various forms of broadcast technology, from radio to television and the internet. In this chapter, we explore some of the ways that DJ culture adapted to the conditions of social isolation that defined the Covid-19 pandemic. We are particularly interested in the adoption of the streaming platform Twitch to facilitate aspects of virtual belonging and online community that emerged to redress the absence of the dance floor. We are also interested in how ‘online DJing’ constructs conditions for virtual engagement by remediating forms of broadcast media. In this chapter we address how DJ culture navigated the transition from in-person events to ‘being-scene’ on the screen, and how affective experiences of the dance floor, the ‘vibe’ and its communitas transformed during this process.

This chapter shows how Laura Riding’s poetry was responding to a now-unrecognisable scientific regime of reading that prioritised exactitude over ambiguity. For her, this regime was brought about by the emergence of a new kind of literary critic, one she scathingly referred to as a bureaucratic ‘expert’. In response, her verse aimed to develop a superior form of exactitude, which she hoped would provide a poetics of literal truth. However, this chapter suggests that if Riding’s poetry does evince a truth-content, then it is not in its supposed exactitude but rather in how its artifice demonstrates a thinking precisely in excess of the forms of rational knowing that sought to determine it. In Riding’s own poetry – and this despite her best intentions – it is precisely what she would call its graphic and sonorous ‘freakishness’ that displayed the truth-content of that which scientific modernity consigned to the unknowable. This chapter thus reads Riding as an unchosen path for the history of poetics, one devoted to thinking about poetry’s singular truth-content in an era devoted to scientific specialisation and professionalisation.

This chapter is a quick introduction to the history of simulation, why simulation is a powerful tool in medical education, and basic tools needed to run a successful simulation.

This case presents a detailed medical scenario involving a chemical attack at a country fair, where an unknown substance is sprayed into the crowd, leading to multiple cases of organophosphate poisoning. The scenario revolves around the arrival of a 31-year-old male at a community emergency department, suffering from respiratory distress, vomiting, and symptoms consistent with cholinergic toxidrome. The patient and several others were exposed to a toxic substance at the fair, requiring immediate decontamination and treatment with pralidoxime and atropine. Key teaching objectives include recognizing the signs of organophosphate poisoning, performing patient decontamination, and addressing whether critical treatment can be initiated prior to decontamination in life-threatening cases. The scenario also emphasizes coordination with EMS to assess HazMat risks, airway management, and the recognition of cholinergic toxidrome, along with the potential for an atropine shortage if multiple patients are involved.

Through intertext, adaptation, nominative re-births and epiphanies, Lolita (1955) enacts a kind of incestuous narcissism, a self-consuming act of libidinality and linguistic desire that offers a fantasy of self-exculpation and discovery, a narrative of abuse and trauma, and a meta-fiction that revels in the performative perversions its characters suffer from. Each part of the novel is born of an incestuous relationship with an earlier (part of the) text, every subsequent re-statement of Lolita carries this textual-familial weight.This essay frames an analysis of the novel and its two filmic daughters in the light of these three strands: a realist fantasy of a man’s maniac relationship with a girl who becomes his daughter and sexual partner; his ‘confession’, her distorted trauma tale; the various formal, stylistic, intertextual “incests” that stand in dizzying juxtaposition to the ‘ethical impact’ assigned to it by the pre-facing John Ray Jr.

This chapter shows how the Brazilian Congress, operating in a dictatorship in which factions had unstable and uneven levels of unity and embeddedness, oscillated betwen working as a reviser and as a notary legislature. Quantitative analyses and case studies of tax policy, budgetary policy, and constitutional reforms show that while Congress was institutionally empowered to amend and reject government initiatives, it was more likely to exercise its lawmaking powers against initiatives sponsored by nondominant factions that were less able to retaliate, and less likely to be able to sustain its decisions against the executive when the presidency was controlled by a military faction with high levels of unity and embeddedness. Still, repeatedly probing the boundaries of representation, Brazilian legislators managed to frustrate important economic policies and to force the military into initiating the transition to democracy.