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Long advocates for the oppressed, Friends have a tradition of seeking to right perceived wrongs and bring light to situations—interpersonal, familial, and societal—that demonstrate imbalances in power and the overlooking or denial of the sacred center, “that of God,” in everyone. Action on behalf of social justice arises from an inward leading, a pressure within, that calls Friends into ‘right relationship’ with the issue needing more ‘Light’, whether that is racism, oppression, abuse of power, food inequity, the need for restorative justice, exploitation of the planet, or other worthy concerns.
This chapter explores some ongoing efforts among Quaker women to sustain and nurture relationships across the varied and at times conflicting traditions of Friends. The primary example offered here is that of women in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States where the two yearly meetings are at the opposite ends of Friends’ theological spectrum. These efforts will be compared to the work of the United Society for Friends Women (USFW) which has been a leader in connecting across Yearly Meetings, especially in Kenya where the tensions and pressures separating Friends are substantially different than in the United States.
The first century-and-a-half of Quaker existence is presented through such metaphors as ‘the Lamb’s War’. This represented at first both a personal experience leading to overcoming evil within oneself and a corporate confrontation against evil in the larger world. By 1800, after a tumultuous series of revolutions and wars in the North Atlantic world, the Quaker Lamb’s War had changed to highly organized sectarianism distinct from mainstream society, and, among some notable Quakers, implied a humanitarianism impelled by ongoing commitment to the Inward Light. The Inward Light, revelation, spiritual equality, Quaker witness (also called ethics or ‘testimonies’), and group governance through discernment persisted through all three periods, and remain common to Friends today
The Cambridge Companion to Quakerism offers a fresh, up-to-date, and accessible introduction to Quakerism. Quakerism is founded on radical ideas and its history of constancy and change offers fascinating insights into the nature of non-conformity. In a series of eighteen essays written by an international team of scholars, and commissioned especially for this volume, the Companion covers the history of Quakerism from its origins to the present day. Employing a range of methodologies, it features sections on the history of Quaker faith and practice, expressions of Quaker faith, regional studies, and emerging spiritualities. It also examines all branches of Quakerism, including evangelical, liberal, and conservative, as well as non-theist Quakerism and convergent Quaker thought. This Companion will serve as an essential resource for all interested in Quaker thought and practice.