This chapter concerns state succession, the process by which a state may succeed to the treaties, assets, debts and responsibilities of a predecessor state. The relationship between continuity and succession of states is not always easy to determine, as some states may be deemed to be continuations of the earlier state in a slightly different form rather than a totally new state. Examples covered here include Russia, Yugoslavia and Germany. The question of succession to treaties is then considered with an examination of the different kinds of treaties, such as multilateral treaties, bilateral treaties, human rights treaties and territorial treaties. The various effects upon such treaties of how the succession is characterised, from absorption and merger to cession of part of a state to another, to the creation of a new state, are examined. The chapter then turns to other branches of succession, from succession to membership of international organisations to succession to assets, including archives, and debts and succession to private rights, nationality and responsibility.

Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) comprises acute leukemias with discrete admixed populations of myeloid and lymphoid blasts (bilineal or mixed lineage) or with coexpression of lymphoid and myeloid markers in a single blast population (biphenotypic or mixed phenotype). However, the distinctions between mixed-lineage and mixed-phenotype MPAL are not always clear-cut. This chapter focuses on explaining the diagnostic criteria for MPAL and lineage-defining markers, summarizing its biological and genetic features, and addressing common diagnostic pitfalls of these unusual leukemias as part of the differential diagnostic considerations.

Introduction

Politics of Friendship is a seminal text within the apparent ‘ethical turn’ in Jacques Derrida's work, in which it has been argued that ‘the social and the political’, and the ‘ethical and juridical’, became the focus of his attention. However, Derrida's own thoughts on this ‘turn’ render it dubious as an accurate description of his oeuvre. And yet, contestation over the ‘ethical turn’ aside, Politics of Friendship does illustrate Derrida's thoughts on various juridico-political concepts: in particular, his critical account of ‘the political’ (in French, le politique) which was so prominent in his work of the 1980s. This chapter concentrates on this aspect of Derrida's work.

The chapter also reads the works published under the name Politics of Friendship as representing Derrida's entire, ‘collected’, 1988–9 seminar series Politiques de l’amitié. Whilst this is perhaps an unorthodox reading of Derrida's work – which will be explored below – it provides initial support for this chapter's two theses (PF, vii). The first is that Politics of Friendship, qua the 1988–9 seminar series Politiques de l’amitié, houses the inaugural appearances of the concept of ‘autoimmunity’ in Derrida's work. The second thesis is then that these appearances are best explained not by reference to ‘biological or physiological’ readings of autoimmunity but rather by readings which acknowledge the juridico-political themes which have, for millennia, been attached to the concept of immunity.

With the context set, and the reading undertaken explained, we can now move to unearth autoimmunity's inaugural appearances in Derrida's 1980s work on le politique.

This emergency medicine oral boards case describes the diagnosis and appropriate management of LVAD (left ventricular assist device) thrombosis. The case presents an older male patient with an LVAD who presents to the emergency department in respiratory distress. The history reveals that the patient has advanced heart failure and received surgery for an LVAD implantation 2 years prior. He has been compliant with his medication, but his LVAD has been showing higher power readings and lower flow rates than usual. His exam shows that he is in respiratory distress, has a low MAP (mean arterial pressure) and has signs of volume overload. His diagnostic studies indicate thrombosis and hemolysis, as well as pulmonary edema. These studies raise high suspicion of a thrombus in the LVAD pump causing LVAD dysfunction and cardiogenic shock. A heparin infusion should be initiated and the LVAD team and cardiothoracic surgery should be consulted in order to expeditiously treat the LVAD thrombus and restore adequate perfusion to the patient. LVADs, although lifesaving and life-prolonging, are associated with numerous complications. As LVAD utilization increases, emergency physicians must be well versed in their management.

The Aporia of Classical Decision

In the concluding pages of the Foreword to Politics of Friendship, Derrida announces as one of the main tasks of his book (and of his subsequent work, from the late 1980s on) an exploration of the status of decision and the deciding subject: ‘We will then ask ourselves what a decision is and who decides. And if a decision is – as we are told – active, free, conscious and willful, sovereign. What would happen if we kept this word and this concept, but changed these last determinations?’ (PF, xi). As I aim to demonstrate in my chapter, Derrida responds to this task by developing the thought of a decision worthy of the name, which he designates as a passive decision or the other's decision in me. This thought consists in the two-step deconstructive re-elaboration of the classical conception of decision that is sketched in the aforementioned passage.

As (future) educators and researchers, mastering the art of lecturing can significantly enhance your ability to communicate complex ideas, engage your audience, and foster meaningful learning experiences. This chapter will explore essential techniques for crafting compelling presentations, adapting to various platforms, and maximizing audience engagement. By implementing these strategies, you’ll be well-equipped to create and deliver impactful lectures that resonate with your listeners and effectively convey your expertise in the field of psychology.

The chapter describes the case of a 55-year-old male with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, who presents with worsening abdominal distension, pain, and two episodes of vomiting. The patient has a history of hypertension, diabetes, and asthma, and has had swelling in the groin before, but it has gotten worse, more painful, and has become “hard.” The physical examination reveals a distended, diffusely tender abdomen, bowel sounds absent, and a large right inguinal hernia that is not reducible, with overlying skin that is dusky. The patient is diagnosed with an incarcerated hernia with bowel obstruction. Critical actions include recognition of the hernia, large-bore IV access and fluid bolus, upright chest x-ray, CT abdomen pelvis with IV contrast, pain management and antiemetics, nasogastric tube placement if symptoms are not controlled, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and surgery consult. The chapter provides several pearls, including the importance of fluid resuscitation, recognition of peritoneal signs, and avoiding reduction of a strangulated hernia, which can lead to perforation and sepsis.

It’s easy to blow a job interview. Sometimes, job candidates do it in a matter of minutes or even seconds. Here are some tips we offer to make the most of job interviews rather than blowing them. Our list includes both things to do and things not to do.

This chapter posits that risk assessment necessary as a condition precedent to settlement requires evidentiary transparency as to all stakeholders, including the arbitral tribunal. Moreover, this chapter discusses and asserts that settlement and mediation techniques are futile absent a thorough understanding of the underlying evidence, and objective procedural methodologies governing admissibility, relevance, materiality, and weight of the evidence. Thus, the chapter analyzes features and possible amendments to the rules of the leading ICA institutional administrative bodies that would enhance the predictive value of determinations based on existing evidence. Consequently, the evidential framework of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (SCC), the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC), the International Centre for Dispute Resolution (ICDR), and the German Arbitration Institute (DIS) rules are analyzed.

The Conclusion draws together the book’s various thematic strands: the perceived primacy of the ‘reason’, the right of its possessors to rule, the exculpatory effect of a frenzy diagnosis, and the high cost paid by those who received one. It returns to the larger question posed at the outset: whether the organ of the brain and the faculties of the mind were seen as constitutive of ‘personhood’ in pre-1700s England. The responses to frenzy which we have encountered in this book suggests that they were. The operations of the mental faculties known as ‘reason’, ‘will’, and ‘memory’ (or simply the ‘wits’) were located in (and often colloquially identified with) the brain. The functionality and continuity of these faculties was integral to the maintenance of legal, social, and spiritual personhood. Yet what troubled frenzy’s witnesses the most, the Conclusion argues, was the way it disrupted its sufferers’ predictable ways of being in the world – the values they had once held dear, the ways they had once looked and spoken. It was a disease which had the power to change friends, neighbours, and loved ones beyond recognition.

This chapter explores the gendered dimensions of mathematics anxiety, shedding light on why female students consistently report higher levels of anxiety than their male peers. Drawing directly from students’ comments, it offers fresh insights into how gender shapes classroom engagement and behaviour. The chapter also critically examines the persistent perception of STEM as a male-dominated field, a concern that continues to influence students’ academic experiences. Grounded in students’ experiences, it concludes with actionable recommendations aimed at fostering more inclusive and supportive learning environments.

Maurice Blanchot, L’arrêt de mort

The concept of democracy rarely announces itself, Derrida declares in the preface to Politiques de l’amitié, without the possibility of fraternisation (PF, 11/viii).1 That is to say, democracy does not present itself without reference to nation, birth, species, Geschlecht – without reference, in short, to blood. And later the epigraph to chapter 6, which is taken from Carl Schmitt's Der Begriff des Politischen, reads:

Following its meaning in German (as in so many other languages), ‘friend’ is originally only the person to whom a genealogical bond unites. Originally the friend is but the friend of blood, the consanguine parent or again the ‘parent by alliance’ through marriage, oath of fraternity, adop¬tion or other corresponding institutions.

In the epilogue to the chapter, Derrida sets his sights on the ‘fraternal res¬onance [den geschwisterlichen Klang]’ of the ‘obscure friendship of rhyme’ whose kinship forges an alliance between speech and the place of the motherland, between the poem and belonging. Echo, with her auto-affection, means that rhyme always risks serving the law of the worst – of nationalism, of racism. And yet, glossing Schmitt's reading of Konrad Weiß's poem, ‘the stamp of the rhyme, like the hammer of a storm’, also syncopates the sibling sonority, deconstructing the unifying tone of Geschlecht.