This chapter examines the narrative of cybersecurity in China’s mass media, with a focus on the domestication of cybersecurity and its subsequent challenge to democracy. While much ink has been spilled over cybersecurity in (Western) democracies, less is known about the narrative and discourse of cybersecurity in an authoritarian context and its implications for global Internet governance and security. This chapter fills this gap by exploring news narratives on cybersecurity in China’s domestic mass media after the enactment of the Cybersecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China in 2017. Drawing on computer-assisted semantic network analysis of 9,094 news articles and commentaries, this chapter uncovers how the Chinese regime is adopting a discourse of cybersecurity to legitimize and consolidate its control over the Internet and to counter the challenges of global Internet connection. This domestication discourse is further utilized to place blame on the West for cyber threats. This chapter concludes with thoughts on the domestication of cybersecurity by authoritarian regimes like China and the challenge of defending cybersecurity.

How was one to represent modern Jewish reality in Hebrew at a time when most aspects of modern Jewish existence were conducted in other languages? This conundrum preoccupied Hebrew writers in the nineteenth century in their attempts to formulate a modern literary idiom from an ancient language that lacked a vocabulary and registers for conveying the nuances of everyday life in rapidly transforming Jewish communities. Drawing on the theoretical framework of Yurii Tynianov and his concept of “literary fact,” this chapter examines the interplay between nonliterary and literary forms of Hebrew writing in the nineteenth century. By looking at how Hebrew authors adjusted nonliterary genres rooted in Hebrew discursive traditions – such as rabbinic responsa, hagiography, travelogues, letters, and especially commercial literature – the chapter highlights experimental devices and modes of representation that preconditioned the emergence of modern Hebrew literary realism. Moreover, it claims that the main difference between the development of Hebrew and established European literatures was the absence of a unified bureaucratic language, compensated by the prominence of commercial discourse in both Hebrew nonliterary and literary spheres. This discourse enriched the linguistic possibilities for describing modern Jewish reality and drew a larger audience into the Hebrew cultural universe.

A framing case study examines a debt dispute between a Wall Street investor and Argentina that resulted in the seizure of an Argentine warship in Ghana. Then the chapter tackles the topic of upholding international law. The chapter discusses: (1) international legal enforcement, including major bodies, when these bodies refuse to rule, and access to non-state actors; (2) domestic legal enforcement, including jurisdiction and various forms of immunity; and (3) political enforcement via coercion and persuasion.

One of the main purposes of this chapter is to explain, albeit in an abstract manner, how quantum physics–like models of the economics-finance contexts would differ from quantum math-like (or simply, quantum-like) models. For this, the chapter begins by considering, what may be called, the “physical” foundations of quantum theory. These include the foundations pertaining to the theoretical, experimental, and interpretational aspects of quantum theory. With reference to the physical foundations, the chapter elaborates on certain expectations from agent-centric economics-finance models to qualify as “quantum physics–analogous”. Then, by briefly reviewing some of the prominent theories of analogical arguments and reasoning from the philosophy of science (for instance, Aristotle’s theory, Hesse’s theory, Gentner’s structure-mapping theory and Bartha’s articulation model), the chapter ends by proposing a strategy for the systematic construction of quantum physics–analogous models of economics and finance.

This chapter examines Darwin’s analysis of emotional expression. It is widely accepted that Darwin wrote Expression to refute Sir Charles Bell’s theory that God created humans with special muscles to express their emotions. However, scholars have overlooked the fact that Bell developed his theory to refute Erasmus Darwin’s associationist analysis of emotional expression, inspired by David Hartley, and that Charles Darwin defends his grandfather’s analysis against Bell’s objections. I demonstrate that Charles’s defense of Erasmus’s associationist theory, which denies that expressions occur for the sake of communicating emotions, explains Charles’s puzzling reluctance to claim that expressions evolved to serve as signals in communication.

This chapter outlines a comprehensive multimethod approach that integrates ethnography and quantitative data analysis to explore the concept of exit. Building on Hirschman’s exit–voice–loyalty theory, the chapter delineates two distinct forms of exit: permanent exit, characterized by the death of voters, and partial exit, which can be either forced or voluntary and does not always involve physical migration. The latter includes phenomena such as migration-related remittances, which symbolize loyalty from emigrants to those who remain. The chapter highlights how partial exit can manifest through voter attrition, often attributed to pandemic fatigue. The narrative indicates that the government did not instigate this exit, but it later discovered covert methods to leverage it for political gain. The chapter introduces the reader to the voter exit premium, the additional votes bolstering ZANU PF due to voter exit. Exit premium is calculated in Chapters 3 and 4.

Heroic or virtuous bastards challenge the officially sanctioned view of illegitimacy as evil and inferior. To temper the threat they pose to the ruling ideology, these positive models are often qualified in some way. The heroic status of most virtuous bastards comes from their connection to a great paternal figure, a god or a king, with whom the bastard strives to identify himself. Criticisms of the legitimate order are also made by plays in which characters' disiy of their parentage kills them with shame. These bastards are essentially passive, pitiful figures rather than heroic protagonists struggling against an illegitimate identity. Sir Richard stands on the margins of the corrupt world of commodity rather than outside it. His interest in the issue focuses important ideas about his heroic status since the word 'commodity' (meaning self-interest) is implicitly set against the idea of commonwealth or service to society.

The chapter focuses on the network and architecture layers of the design stack building up from device and circuit concepts introduced in Chapters 3 and 4. Architectural advantages like address-event representation stemming from neuromorphic models by leveraging spiking sparsity are discussed. Near-memory and in-memory architectures using CMOS implementations are first discussed followed by several emerging technologies, namely, correlated electron semiconductor-based devices, filamentary devices, organic devices, spintronic devices, and photonic neural networks.

Chapter 7 transitions to the use of failure arguments in international law, examining how they have been used to justify expanding the authority of international bodies. It begins with an analysis of the UN’s Uniting for Peace Resolution and examines the role of failure arguments in the 1990s discourse on state failure and development cooperation. This chapter highlights the challenges of invoking arguments from failure within an international framework, where constitutional principles like separation of powers are less clearly defined. Drawing on Part I, the chapter emphasizes that failure arguments suppose a quasi-constitutional context including expectations of mutual support and cooperation. This only rarely exists in international settings, with the United Nations being one of the exceptions in this regard. The chapter also points to the need to consider political power structures when dealing with arguments from failure, noting the neo-colonial undertones of such arguments in some cases.

It is widely recognised that weight stigma in news media is a problem, with selection of images, language, and news frames shown to contribute to negative and stereotypical representations. In response, several Australian, UK, and international organisations active in improving perceptions and treatment of people with obesity have published media guidelines. Some of these guidelines have been developed drawing on linguistic research or expertise and thus represent clear attempts at societal impact (changes in journalism practices, with presumed flow-on effects on policymaking, public perception, discourse, etc.). This chapter first reviews the recommendations that obesity media guidelines make, focusing specifically on language use. We show similarities and differences across six guidelines published for Australian, UK, and international contexts. Taking a corpus linguistic approach, we then examine to what extent selected advice on language choices from the guidelines is adhered to in journalism in Australia. We analyse dispreferred language (identity-first language and use of nominal-adjectival, the obese), preferred language (person-first language), and pejorative versus euphemistic labels. Focusing on people-first and identity-first language, we also include a comparison with a similar British corpus. The chapter concludes with critical reflections on application and impact, including the potential role of corpus linguistics in this area.