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The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was an era of continuity as well as change. Though properly portrayed as the era of 'Protestant Ascendancy' it embraces two phases - the eighteenth century when that ascendancy was at its peak; and the nineteenth century when the Protestant elite sustained a determined rear-guard defence in the face of the emergence of modern Catholic nationalism. Employing a chronology that is not bound by traditional datelines, this volume moves beyond the familiar political narrative to engage with the economy, society, population, emigration, religion, language, state formation, culture, art and architecture, and the Irish abroad. It provides new and original interpretations of a critical phase in the emergence of a modern Ireland that, while focused firmly on the island and its traditions, moves beyond the nationalist narrative of the twentieth century to provide a history of late early modern Ireland for the twenty-first century.
This final volume in the Cambridge History of Ireland covers the period from the 1880s to the present. Based on the most recent and innovative scholarship and research, the many contributions from experts in their field offer detailed and fresh perspectives on key areas of Irish social, economic, religious, political, demographic, institutional and cultural history. By situating the Irish story, or stories - as for much of these decades two Irelands are in play - in a variety of contexts, Irish and Anglo-Irish, but also European, Atlantic and, latterly, global. The result is an insightful interpretation on the emergence and development of Ireland during these often turbulent decades. Copiously illustrated, with special features on images of the 'Troubles' and on Irish art and sculpture in the twentieth century, this volume will undoubtedly be hailed as a landmark publication by the most recent generation of historians of Ireland.
The essay begins with an introduction to the historical and cultural context of present day African Friends and their considerable diversity even within a given region of a given country. A “thick” ethnographic description of the beliefs, practices and community among a specific community of Friends, at Vozoli Village Meeting, part of Keveye Monthly Meeting, in Chavakali Yearly Meeting, Kenya, follows.
Spanning from India in the west, up to China in the north, and down to New Zealand in the southeast, the Asia-Pacific region is home to approximately 35,000 Friends in about twenty countries. By the numbers, close to 90% are Evangelical, 6% are non-pastoral Programmed, and 5% are Unprogrammed. This chapter looks beyond these statistics by outlining the work of Quakers, and touches on Quaker-related organizations that operate in the region.
This chapter surveys educational institutions, philosophies, and trends in schools started by Friends worldwide, examining both practical and religious dimensions of Friends’ education, with attention to how these have evolved within the different branches of Quakerism. It explores the nature of the “guarded and select” education that Quakers gave their own youth, and the ways they educated the poor and African Americans. It considers the effects of nineteenth-century Holiness revivals on Quaker education. It examines the recent growth of the religious and theological dimensions of Quaker studies. It also examines controversies that concern contemporary Quaker education, especially as it relates to the education of the children of the wealthy and powerful.