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How did the ancient Greeks understand their many gods, and how were those understandings shaped through material acts of worship? Tulsi Parikh explores Archaic Greek religion through the practice of votive offering, treating objects not as passive reflections of belief but as active instruments of religious thought. Through votive gifts, ranging from everyday objects to carefully crafted dedications, worshippers negotiated the uncertain boundary between human and divine, defining divine power, presence, and otherness through material choice. Drawing on archaeological evidence from over twenty sanctuaries across Greece, the book reveals how local, regional, and interregional patterns of dedication expressed diverse yet interconnected theologies. Moving beyond long-standing models of chaos versus order in Greek polytheism, it foregrounds lived religious experience and shows how belief, cognition, and divine relationships were materially produced. The result is a fresh, material-based religious history of Archaic Greece-one written through things. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
This is an important new study of Chinese discourses on war and peace from the end of the First World War to the death of Mao Zedong. Exploring these discourses and how they changed over this period, Elisabeth Forster focusses, in particular, on jus ad bellum and the question of whether it was just to start a war. She proceeds from the observation that, while many of China's successive and competing governments claimed that China was inherently peaceful, the peacefulness claim contrasts with the many wars China has waged or threatened. She examines the logic of China's peacefulness claim, whether China developed a unique discourse on war and peace or was part of broader global conversations, and what we can learn from China about the global project to create world peace in the twentieth century and, especially, about that project's failure.
The second Silk Roads Era, c.400–1000 CE, was a transformative period in world history. In this engaging holistic analysis, Craig Benjamin explores the developments that made it possible. Utilizing an extensive range of sources, he explores the consequences of Islamic expansion and the gripping contest that ensued between Chinese, Turkic, Tibetan and Muslim armies. Readers follow the generals who fought for control of Inner Asia, travels with the Sogdian and Muslim caravans that traversed challenging land routes, and voyages on sturdy commercial vessels that sailed enormous distances across the Indian Ocean Basin. The study also highlights two key events of the mid-eighth century, the Battle of Talas and the An Lushan Rebellion, which had devastating consequences. Benjamin demonstrates how this history still resonates in the region today, and how much the past continues to shape the present and future of our world.
Jack Boss's third book on the most famous member of the 'second Viennese School', this work offers an intriguing revisionist history of Schoenberg's early music. It provides close readings of six pieces from Op. 1 to Op. 9, illustrated by detailed motivic analyses as well as Schenkerian graphs, to show how tonality and motive work together to project the 'musical idea,' and how Schoenberg's tonal style gradually became more dissonant, leading to atonality. Boss's earlier books argued that the atonal and twelve-tone works were part of a consistent development tied together by the expression of a common narrative-the conflict, elaboration, and resolution of what Schoenberg himself called the 'idea.' This book completes the circle by showing that the early, tonal works also project musical idea narratives. It justifies Schoenberg's preference for setting music to text early in his career, by showing how his chosen texts helped shape these narratives of conflict and resolution.
The book contains eleven chapters of original research whose objects of study span the fields of literary and cultural production, from novels, poetry, and plays to music, television, and film. This multimedia context is essential for understanding the development of African American literature in the 1990s, and each chapter provides an ample bibliography of primary and secondary sources for interdisciplinary study of the decade. The book's conceptual coherence is enhanced by dividing the eleven chapters into three thematic clusters: 'Culture, Commerce, and Criticism,' 'Gender, Genre, and Generations,' and 'Poetry, Performance, and Parody.' These clusters draw connections not only between their constituent chapters but also across media and bibliographies, bringing literary, historical, discursive, and cultural analysis to bear on the Black 1990s. The book's rationale and structure are clearly described in the introduction, which doubles as an outline of each chapter's argument and place within the volume.
A celebrity in his own time, Handel remains popular with performers, music-lovers and scholars today. The specially commissioned contributions to this volume will enable students, teachers and concert-goers to better appreciate his music through a deeper understanding of the world in which he lived. The chapters focus on key aspects of the composer's career within the different social, political, cultural and musical contexts he experienced in Britain and Europe. They explore Handel's lifestyle and his personal and professional relationships; the various musical establishments for which he worked; the styles, practices and personnel that shaped his compositions; and the influence, reception and legacy of his music during and since his lifetime. Writing from a variety of perspectives, authors shed light on each topic while helping readers to navigate the breadth of recent scholarship. This book is an essential reference work for anybody studying Handel's music or that of his eighteenth-century contemporaries.
In 1957, Chinese university students mobilised to share forbidden information about Khrushchev's secret speech and unrest in Eastern Europe. Responding to Mao's call to criticize the party, they did so in the belief that they were perfecting socialism. In the devasting campaigns that followed Mao's call, over 550,000 people were labelled 'rightists' by 1958, destroying lives for generations. Neither heroes nor villains, student participation in these campaigns ran across the political spectrum and represented impossible choices made under authoritarian pressure. Drawing on oral history, memoir, and archival documents, Yidi Wu recovers the history of a supressed student movement and reveals the full spectrum of participation in Mao's political campaigns in the late 1950s. Placing the movement in the context of activism from 1919 to 1989, Wu shows how students accessed information about the communist world, created communication networks across China, and the resonance of this movement in the present day.
Addressing the full historical range of dystopian writing from the early nineteenth century to the present, this carefully curated collection of essays explores the shaping influence of major authors like George Orwell, Aldous Huxley, and Margaret Atwood alongside a number of rich and important texts by lesser-known and twenty-first-century writers. Chapters explore key themes including dictatorship and totalitarianism, the fear of revolution, anxiety about environmental collapse, misogyny, artificial intelligence and robotics, and imperialism as portrayed in literary dystopias. Focused primarily on the Anglo-American tradition, this Companion also features extensive discussion of European trends in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, as well as a full chapter on non-Western dystopian literature.
Examining the period during which women's participation in literary marketplaces soared, Michelle Levy expands understandings of female authorship, moving beyond exceptional women writing in the major genres; of book trades, by tracing the importance of profit sharing and limited sale of copyright, by which authors benefited from reprinting; and of book history, by addressing the pervasive influence of gender on book culture during the long eighteenth century. Through detailed analysis of surviving publishers' archives and correspondence, she convincingly argues that women were actively involved in all decisions relating to the production, marketing, circulation, and reception of their books. Women in fact wrote not merely texts but books: they drafted with attention to the shape their writing would take in book form and were directly involved in the processes by which their words were transformed into material and commercial objects. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Ruling Racial Quotas Constitutional explores a 2012 decision in which the Brazilian supreme court unanimously upheld racial quotas for university admissions in a striking victory for Black social movements. Drawing on legal records, public hearings, and amicus briefs, the book reveals how Black activists shaped the court's reasoning which produced a transformative intersectional quota system for the racially and socio-economically disadvantaged. Interdisciplinary in scope, it combines history, law, discourse analysis, and politics explore the strategies of Black activists to persuade the court and open a path to constitutional and legislative innovation. Essential for scholars, students, and legal practitioners, it shows that the intersection of collective action and the law can produce substantive change even in highly unequal societies. The book also highlights the distinctive interpretations of equality, race, and social justice held by the Brazilian Supreme Court as it gained centrality in national politics in the 21st century.
Cable Empires uncovers the hidden communications infrastructure that helped shape the international legal order. From submarine telegraph cables to the fiber-optic systems that underpin today's digital economy, global communication networks linked distant territories, reshaped knowledge, and transformed governance across empires, markets, and states. Cable networks unsettled conventional understandings of jurisdiction and sovereignty, while enabling new forms of political and economic power beyond territorial borders. At the same time, their construction and operation depended on Indigenous labor, resource extraction, corporate and state capital, territorial access, and international law. Bridging international law, history, and science and technology studies, Cable Empires offers a new account of how communications infrastructure and technology were intertwined with the development of the international legal order. In an era marked by struggles over digital sovereignty and geopolitical rivalry, it offers insight into the material and historical foundations of contemporary power and the legal arrangements that sustain them.
This guidebook, the first of its kind, summarizes the state of the art in the field of epistemic gossip protocols. Gossip protocols are peer-to-peer communication protocols intended to maximize information dissemination while respecting network or transmission constraints. This comprehensive reference begins by presenting classical results on gossip protocols from networks and combinatorics from the 1970s and progresses through results in distributed computing up to the work on epistemic distributed gossip protocols of the past decade. In epistemic gossip protocols, agents make information-based choices to speed up information dissemination and allow smarter and more involved forms of distributed communication. Topics covered include various call semantics, reachability of secret distributions, dynamic gossip where secrets and numbers are exchanged, optimality, protocol knowledge, and higher-order epistemic goals. Featuring numerous exercises, this book from a lead researcher is an ideal resource for graduate students and researchers in logic, computer science, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science.
Sleep medicine and dream science have long been dominated by empirical approaches. Volume 2 of this handbook highlights emerging theories of sleep disorders and the role of social and environmental factors in sleep health, showing how conceptual models guide effective application of empirical work. Featuring contributions from leading experts, chapters examine mechanisms of sleep regulation, functions of sleep and dreaming, and present diverse frameworks side by side, outlining core assumptions, mechanisms, and implications before addressing deeper complexities. Designed for students, researchers, and clinicians across sleep science, neuroscience, psychology, biology, and medicine, the handbook invites critical engagement with models and reflection on how they shape contemporary understanding and research.
Sleep medicine and dream science have long been dominated by empirical approaches. Volume 1 of this handbook underscores the critical importance of models and theories of sleep and dreams, which provide the conceptual frameworks needed to interpret empirical findings – spanning biological, psychological, and philosophical perspectives. Featuring contributions from leading experts, chapters examine mechanisms of sleep regulation, functions of sleep and dreaming, and present diverse frameworks side by side, outlining core assumptions, mechanisms, and implications before addressing deeper complexities. Designed for students, researchers, and clinicians across sleep science, neuroscience, psychology, biology, and medicine, the handbook invites critical engagement with models and reflection on how they shape contemporary understanding and research.
Literary forms are ways of doing work through the repeated arrangement of linguistic elements. Reading history and forms such as aesthetics with Burke, Kames, and Young, larch-planting and the picturesque with Wordsworth, irrigation and the pastoral with Shelley, and labour management and the lyric with Clare, this original study shows how romanticism was the acculturation of agricultural improvement's poetic infrastructure. This infrastructure is a historically specific set of such forms and their associated physical media and social practices. Both are made from everyday language-uses and are not unique to – though they receive unique attention in – literature, which makes literature necessary for understanding their historical change and their role in other historical changes. Examining contemporary agricultural case studies, Nathan TeBokkel shows that romanticism was conditioned by and then enfolded into the infrastructure concerned with nature, labour, their management, and their improvement, thereby remaining paradigmatic in these fields to the present day.
This pioneering comparative study provides the first quantitative, large-scale, cross-language analysis of subject pronoun variation, with a dataset representing more than 1000 speakers, twenty-four communities, and 6 languages: Persian, Spanish, European and Brazilian Portuguese, Mandarin, and Swabian. Over 250,000 sites of pronominal variation are analysed to reveal community-specific and universal patterns of pronoun use, providing readers with key insights into how communities vary in their characteristic rates of pronoun use and in their sensitivity to linguistic and social conditioning factors. The project employs a range of quantitative measures, statistical techniques, and visualization tools to assist readers in investigating pronominal variation from cognitive, linguistic, and social perspectives. The book includes a freely downloadable R Markdown Project for readers to use in replicating and extending the methods provided to their own projects.
Across Africa, power structures from colonial legacies to modern social hierarchies create and sustain exclusion. Exploring the individuals and groups living on the periphery of African society, this book situates Africa's marginalized identities as catalysts for social transformation. Toyin Falola examines a diverse range of identities, including persons with albinism, LGBTQI+ communities, refugees, rural dwellers, and women in seclusion. By analyzing these groups not as passive victims but as active agents of change, the book reveals how their unique perspectives and resistance movements are reshaping the continent's future. Blending sociology, history, and political science, Falola challenges prevailing norms and advocates for a more inclusive, pluralistic Africa. Marginalized Identities in Africa is an essential resource for anyone seeking to understand the intersection of identity, human rights, and social transformation in one of the world's most dynamic regions.