The afterword explains why Louis Bieral’s life matters. He had an almost unique set of experiences. He illustrates the importance of violence to the operation of nineteenth-century American society. He also suggests the difficulty of establishing the rule of law, replacing the veneration of physical might with the celebration of persuasion.

Although our main interest is in the topological case, as outlined in the Preface, the results of Donald, Issa and McCoy on smooth embeddings of Seifert 3-manifolds are a natural complement to our material.

This chapter presents a case of a 66-year-old male with severe heart failure with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) emergency. The candidate will be able to recognize and manage one of the common issues that affect these patients. The candidate will also be able to evaluate the LVAD device and learn some basics of how to handle the management of these patients.

This chapter includes the diagnosis of T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL) and measurable disease detection (MRD) post therapy. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping is essential in establishing a diagnosis of T-ALL/LBL and subclassifying by their maturation into early T-phenotype (ETP), near ETP, cortical thymic T-, and mature T-ALL/LBL. Recent advancement in genetic classifications of T-ALL/LBL shows high-risk genetic alterations are highly associated with ETP-ALL. T-ALL/LBL show overlap features with acute undifferentiated leukemia, mixed phenotype T/myeloid, T/B leukemia, indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferation, and mature T-cell lymphoma/leukemia. The features pertinent for differential diagnosis are illustrated. For MRD, the discussion includes the principles and strategies, analysis and interpretations, mimics and common pitfalls. The pros and cons of flow cytometry MRD are compared with molecular MRD, including NGS sequencing (Clonoseq). Although currently there is no FDA-approved CAR T-therapy for T-ALL, promising products such as CD7-CAR and CD5-CAR have been used in clinical trials. Strategies in MRD and challenges in the era of targeted therapy are discussed.

This chapter examines the core convictions of the New Spirituality, the worldview of individuals often referred to as “spiritual but not religious” (SBNR). The SBNR would maintain they are nonreligious, although they tend to believe in the divine or our inner divinity and that we have an inborn capacity to know the divine or the deeper spiritual realities of the cosmos.

We now understand the magnitude of changes expected to occur in a rapid green transition. By the performance-stability trade-off, we are by now aware that economic, financial and political resilience could be affected. We also suspect that policymakers are potentially being misled by the current generation of ‘transition scenarios’ that do not consider those risks. But in order to know whether we could fall off the cliff, we need to establish how near to the edge we are now, and how big a push towards the edge the transition will cause. In this chapter, we show, with ample empirical evidence, that indeed the global economy faces severe risks of instability in a rapid green transition. But we must achieve this transition, given that climate damages will inevitably be much worse. Therefore, we conclude that we must urgently not only start the transition but also create resilience and provide very solid guardrails to prevent everything from coming off the track and crashing. Uncertainty and instability are thus the true cost of the transition, and we face the real prospect that such instability hinders our ability to complete this transition and save the climate.

A retropharyngeal abscess is a serious infection of the soft tissue behind the pharynx, which can in severe circumstances lead to airway obstruction or sepsis. They typically occur in children ages 2−4 years old and are associated with symptoms such as drooling, fever, sore throat, trismus, and neck stiffness with extension. Early interventions include airway evaluation, IV access, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and ENT consultation. Plain films can be suggestive of a retropharyngeal abscess, but a CT of the neck is often needed for diagnosis. Retropharyngeal abscesses often need surgical drainage, especially if they do not respond promptly to antibiotics.

This is an emergency medicine oral board-style case of an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A patient with a history of COPD presents with respiratory distress and requires treatment. Successful completion of the case includes the administration of β-agonists such as albuterol, anticholinergic agents such as ipratropium bromide, steroids, and antibiotics. Oxygen use, steroid use, antibiotic use, use of BiPAP and CPAP, and mechanical ventilation are discussed in the context of COPD exacerbation.

This chapter presents a dynamic model for providing feedback to students on their formative assessments, one that fosters a mistake-friendly learning environment and promotes meaningful student engagement. Designed to accommodate the diverse abilities of learners, the model underscores the importance of effective and timely feedback, while fostering opportunities for critique, reflection, and dialogue. By integrating personalised feedback strategies and facilitating open questions and discussions, the chapter illustrates how educators can create inclusive spaces where learners feel empowered to learn from mistakes and actively shape their academic growth. This approach not only enhances learning outcomes but also nurtures a culture of continuous improvement and mutual respect in the classroom.

Pediatric patients frequently present with musculoskeletal pain to the emergency department. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a common cause of hip pain and disability in adolescents. It is caused by slipping of the epiphysis of the femur on the metaphysis. The incidence is highest in obese males during the time of adolescent growth spurt. Pain and limp may be insidious, causing a worsening chronic limp, though an acute injury may exacerbate the condition, prompting presentation to the emergency department. Patients may present with knee pain due to referred hip pain. The hip should always be examined in pediatric patients presenting with knee pain. X-rays are diagnostic for the condition. Treatment is non-weight-bearing and percutaneous pinning. Early treatment is critical to avoid complications that can lead to permanent disabilities.

This chapter describes a case of a 33-year-old male who was found unconscious. The patient was initially unresponsive and had no apparent obstruction or trauma. Naloxone was administered in titrated doses as the patient had a history of working as a home health aide for a client with advanced cancer and had access to fentanyl patches and oxycodone tablets. The patient responded to the treatment and was observed for 12 hours. The chapter highlights the importance of early actions, including administering naloxone incrementally, monitoring and observing patients after naloxone administration, and performing a fingerstick glucose test. The chapter also provides pearls to manage opioid overdose, including the use of titrated doses of naloxone and the consideration of naloxone prescription for patients being discharged after opioid overdose.

This chapter provides an overview of the current state of research on the role of writing in second language (L2) learning. For many years L2 writing and second language acquisition (SLA) research developed independently. However, recent interest in the learning potential of writing and writing-related processes has led to a prolific area of research investigating L2 writing from a writing-to-learn perspective. This chapter, a novel addition to the second edition of the handbook, acknowledges this research and responds to calls for a more central role of L2 writing in SLA research agendas. Scholarly work on the learning affordances of L2 writing has examined both individual and collaborative writing, as well as the use and processing of written corrective feedback. The chapter discusses the theoretical underpinnings of research in each of these areas and provides a summary of key issues and findings. It reviews selected empirical studies, involving a range of learner populations and L2s, that have contributed to our understanding of how and why writing and writing-related processes facilitate L2 learning. The chapter concludes with a forward look, pointing out directions for future research.

This chapter provides the learner with the skills and knowledge for cases that involve a patient who comes in with undifferentiated right-sided back pain who is later found to have pyelonephritis. However, the case is complicated by the patient being a pregnant 30-year-old female who is allergic to penicillin and therefore the critical actions would be to determine her pregnancy and allergy, and then to prescribe the most appropriate antibiotics for a pregnant female.

This chapter discusses ghosts and demons. Ghosts were a capacious and ill-defined category. People feared ghosts but might also pity them. The annual Ghost Festival on the fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month marks the moment when ghosts enter the yang world. Buddhist and sometimes Daoist priests perform pudu, the rite of universal salvation, and ordinary folk put out food for ghosts to eat. Demons are an altogether more chaotic and violent force. A major dimension of folk religion is concerned to protect communities against demonic attack. Ritual specialists, especially Daoist priests and yin-yang masters, devise complex liturgies to keep demon armies at bay. The chapter looks at the role of ghosts in folk entertainment, particularly ‘ghost opera’. It shows that the attitude of the CCP was contradictory. Mao Zedong, like many members of the educated classes, valued this art form and backed efforts to reform it. Much of the content of ghost opera, however, could not be reconciled with materialism and revolutionary values, and after an aborted effort at reform, Mao’s wife, Jiang Qing, succeeded in banning it (although in practice the ban was never completely effective).

This chapter briefly describes the clinicopathologic features of mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. We focus on their immunophenotype as well as the differential diagnosis, which includes T-prolymphocytic leukemia, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, T follicular helper cell lymphoma, and reactive T cells.

This chapter centers on Bieral’s role in the 1854 Anthony Burns fugitive slave case, where he organized armed guards to prevent Burns’s rescue. Bieral’s participation reveals his alignment with pro-slavery Democrats and his complex racial identity. The chapter interrogates his motivations – political loyalty, racial self-interest, and personal pride – while contrasting his actions with abolitionist efforts. Bieral’s subsequent assault on attorney Richard Henry Dana, Jr., exemplifies the violent enforcement of political power. The narrative situates Bieral within the broader context of antebellum racial politics, highlighting the paradox of a possibly mixed-race man defending slavery to assert his whiteness and authority.