Chapter 1 offers an overview of the larger themes addressed by the book, focusing on the question of contingency and how letters can be considered as literary ‘works’. The chapter argues that chance or happenstance itself governs letters and letter-writing both in material and in affective or conceptual ways. It proposes that the ‘radical contingency’ of letters can be said to set them apart from literary works more specifically conceived, in the sense that the latter do not generally and in principle hold a primary or formative connection with the specific events surrounding their composition. The chapter argues that the question of contingency connects with Keats’s governing ideas about life – with what he repeatedly refers to in his letters as life’s ‘circumstances’, ‘chance’, or ‘accidents’.

Research is important in the creation of new knowledge or as a way of understanding phenomena. This chapter primarily concerns quantitative research. The chapter begins with a discussion about quantitative research and Indigenous peoples in context to provide an overview of the vexed discussion of methodological approaches advocated in Indigenous research. This is followed by an overview of Indigenous quantitative research in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander context, including what is defined as research and the key differences between research methodology and methods. The authors then introduce concepts of Indigenous quantitative research practices and include a case study on the Yawuru wellbeing framework to illuminate how methodology affects research and therefore understanding. The final section describes participatory action research as an appropriate methodology when conducting research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia, and looks at how appropriate quantitative methods can contribute to new knowledge and understanding through the case study of an Aboriginal Ranger in Central Australia.

This case describes a child with measles, a highly contagious infection caused by a paramyxovirus. This infection is classically characterized by fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and a characteristic rash that progresses craniocaudally. This case will review the clinical presentation, as well as testing and further management of this illness. We will also discuss the management of measles exposures.

Status epilepticus is defined as one seizure persisting for greater than 5 minutes, or two seizures within a 5-minute period without interval return to baseline. This condition is characterized by intractable seizure and represents a true medical emergency, as it poses a severe threat of anoxic brain injury that increases with duration of seizure. Status epilepticus has widely varied causes, including but not limited to hypoglycemia, electrolyte abnormalities, substance withdrawal, medications/toxins, new-onset primary seizure disorders, malignancy, and trauma. Following the classic primary survey, management should focus on cessation of seizure activity through administration of benzodiazepines, with progression to phenytoin/fosphenytoin and even barbiturates should seizures remain refractory. Airway protection should be actively maintained given the often-high doses of these medications. Work-up should include basic laboratory panels, including CBC, BMP, LFTs, coags, UA, serum tox, ABG, and ECG; imaging should include CXR and CT head. A thorough history should be obtained from patient/family/bystanders if possible following stabilization, and neurology consult should be considered.

The final chapter summarizes, offers concluding remarks, and suggests some challenges that worldview studies will face in the future. It also suggests how we, as reflective individuals, can develop an intellectually and existentially satisfying worldview.

We begin this chapter with a simple homological argument which severely restricts the abelian possibilities for πX. Homology 3-spheres have essentially unique abelian embeddings (although they may have other embeddings).

Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is an aggressive T-cell lymphoma with characteristic clinicopathologic features. This chapter highlights the key immunophenotype of HSTCL and underscores the distinct differences between HSTCL and its mimickers, such as γδ T-LGLL and aggressive NK-cell neoplasm.

Congenital pyloric stenosis is a form of gastric outlet obstruction that occurs most often in babies under six months of age. Symptoms include projectile emesis and no loss of appetite. A small olive-sized mass may be palpated on exam, and is pathognomonic if found. Labs may reveal hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, and will improve with fluid resuscitation. Congenital pyloric stenosis is corrected surgically and prognosis is excellent.

How people learn a second language is a topic of long-standing human curiosity as well as prime educational and social importance. The mid twentieth century is the conventional starting point for recounting the history of the modern discipline of second language (L2) acquisition. However, although this chapter focuses on that interval, it recognizes that much older ideas and texts provide a context for understanding contemporary and near-contemporary treatment of the topic. To illustrate the scope of reflection on L2 acquisition, Chapter 1 narrates the historical backdrop to three themes, all of which are salient to the recent history of the field, while they have also appeared in various guises over the full-length history of Western reflection on language: (1) the role a learner’s first language plays in the acquisition of an L2; (2) capacities that are imputed to be inherent to learners, and which bear on the task of L2 acquisition; and (3) the function of the social environment in which learning takes place. These three themes provide a basis for appreciating continuities and discontinuities across the full history of L2 acquisition, a history that vastly predates the twentieth-century focus in this chapter.

This chapter outlines the governance landscape of ocean acidification (OA), identifying thirty-one actors and twenty-seven instruments at the international, regional, local, and transnational levels. The map indicates that no single institution leads OA governance; rather, multiple institutions address different aspects through implicit mandates rather than explicit ones. Only the Ocean Acidification Alliance has a clear OA mission. Most institutions operate across various fields such as climate, biodiversity, and marine protection, resulting in functional overlaps without a clear hierarchy. Applying regime complex theory, the chapter contends that OA governance constitutes a regime complex – partially overlapping, likely non-hierarchical institutions governing the same issue area. Three factors affirm this classification: divergent interests (economic vs. environmental), high uncertainty (scientific complexity and multiple actors), and limited linkages between institutions. The regime complex is situated at the intersection of climate, marine, and atmospheric governance systems. This characterisation is vital, as it implies that global experimentalist governance could effectively utilise these existing institutional arrangements rather than supplanting them, laying the groundwork for selecting suitable governance approaches in subsequent chapters.

Chapter 8 explores specifically anti-religious propaganda, arguing that initially this was relatively unfocused. The Great Leap Forward saw an attempt to propagate atheism through peasant philosophy teams and a mass campaign to get workers, peasants, and soldiers to write poems and songs discrediting belief in supernatural agency. The chapter explores the CCP’s appropriation of traditional cultural forms to erode popular belief in the agency of non-visible entities, focusing on long-form storytelling, revolutionary opera, and use of cinema for the same end. It briefly explores the onset of the Mao cult and the turn to small groups as a way of undermining folk religion, concentrating on a discussion among women in industry and a discussion in a village, again largely involving women, and suggests how taken-for-granted knowledge had become a terrain for different views.

This is an emergency medicine oral board-style case of a transplant patient with a fever. A patient with a history of a renal transplant presents to the emergency department with fever and is found to have sepsis secondary to cellulitis. As transplant patients are immunosuppressed and susceptible to septic shock, successful completion of the case requires the administration of IV fluid bolus, broad-spectrum antibiotics, obtaining blood and urine cultures, consulting the transplant specialist, and appropriately admitting the patient to the ICU.

Romanticism Bewitched concludes with a discussion of Joanna Baillie’s Gothic tragedy, Witchcraft, written as a response to what she believed to be a missed opportunity by Scott in his novel, The Bride of Lammermoor, to explore the psychological and social dimensions of the rise of witchcraft. The first section outlines the similarities between Scott’s novel and Macbeth. Both Scott’s novel and Shakespeare’s tragedy take place in Scotland in a politically precarious moment with squabbling factions and dwindling confidence in the central authority of the government. In the second section, Baillie argues that the decidedly unsympathetic treatment of the female supernatural by Scott and others perpetuates damaging stereotypes and diverts our attention from the real problem – a social structure founded on inequity. Baillie’s tragedy explores the outbreak of accusations of witchcraft as the consequence of a diseased patriarchy and the abdication of the responsibilities of fathers, literally within the family unit and figuratively as the representatives of the authority of church and state.