Reference to the hidden God can be fixed at any time by a deferred ostension: “That which causes the world to be is ‘God’.” This chapter articulates an account of ostension in general and deferred ostension in particular and articulates the merits of the aletheistic tradition for handling the problem of semantic drift that dogs contemporary appeals to ostension for fixing the reference to God.

This chapter introduces critical race praxis as a process-oriented approach for integrating Critical Race Theory (CRT) into social work practice, education, and research. Arguing that prevailing color-evasive frameworks inadequately prepare social workers for antiracist practice, the authors position CRT as a set of analytic tools that deepen understanding of racism as structural, pervasive, and intersectional. They present the Critical Race Praxis Guide, which links reflection questions with implications for practice across the tenets of CRT, including racism as ordinary, race as a social construct, differential racialization, interest convergence, critique of liberalism, intersectionality, and counter-narratives. The guide also emphasizes supporting concepts such as brave space, positionality, and critical reflexivity as essential to antiracist action. Illustrative examples show how practitioners can identify racism within policies, institutions, and everyday practices, and then move toward action that interrupts white supremacy and advances racial justice. In doing so, the chapter provides a flexible and adaptable tool for fostering critical reflection, dialogue, and antiracist interventions across micro, mezzo, and macro levels of practice. Ultimately, the authors encourage social workers to view praxis as a dynamic process of linking reflection and action to build more racially just practice and pedagogy.

To which ‘God’ do philosophers refer? In dialogue with Schellenberg and his insightful distinction between “ultimism” and “theism,” this chapter examines the limits of the natural horizon of inquiry into ultimacy. To think adequately about God the creator entails subverting the natural horizon of thought in order to understand the natural whole as a pointer or deferred ostension of its ultimate source.

An outline of the current state and perspective development of quantum engineering is given.

Growing up in a racial hierarchy that favors Whiteness and stigmatizes Blackness exposes young individuals to racial marginalization and discrimination. Racial discrimination has become a regular occurrence for most Black children and adolescents in the United States, resulting in negative impacts on their social, emotional, academic, and physical well-being. Nevertheless, these experiences also enable young people to strengthen their racial identities, form communities, and work towards Black liberation. In this chapter, we begin by placing Black youth development within the sociohistorical and political context of anti-Black racism. Subsequently, we discuss the various definitions and methodological considerations in discrimination research. Furthermore, we briefly explore how young individuals interpret racial discrimination and the strategies they employ to combat racism. We then focus on three collective resistance strategies that create space for Black liberation within the realms of family, education, and media: (1) socialization, (1) rest and being, and (3) imagination and dream-building.

How transient is Curll’s work? He has preserved a measure of fame in book history: but some of that is due to extracurricular activities, such as his battles in the courts and the House of Lords. Many of his productions were confessedly ephemera, and he cannot have imagined that titles like The Bath Toasts for the Year 1715 would ensure his immortality. He did think about his reputation, as when he wrote in the preface to The Case of Seduction (1726) that his friends were worried ‘lest this Factum for the Abbée [sic)] des Rues, and the Revival of Marvell’s Works, should heap more Coals of Fire upon my Head, if so, some future Fox must enrol me in the List of those Martyrs, whom Quevedo has doomed to suffer for the Sins of other Men’.1 The references are to John Foxe’s celebrated Book of Martyrs (1563) and the works of Francisco de Quevedo, most obviously Sueños (1627). He manages to advertise his own recent edition of Marvell, one of a number of halfway decent revivals of earlier English writers such as the Earl of Surrey and Sir Thomas Browne. As noted at the start of this book, his antiquarian list varies in quality, but it does contain significant contributions by Richard Rawlinson, John Aubrey, Elias Ashmole, and others, while his volumes on devotional topics included some by highly esteemed authors such as John Tillotson, Robert South, and Thomas Burnet.

Parliamentary Hansard records are texts that stand at an intersection between the representation of spoken discourse and the application of standardised written norms.While they are categorised as ‘verbatim’ accounts of what is said during parliamentary proceedings, they are also edited, official government publications, and are therefore likely to represent a normative, formalised version of the language that was used. Add to this the factors of changing standards over time, different varieties of English and evolving reporting methods, and they become a valuable historical record for charting shifting attitudes towards language prescription. This chapter analyses data from Australian and British Hansard, from 1901 to the present, to assess the degree to which prescriptive practices have been applied to the originally spoken text. It looks at language features that have been identified as being indicative of spoken or written style. These include use of contractions, split infinitives and singular agreement with plural nouns. The data show generally more acceptance of the informal option in Australia in recent times, but also in the early part of the twentieth century.

Symptom network analysis is now commonly used in psychopathology research. Network analysis results in networks with symptoms represented as nodes, while edges represent conditional associations between these. Direct causal relations between symptoms will produce nonzero conditional associations, but these associations can also be produced in other ways. In this chapter, Borsboom discusses six plausible mechanisms that could produce edges in symptom networks. The first is resource competition, where the presence of a symptom depletes resources, which causes another symptom to arise. The second is evidential overlap, in which judgments central to different symptoms involve a subjective assessment of the same evidence. The third is shared mechanisms, in which symptomatology involves processes that are shared among different symptoms. The fourth are consistency drives, which arise when individuals are prone to align their cognitions, affect states, and behavior. The fifth are statistical processes involved in research design and analysis (marginalization and conditioning). The sixth is the presence of unobserved common causes that affect multiple symptoms at the same time. The author argues that, in realistic situations, the mechanisms in question are not mutually exclusive, which preempts standard scientific approaches that pit one model against another to derive critically divergent predictions. Instead, making sense of symptom networks will require more advanced theory development and modeling.

This chapter examines synergies between colonization and racism in the United States, including how colonization provides a foundation for various forms of bigotry and dehumanization. In the United States, colonial structures shape and racialize beliefs about Native Americans, leading to their mis-categorization as one of many ethnic minority groups. This creates misunderstandings about sovereignty and the foundation for many social policies and programs. This chapter describes what it means to be Indigenous and how colonial structures and social constructions of race in the US affect Native Americans. Social workers have played core roles in supporting colonial structures, but social workers can also challenge harmful structures. Legal threats to the Indian Child Welfare Act are examined, accompanied by a call to action for social workers.

This chapter focuses on the connections between sea surfaces, the atmosphere, and outer space. Its upward-oriented perspective to oceanic history traces these connections from early 20th-century visions like the failed idea of floating airports (seadromes), whose horizontal runways were impractical in aquatic conditions, to later orientation changes. Artificial islands served horizontal helicopter take-off and landing, or offshore rocket launches. The chapter argues that these energy-intensive built environments, enabled by the Age of Oil, spatially and sensually marked the emergence of the oceanic Anthropocene. Platform illumination for helicopters operations, rocket launches, and the flares of oil platforms whose radiation is visible from outer space, created massive “light islands” in marine regions, manifesting carbon emissions. Simultaneously, the light island effect turned into a form of placemaking. Light islands became regular offshore destinations and departure points for other vehicles, creating new oceanic equivalents to terrestrial ports, airports, and spaceports. They also indicated the extension of the human habitat to sea surfaces.

This chapter integrates empirical research on the pains of imprisonment with psychological and neuroscientific insights into the nature, sources, and effects of social pain, including its connection to the fundamental human need to belong. It argues that social pain provides a comprehensive framework for situating the pains of imprisonment – outlined in Chapter 3– within a unified conceptual construct. This argument rests on three interrelated premises. First, the contexts of exclusion that elicit social pain – social isolation, rejection, and ostracism – closely mirror the layers of exclusion that define the various domains of prison life. Second, the effects of social pain – particularly when pervasive or prolonged – on psychological well-being, behavior, and health significantly overlap with those documented among incarcerated individuals, both during and after imprisonment. Third, the psychological mechanisms that lead people to cause social pain in others, while underestimating its consequences, similarly underpin the logic of punishment, including the tendency to minimize the actual harms of the prison experience. Building on these premises, the chapter develops the book’s central claim: that the real pain of carceral punishment ultimately resides in the systematic threat to the fundamental human need to belong.

This chapter “enters” the prison and examines the extensive body of empirical literature documenting the pains of imprisonment. Given the breadth of research, the analysis is necessarily selective, focusing on the principal frameworks through which these pains have been studied and classified across different populations and institutional settings. The chapter organizes these experiences into four interrelated domains that shape prison environments: deprivation, space and time, power, and relationships. While acknowledging variability across individuals and contexts, it emphasizes that prison pains most often manifest as severe psychological distress, accompanied by feelings of loneliness, disempowerment, dehumanization, and self-stigma, with profound implications for one’s sense of social self. Crucially, these pains do not stem necessarily from overt abuses or extraordinary deprivations. Rather, the diffuse combination of social isolation, lack of recognition, denied agency, neglect, and pervasive distrust renders imprisonment a chronically stressful and potentially traumatic experience. These factors, the chapter contends, are profoundly consequential because they undermine the fulfillment of basic social needs grounded in the fundamental human need to belong.