This chapter examines the evolving engagement of the Syrian diaspora in Germany with justice processes through the lens of post-revolutionary diasporic consciousness. It focuses on the intersection between accountability for the Assad regime’s atrocities and the broader struggle against structural oppression and political exclusion in exile. Syrians living in the diaspora face a dual struggle. They address Syria’s violent past while grappling with marginalisation in host countries. Disillusionment with Universal Jurisdiction frameworks, coupled with anti-migration policies, has led to a shift towards grassroots and artistic practices that better reflect lived realities. As a result, Syrian justice efforts simultaneously mobilise and demobilise elements of different transitional justice approaches, rather than following a linear progression or standardised logic. Drawing on fieldwork conducted between 2019 and 2024, the chapter argues that the intersecting identities and positionalities of Syrian migrants shape intersecting justice struggles, reframing justice as a transnational, multi-faceted pursuit of recognition, inclusion, and agency.

Pay structures and collective bargaining are central to compensation management. This chapter explores how salary bands, job classifications, and union negotiations impact internal pay equity. It examines how organizations balance fairness, employee expectations, and market competitiveness when setting pay ranges. Topics include the impact of unions on wages, how pay compression affects employee morale, and strategies for effective collective bargaining. By understanding these dynamics, managers can better design compensation systems that align with business and workforce needs.

Itineraries of poetry across language boundaries do not necessarily entail actual travel on the poet’s part. However, writers ancient and modern did go on excursions to the lands associated with the poetic traditions with which they interacted – as did readers too. Chapter 5 resumes discussion of two poets who appeared in Chapter 4, Joachim Du Bellay in sixteenth-century France (via the French Antiquitez de Rome, the Latin Elegiae, and other works) and John Milton in seventeenth-century England (via the bilingual double book of 1645, its Latin half framed by dedicatory testimonia from learned Italians and by the career-punctuating Epitaph for Damon). For both, language choice would have been an issue even without their ventures abroad; but both use their time in Italy to explore, sharpen, thematize, and problematize transcultural issues of language and identity. Is the passage to Italy a celebration of linguistic cosmopolitanism or a test of linguistic loyalty, a journey home or a journey into exile and alienation? What kinds of language question do poetic travellers to Italy negotiate, and what Rome, or whose Rome, do they find?

Floods along with deep and rushing water often accompany hurricanes. These lead to sequelae of drowning, near drowning, trauma, and hypothermic patients. Each patient’s care should be dictated by the ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) and reevaluations are critical for appropriate resuscitations.

1–22 The narrator resumes the main thread of his narrative after the Libyan logos of 4.145–205. Having taken his leave of the Persian general Megabazus while the latter was subduing (imperfect κατεστρέφετο) ‘those people of the Hellespont who did not take the side of the Persians’ (4.144.3), he now recounts how the Persians led by Megabazus subdue (aorist κατεστρέψαντο) the Perinthians (1–2), the coastal Thracians (3–10), and (part of) the Paeonians, another Thracian tribe (12–6), while their last target, the Macedonians, medize, though not without some form of resistance by the youthful prince Alexander (17–22).

Music was an important carrier of national inspiration and national sentiment: not only as a high art form (conservatoire-trained professional musicians performing for paying audiences) but also as a platform for participatory performance and rousing conviviality. For the former aspect the sample case is that of Franz Liszt, who, after an early cosmopolitan life, rediscovered his Hungarian roots and celebrated them in his rhapsodies. Those rhapsodies in turn provided a template for any composer, anywhere in Europe, who wanted to compose in a national vein. The more convivial aspect of music is surveyed by way of the choral movement, so widespread in the nineteenth century. Choral societies were an important aspect of nineteenth-century sociability, spreading from city to city, linking these cities in mutual visits and federative festivals, and drawing on the nationwide availability of a repertoire often patriotically celebrating the nation. The nation-building aspect of the choral movement, with its inspiring and mobilizing powers, is strikingly illustrated by the appropriation of the German format of the Sängerfest by the non-German populations of the Baltic countries for their own national purposes.

The incidence of adnexal pathology diagnosed in the first trimester varies from 0.2 to 6 per cent. The majority are ovarian cysts of less than 5-6cm in diameter that will spontaneoulsy resolve. Larger masses or those with a more complex appearance are less likely to resolve spontaneously and may represent a neoplastic process. The overall risk of malignancy in adnexal masses is however low at 1-8 per cent. Adnecxal torsion can occur in pregnancy and the risk decreases as the gestation increases. During pregnancy, the same ovarian masses can be found as in the non pregnant population. Additionally a number of pregnancy-associated masses may occur.

This chapter explains the importance of the values of freedom and democracy in the Cold War struggle between Italian Communists and anti-Communists. As soon as Cold War tensions broke down the ‘national unity’ of anti-Fascist forces, both fronts claimed to be the exclusive representatives of ‘true’ democracy, and compared their competitor with the defeated Fascist enemy. The Socialist–Communist alliance acquired the programme of ‘progressive’ (or ‘people’s’) democracy inspired by the experiments in Central and Eastern Europe, and made it the base for its opposition to the supposed Christian-Democratic ‘restoration’ of a new ‘reactionary clerical Fascism’, along with the defence of the guarantees for parliamentary opposition established by the republican Constitution of 1948.The anti-Communist front, on its side, found strong unifying motifs in the description of Soviet dictatorship and the ‘sovietisation’ of the countries occupied by the Red Army filtered beyond the Iron Curtain, and in their comparison with ‘totalitarian’ experiences lived by Italians in the past years.

Executive compensation is a complex and often controversial topic. This chapter examines CEO pay packages, board governance, and regulatory oversight of executive compensation. It discusses golden parachutes, performance-linked incentives, and the role of compensation committees in setting executive pay. The chapter also explores ethical considerations, such as income inequality and corporate pay transparency. Readers will gain insights into the challenges and best practices of designing executive compensation plans.

This chapter introduces the notion of the rave moment as an aesthetic experience that foregrounds affect. Its theorisation takes place in the context of an affect-deficit society through the case study of a series of dance parties that took place in Blackburn, UK, between 1989 and 1990. Seemingly resisting a categorisation within hegemonic discourses of raves, the Blackburn parties are used to show that the rave moment is a cultural product that can be exported and adapted. Its flexibility is evident in the changing character of the parties with regard to their location, organisational structure, popularity and promoted values. On the one hand, it is difficult to portray them as a coherent series of events. On the other hand, the parties were retrospectively labelled as ‘raves‘ in an attempt to fit their development into common narratives of rave culture. This tension is used as a starting point to argue for a reframing of electronic dance music events as contextualised aesthetic experiences.

This essay considers music-making in Vienna over five centuries, dividing attention between the court and the city’s institutions, outdoor performance spaces and homes. It discusses not only well-known individuals who elevated Vienna’s fame as a musical city but also representative figures who stand in for others whose lives and careers are less known, and many whose names are lost.

The case features a 34-year-old male firefighter who suffers an asthma exacerbation due to inhaling volcanic ash while attempting to rescue civilians. Despite initially avoiding more severe physical injuries from pyroclastic flows or burns, he develops significant respiratory distress and requires escalating interventions, including nebulized bronchodilators and eventual intubation. Additionally, the patient presents with a head injury from debris, though imaging confirms there is no acute intracranial pathology. The case outlines key teaching objectives, emphasizing the recognition and management of inhalational injuries and asthma exacerbations, the challenges of managing a potentially difficult airway in the context of a volcanic eruption, and the specific medical interventions necessary for both respiratory support and trauma care. It also addresses the importance of effective communication and teamwork, such as the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for responders, activation of disaster plans, use of local resources, and management of distressed family members.