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The Cambridge Companion to the Byzantine Church explores the intricate dimensions of the Church in Byzantium-its emergence, theology, art, liturgy and histories-and its afterlife, in captivity and in the modern world. Thirty leading theologians and historians of eastern Rome examine how people from Greece to Russia lived out their faith in liturgies, veneration of the saints, and other dimensions of church life, including its iconic art and architecture. The authors provide a rich overview and insights from the latest scholarship on the lives and beliefs of emperors and subjects across the Byzantine empire. The volume thereby fills a prominent gap in current offerings on the development and continuing impacts of the Byzantine church from the fourth to fifteenth centuries, and will serve as a valuable resource for scholars, a companion for students and an introduction for the wider community to this fascinating chapter in the history of Christianity.
First performed on 21 May 1850, the satirical play Novelty Fair; or Hints for 1851 opened at almost exactly the middle of the 19th century. Its plot juxtaposes 1848, Chartism and republicanism, with 1851 and the coming Great Exhibition. Using Novelty Fair as inspiration, this book brings together Victorian people, things and places typically understood to be unrelated. By juxtaposing urban fairs and the Great Exhibition, daguerreotypes and ballads, satirical shilling books and government backed design reform, blackface performers and middle-class paterfamilias, a strikingly different picture of mid 19th-century culture emerges. Rather than a clean break between revolution and exhibition, class-consciousness and consumerism, popular and didactic, risqué and respectable, an examination of a wide range of sources reveals these themes to be interdependent and mutually defined. As a result, the years of Chartism and the Great Exhibition are shown to be far more contested than previously recognized, with bourgeois forms and strategies under stress in a period that has often been seen as a triumphant one for that class.
How can we ensure educational technology truly supports learning? This book offers a timely, evidence-rich guide for anyone navigating today's fast-changing EdTech landscape. Drawing on cutting-edge research, global case studies, and two decades of field experience, it exposes why so many technologies fail to deliver impact, and shows what it takes to change the system. Readers will discover practical tools such as the Five Es framework for evaluating EdTech, insights from the emerging EdTech 2.0 movement, and vivid examples of collaborations that bridge researchers, schools, policymakers, and developers. The chapters illuminate how to spot meaningful innovation, avoid common pitfalls, and champion tools that genuinely strengthen learning and wellbeing. Accessible, hopeful, and grounded in real-world practice, this is an indispensable guide for educators, school leaders, policymakers, EdTech designers, and parents seeking clarity in a confusing digital marketplace.
While there have been many books written about the Irish Republican Army (IRA) since 1916, comparatively little attention has been paid to the organisation during the 1960s, despite the fact that the internal divisions culminating in the 1969 split are often seen as key to the conflict which erupted that year. This book rederesses that vacuum and, through an exhaustive survey of internal and official sources, as well as interviews with key IRA members, provides an insight into radical Republican politics. The book looks at the root of the divisions that centred on conflicting attitudes within the IRA on armed struggle, electoral participation and socialism. It argues that while the IRA did not consciously plan the northern ‘Troubles’, the internal debate of the 1960s had implications for what happened in 1969. The book is also of interest as a study of the internal dynamics of a revolutionary movement that has resonance with similar movements in other countries.
This book demonstrates that the discussion of non-aristocratic women can be securely grounded in archival documentation. It explores, with sensitivity and sophistication, the relationship between the picture which emerges from such sources and the literary and theological perceptions of womankind. The book provides a collection of documentary material, much of it previously unpublished, and guides the reader in the techniques needed to glean rich evidence of contemporary behaviour and assumptions from what can seem, at first sight, unpromisingly austere sources. It also demonstrates the variety of evidence that survives of English women in all walks of life from the time of Edward I to the eve of the Reformation. The book then provides substantial overview of current thinking about English medieval women below the level of the greater aristocracy. It also explores the life-cycle themes of childhood, adolescence, married life, widowhood and old age. The book then moves on to examine such topics as work in town and country, prostitution, the law, recreation and devotion. There is an element of caprice and artificiality in trying to divide the lives of medieval women under particular heads. This is especially true of the label 'devotion'. The culture of later medieval England was a Christian culture and Christian ideology permeated every aspect of life. The book recovers the experience of ordinary medieval women.
Three of the most important chronicles of eleventh-century Germany were composed in the south-western duchy of Swabia. The chronicles reveal how between 1049 and 1100 the centripetal attraction of the reform papacy became the dominant fact of intellectual life in German reformed monastic circles. The book provides a translation of these three chronicles of eleventh-century Germany: the chronicle of Herman of Reichenau, the chronicle of Berthold of Reichenau and the chronicle of Bernold of St Blasien. Bernold, a clergyman of Constance, continued the work of Herman and Berthold in a text containing the fullest extant account of 1080-1100. The chronicle of Berthold of Reichenau, whose authorship has been debated for two centuries, survives in two versions. One is a shorter and clearly earlier version, which begins in 1054 with a report of the death of Herman of Reichenau and breaks off in mid-sentence in the annal for 1066. The second version is obviously later and much more extensive. This second version is preceded in all the manuscripts by a biography of Herman of Reichenau.
Henri Bergson was awarded The Nobel Prize for Literature in 1927. However, literary writers do not consider him — and in fact never cite him — as one of their own. Bruno Clément reads Henri Bergson as a writer whose thought is inseparable from a tireless reflection on the question of his written expression.
Clément adds new insights into Bergson's philosophical achievements through an analysis of the literary techniques he develops to express his theoretical insights. This close analysis of rhetorical technique analyses the effect on Bergson's philosophical texts. Reading all of Bergson's philosophical texts with the tools of literature, to systematically consider the theoretical consequences, he reveals that Bergson was not only a philosopher but a highly skilled and innovative writer.
As European politics, society, economy and religion underwent epoch-making changes between 1400 and 1600, the treatment of Europe's Jews by the non-Jewish majority was, then as in later periods, a symptom of social problems and tensions in the Continent as a whole. Through a broad-ranging collection of original documents, the book sets out to present a vivid picture of the Jewish presence in European life during this vital and turbulent period. This book discusses the history and background of the Jewish presence in fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Europe. As far as the late medieval Church was concerned, the basis for the treatment of Jews, by ecclesiastical and secular authorities, was to be found in the decrees of the Fourth Lateran Council of the Roman Church, which were issued in 1215. The book is concerned with Jewish economic activities for their own sake, and Jews' financial relations with Christian rulers. It then concentrates on other aspects of the dealings which went on between European Jews and their Christian neighbours. The book includes the Jews' own economic presence and culture, social relations between Jews and Christians, the policies and actions of Christian authorities in Church and State. It draws upon original source material to convey ordinary people's prejudices about Jews, including myths about Jewish 'devilishness', money-grabbing, and 'ritual murder' of Christian children. Finally, the book demonstrates from the outset that much of the treatment of European Jews, in the period up to the Reformation and thereafter, was to be a practical result of the controversies within 'Christendom' on the subject of authority, whether ecclesiastical or secular.
The number of international human rights institutions and countries participating in them has risen dramatically in recent decades, precipitating debates about why countries make such commitments and whether these commitments improve member's human rights behavior. These debates have centered on a small number of human rights treaties, with far less attention paid to the larger number of international organizations (IOs) that aim to promote human rights. The Element argues and then demonstrates that state decisions about joining these IOs depends on the institutional design of the organizations, specifically sovereignty costs for member states. These costs stem from the constraints that IOs impose and vary substantially. Emerging democracies are most likely to enter high sovereignty cost IOs. Furthermore, organizations that generate higher sovereignty costs tend to produce better human rights outcomes than those generating fewer sovereignty costs for all regimes. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
James Dolbow, MetroHealth Medical Center, Ohio,Eric Curfman, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Ohio,Neel Fotedar, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Ohio
A 66-year-old male with no pertinent medical or family history presents to outpatient neurology clinic with 1 year of progressive weakness in his left arm and hand, and 6 months of weakness in his right arm and hand. He also reports he has fallen multiple times over the past few months and has noticed it is becoming more difficult to swallow solid foods. Denies neck or limb pain, poor appetite, or bowel/bladder symptoms.
This chapter addresses systemic challenges and opportunities within the mental health professions related to the inclusion, support, and empowerment of multiply marginalized practitioners, particularly practitioners of color with dis/abilities. In the context of increasing global mental health needs and an insufficiently diverse workforce, the chapter uses Critical Race Theory (CRT), Disability Justice, and Disability Critical Race Theory (DisCrit) to explore how systemic oppression, ableism, and racism are embedded in professional structures, such as training, education, and workplace contexts. Despite these barriers, marginalized practitioners bring vital lived experience and culturally grounded insight that improve client outcomes and enrich the field. The chapter concludes with best practices and guidance for transforming professional cultures to promote equity, belonging, and sustainability in mental health work. It emphasizes the urgency of moving beyond token inclusion toward systemic change that values and supports marginalized identities as assets rather than liabilities.
In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, much of the rest of northwestern Europe joined Britain on the path of sustained economic growth. Several other economies began to grow as well, among them the United States and Japan. But many others lagged behind. Chapter 7 explains these divergent outcomes. It does so not by analyzing worldwide data on economic growth, but by examining telling examples of rapid economic progress and of stagnation and even impoverishment: France and Russia, the United States and Mexico, Japan and China, and – last but not least – Africa. These examples lead to important conclusions about economic growth in general and about how widely its rewards are shared. As we have seen, political institutions will matter, and so will religion. But inequality will make a big difference too. It may keep people from using their talents or create perverse political incentives that stifle education and the accumulation of human capital. The resulting differences in economic performance can persist for decades.
In Chapter 7 we focused our attention on particular solutions of the problem of three bodies, namely relative equilibria and homographic orbits. In this chapter we extend our study to a more general framework, in the light of the theories of Tullio Levi-Civita on regularization and of Karl Frithiof Sundman on the search of general solutions.
Given the flooding risks emerging from climate change, the chapter explores the amphibious transformation through counterproposals to terra-centric urbanization. It addresses how and why cybernetics-based designs for Tokyo Bay in the 1960s experienced long-lasting marginalization but shaped the present ecomodernist approach to climate-resilient sea surface urbanization, like the United Nations’ “sustainable floating city” project. Ecomodernism is an environmentalist “school” and focuses on technologically decoupling socio-economic development from resource use and environmental degradation. The chapter argues that these 1960s’ cybernetic designs were counterproposals to the “tools of terrestrialization,” like dams, seawalls, and industrial-scale land reclamation, which the Age of Coal’s access to affordable energy had globally enabled. Architect Tange Kenzō’s and designer Buckminster Fuller’s teams devised artificial communication systems that replicated biological processes, returning urbanization’s attention to the adaption to aquatic conditions. The cybernetic designs sought to decouple urban growth from pressure on ecosystems, turning them into forms of proto-ecomodernism.
The Cambridge Edition of the Complete Fiction of Henry James provides, for the first time, a scholarly edition of a major writer whose work continues to be read, quoted, adapted and studied. This is the first full critical edition of James’s first major novel after his unhappy venture into commercial theatre. The Spoils of Poynton marks a shift towards the representation of complex psychological states characteristic of his later fiction, telling a dramatic story about the fate of the beautiful artefacts lovingly collected by the widow Adela Gereth and her late husband. Who do they, should they, belong to? The novel describes with extraordinary delicacy an intense family feud arising from the competing claims of those close to Mrs Gereth, and the ordeal endured by the young and intelligent Fleda Vetch as she tries to resolve it. This edition features a substantial introduction, explanatory notes, textual variants, bibliography and appendices.
James Dolbow, MetroHealth Medical Center, Ohio,Eric Curfman, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Ohio,Neel Fotedar, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Ohio
A 63-year-old Caucasian woman with history of tobacco use and chronic joint pain presents to the emergency department with 3 weeks of progressively worsening episodes of left headache. She states the pain is primarily lateral to her left eye, and occasionally spreads into her left jaw when she chews. Over the past week the headaches have become more frequent and almost constant. She reports 10 pounds of weight loss since her headaches started and has been feeling much more fatigued than usual. This morning, she woke up with a headache and noticed the vision in her left eye was blurry. She denies other numbness or weakness.
James Dolbow, MetroHealth Medical Center, Ohio,Eric Curfman, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Ohio,Neel Fotedar, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Ohio
A 31-year-old, otherwise healthy female presents to the emergency room with 2 days of progressive shortness of breath and difficulty swallowing. She reports over the past year that she gets tired much more easily through the day, to the point where it is difficult to keep her eyes open or head up, but this improves with rest. Recently she developed difficulty chewing solid foods, primarily at dinner. Her vision gets blurry at the end of the day, and she sometimes sees two of the same object when both her eyes are open.
The miscellany was a crucially important mode of literature in this period, and particular reasons for this are set out in an early segment of the chapter. This was also the case for Swift and for Curll, although it served very different purposes over the duration of their lives. In fact, Swift founded his career (especially as a poet) largely on his presence in miscellanies, a form in which much of Curll’s output lay. His Miscellanies (1711) made up the earliest collection of his writings, but it had to displace a smaller grouping that Curll had assembled in the previous year. Soon afterwards the bookseller embarked on a long series of similar items, including fresh raids on Swift’s oeuvre. The form proved well suited to Curll’s needs, most of all in his efforts to cover up the sources of his material. The various interactions of the two men in this mode are analysed, and a section devoted to the question raised by Stephen Karian as to whether Curll’s activity can reasonably be considered as literary piracy.
James Dolbow, MetroHealth Medical Center, Ohio,Eric Curfman, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Ohio,Neel Fotedar, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Ohio
A 62-year-old man with history of hypertension and migraine presents to the emergency room with confusion, joined by his wife. She reports that approximately 6 hours ago he was outside on the back porch talking with his brother about the death of their mother yesterday, when he came back into her room and started asking questions about things he should know about, such as what they had done that day, what the plans were. He seemed shocked when reminded that he had just spoken to his brother. When she told him these things, he would ask again moments later. She denied that he had experienced any previous similar events or had any recent head trauma. She says he never lost consciousness and was never confused about his own identity; however, anything she said he seemed to immediately forget about. He was able to remember who she was, and distant past events well. At no point did she see any weakness, slurred speech, or abnormal movement, nor did he complain of a headache. Symptoms have been persistent, though his confusion has started to improve over the past hour. When asked, he has no recollection of the day’s events and is frustrated she brought him to the hospital.