The book examines the various arenas in which actors are making – and breaking – the rules in business and human rights. It advances a framework for analysing these developments by adapting the liberal institutionalist concept of legalisation articulated in Kenneth Abbott et al.’s article ‘The Concept of Legalization’. Applied in the transnational context, the classic framework appears incomplete: it omits a crucial dimension – implementation – which operates alongside obligation, precision and delegation. The empirical chapters in this book reveal that efforts toward implementation are often pursued with the aim of strengthening one or more of the other dimensions over time. In such cases, actors play the long game: they may accept lower levels of obligation, precision or delegation in the short term, anticipating that early attention to implementation will enhance these dimensions in the longer run. Beyond business and human rights, this revised framework may also illuminate regulatory dynamics in transnational fields such as climate governance, national security, and anti-trafficking.

Gardens and other fresh air spaces are associated with better physical, social, and mental health. Evidence suggests an association between exposure to fresh air spaces and perceived well-being stress, and physical activity for patients, loved ones, and clinical teams. Increasing numbers of intensive care departments are optimizing their clinical environments by giving their patients, loved ones, and staff access to fresh air spaces. This chapter describes the evidence base on the impact of fresh air spaces within intensive care and makes recommendations for how to incorporate fresh air exposure in the care of critically ill patients.

The word 'antimafia' has come to denote the movement of resistance, in all its many forms, to the mafia, while 'Antimafia' is the commonly used abbreviation for the parliamentary body whose full name is the Commissione d'inchiesta sul fenomeno della mafia in Sicilia. The historian Francesco Renda considers the Antimafia, and other legislative measures, as instances of 'antimafia'. Danilo Dolci was born in northern Italy, settled in Sicily in the 1940s. In many of his writings, he allows ordinary Sicilians to speak in the first person. The speaker was a friend of the Corleone peasant leader, Placido Rizzotto, who headed a movement for land reform in the immediate post-war period, and was killed in 1948 by Luciano Liggio's faction of the mafia. Until recently, the world of the mafia was totally male. However, some women have begun to emerge in mafia ranks, others have been victims of mafia violence.

When a patient is developmentally and intellectually disabled, nonverbal, never competent, without a legal guardian; who speaks for him when urgent medical care is needed? In this case, a twenty-five-year-old patient with a mental age of two presented with a history of frequent bowel obstructions and constant abdominal pain with feeding. Upon admission, he was physically restrained and sedated to enable the treatment team to provide tube feeding. The treating physician requested an ethics consult, asking whether artificially nutrition should be continued, and who should make this decision? His biological parents relinquished him at birth. A foster family provided care for twenty-five years but could no longer manage his care. The state caseworker could not make medical decisions. The patient did not have a legal guardian, and urgent medical decisions needed to be made. The Ethics Committee along with many key stakeholders, gathered to discern this morally complex case. After much discussion, a recommendation was made to discontinue artificial nutrition and provide comfort care. This recommendation was grounded in a best interest standard. The treatment team agreed with the recommendation. Following consultation with the biological and foster families, feeding was discontinued, and the patient died.

The influence of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the law and legal order of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region might seem not to be a case of inter-Asian law because it occurs within a single jurisdiction. Yet, Beijing has employed a wide range of means to shape Hong Kong’s legal order, ranging from making or interpreting PRC law for Hong Kong, to mandating or pressing for local lawmaking in Hong Kong, to more diffuse influences on Hong Kong’s legal order and its context. Chinese influence has made Hong Kong law less liberal and democratic and more like the PRC’s. The China–Hong Kong case shows the spectrum of modes of inter-Asian legal influence, the complexity of the relationship between transplants or exports of legal models and legal influence, and the issues that lie ahead in an era of possible competition between China and the United States/the West for legal influence.

Community-level interventions are a key part of suicide prevention. The effectiveness of these strategies vary and objective measurement of the efficacy of these interventions are often challenging. Evidence shows that preventing access to means of suicide in the community, and ongoing education and awareness among primary care healthcare professionals about mental illness and suicide, both are effective, universal-level preventive strategies. Increasing awareness and mental health literacy among young people in schools shows promise, though most evidence is from high-income countries. Trials have demonstrated that brief follow-up contact interventions (BCI), such as sending postcards, text messages or a follow-up phone call, are effective in reducing suicidal ideation and repetition of suicide attempts.

The arguments of the book are laid out, beginning with questions that probe the apparent obviousness of marriage as an institution. What does marriage do? How can we account for both its historical persistence and its cultural and historical variability as an institution? Rather than see it as an essentially conservative and normative institution, this book argues that marriage is, on the contrary, a crucible of transformation – of personal, familial and wider political relations. This is partly a result of the unique position it holds as an intimate relation but also a political, legal and religious one. The conventionality of marriage provides a deceptive cloak of conformity masking the elasticity of what may be acceptable to spouses, families and communities. The argument is grounded in an ethnography of marriage in contemporary Penang but draws on a range of comparative materials from anthropology, literature, films and other sources. The main themes of the book are introduced: marriage as continuity of patterns in earlier generations and, simultaneously, as divergence from these; an overview of the anthropology of marriage and its lacunae; marriage as ethical labour in and on time; and marriage as an everyday work of moral imagination. The chapters are outlined.

Effective language teaching and learning means managing instructional activities in the classroom, managing students and any issues they present, and managing one’s own professional conduct and learning. Cases in this chapter examine management issues, from New York City in the USA, to Thailand, to Poland, and include topics such as the field trip (that never happened), planning too much lesson content, and managing a new student in class.

In this last chapter of the book, we keep coming back to the potential function and we attempt to connect it to more precise ideas in finance, including that of the agent heterogeneities. We also initiate a discussion on agent behaviour and causality and nonlocality. Our last words in this book will be centred on what comes next. One of the key queries we have is whether we can consider more complicated real potentials in the two-slit interference experiment with agents (and the agent two-preference interference). The other one is centred around the investigation on the nonexistence of “spooky” free will of the individual agents.

This chapter explains how the CPC has from the beginning used its official language to stabilize its rule. During the Mao era people had to integrate this language into their everyday speech by repeatedly using “correct” words and linguistic formulae to say “correct” things. Compulsory use of the language forced everyone to propagate revolutionary values, and even when it failed to produce any matching revolutionary consciousness it completely silenced dissent. Official formulations had a powerful coercive function that stabilized party rule even when its policies were deeply unpopular. The party still uses official language to structure official discourses that outline the party’s vision, promote its policies, praise its leadership, claim the credit for China’s rise, and assert that it alone can guarantee the country’s future success. These discourses are pervasive, and they provide an overarching ideological framework that unofficial discourses are not permitted to contest. China may no longer be totalitarian, but the party’s strategic deployment of its official language is central to its success in creating a hegemonic political culture.