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The United States has fought wars throughout its history. But how has it attempted to shape a peaceful world in the wake of these conflicts? This volume explores the long US history of post-conflict diplomacy – from the early republic, through the aftermath of World War II, to recent global engagements. Through richly detailed essays, it examines how power, race, and individual agency shaped US efforts to rebuild relationships after war. Moving beyond simplistic narratives, the book reveals the complexity of forging peace and its unintended consequences. It highlights pivotal moments when alliances were born, rivalries transformed, and non-governmental actors influenced outcomes as much as statesmen. Essential for scholars, policymakers, and readers seeking insight into how past strategies inform present decisions, this work reframes America's diplomatic legacy and offers lessons for future interventions. Bold, comparative, and deeply researched, it illuminates the challenges – and possibilities – of building peace after conflict.
This book studies the emergence of large-scale structure from small structures in the context of random graphs. Typical large graphs with fixed edge density e and triangle density t are described by a 'graphon' that solves a constrained optimization problem. Proofs are provided of the existence of infinitely many open sets ('phases') in the (e,t) plane where the optimal graphon is unique and varies analytically with (e,t). The optimal graphons take a simple form, with symmetries that vary from phase to phase, indicating an emergent self-organization of the corresponding graphs. Besides being of independent interest in the theory of random graphs, extremal combinatorics and the calculus of variations, this provides a rigorous framework for studying ideas from statistical physics that have never been proven in their original setting. The techniques presented in this book can serve as a guide for optimization problems in other fields.
This comprehensive introduction contains a thorough exploration of Radon transforms and related operators when the basic manifolds are the real Euclidean space, the unit sphere, and the real hyperbolic space. Radon-like transforms are discussed not only on smooth functions but also in the general context of Lebesgue spaces. Applications, open problems, and recent results are also included. The book will be useful for researchers in integral geometry, harmonic analysis, and related branches of mathematics. Fields of application include modern analysis, integral and convex geometry, and medical imaging. The text contains many examples and detailed proofs, making it accessible to graduate students and advanced undergraduates. The new edition includes four new chapters covering topics including integral geometry on lower-dimensional surfaces, tangency problems in integral geometry, and applications to convex geometry.
Long maligned as an unrelenting moralist, Ibsen is better understood as a writer who combined tragedy with comedy in unresolved tensions that revolutionized dramatic art. While most studies focus on the serious aspects of contemporary dramas like A Doll's House and Hedda Gabler, this book demonstrates how Ibsen integrated elements borrowed extensively from specific popular entertainments in these and other plays. Ellen Rees here offers the first ever empirical study of the repertoire Ibsen encountered while working as a theater practitioner between 1851 and 1864, upending most of what has been written about the theater culture he experienced. It critiques previous attempts to link Ibsen to the melodrama and the well-made play, arguing instead that Ibsen engaged parodically and intertextually with light musical comedy genres like the vaudeville, which directly influenced his rejection of idealism and embrace of realism. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
The third of three volumes, the four sections of this book cover a variety of issues important to analyzing data to produce high-quality, accurate conclusions from already-collected data. First, leading scholars from around the world provide a step-by-step guide to using several popular quantitative and qualitative statistical programs used throughout the social and behavioral sciences. The next section focused on several important considerations for preparing data for analysis. Many of these directly affect the quality of the data and the resulting conclusions, In the remainder of chapters, the various authors focus on various advanced statistical techniques. In section three, the focus is on those related to quantitative analysis. Section four then focuses on analyzing qualitative data. Throughout the book, examples and real-world research efforts from dozens of different disciplines are discussed. In addition, authors often provide example data and analytical code to facilitate learning of and application of each concept.
This book explores relations between medicine and empire in the Roman world. It charts Rome's accumulation of medical resources in the Republic, bound up with the acquisition of territory and power, and then reveals the redistribution of those resources as part of the larger project of imperial consolidation after Augustus. It demonstrates the ways in which medicine – ideas and practices around health, disease and healing – supported the Roman imperial enterprise. From the medical care of large enslaved workforces and Roman armies to the hierarchies of medical practitioners in communities across the empire and the ordering of health and bodies. Rome was the medical and political capital of the Mediterranean. It was also the disease capital, and the integration of imperial territory by the second century CE not only established a unified (but not uniform) medical culture but also helped the spread of disease, culminating in the Antonine Plague.
The Cambridge Handbook of the Law of Networks, Platforms and Utilities offers a comparative and multi-sector analysis of the most important industries shaping people's lives, including transportation, communications, finance, energy, technology, and social infrastructure. Enterprises in these sectors are unlike other businesses because they form the basic infrastructure for commerce and society. Network, platform, and utility (NPU) enterprises tend toward monopoly or oligopoly, and often involve structurally unequal bargaining power because of economies of scale, network effects, special skills, and high capital costs. As a result, NPU enterprises around the world have generally been governed by distinctive legal regimes: public ownership, public utility regulation and oversight, or public options alongside private businesses. The Cambridge Handbook of the Law of Networks, Platforms and Utilities brings together leading scholars to capture the central themes and concepts in the field and describe how countries around the world govern NPU enterprises.
Religion made the theatre modern. Since the late nineteenth century, theatre theorists have asserted that drama's origins lie in religious ritual. In this ambitious study, Rebecca Kastleman traces the surprising effects of that claim for the modern and contemporary stage. Across lucidly written chapters, she tracks the 'modern drama of religion,' a movement rooted in both the many modern plays that engage directly with religion and the dramatic debut of new religious practices in the modern theatre. Such works serve as crucibles for catalyzing skepticism, dissolving some religious attachments and strengthening others. Modern playwrights' fascination with religion expanded the frontiers of theatrical experimentation, such that in modernity, the purported origin of theatre in religious ritual came to signify the cutting edge of artistic invention. Spanning drama, performance, modernism, and religious studies, this study powerfully reconfigures the relations between all these fields.
Minimalism – a long-established branch of Chomsky's Generative approach - has become increasingly influential not just in syntactic research, but across, and outside of, linguistics. Bringing together a team of renowned scholars, this handbook provides a comprehensive guide to current developments in generative syntactic theory, and its relevance to the interfaces, and to interdisciplinary applications to linguistics and beyond. Organised into five thematic parts, chapters cover minimalist perspectives on the linguistic interfaces, language in context and language development, formalist approaches to experimental syntax and computational modelling, and inter- and multidisciplinary explorations beyond language - including language pathologies, evolutionary perspectives, non-human cognition, and biolinguistics. Bringing together different theoretical points of view on the narrow syntactic and interface areas of theoretical linguistics, it is essential reading for academic researchers and advanced students across various subfields of linguistics, including syntax, semantics, morphology, phonology, discourse, language contact, and language change.
Covering the earliest known Anglophone literature for children from its medieval forms, its evolution in the early modern period and towards its emergence in the world of print culture, this volume explores the very foundations of the field through to its establishment as a popular genre for nineteenth-century consumers. In-depth discussion of specific sub-periods is provided in the opening chapters, while the remainder trace both major and more subtle changes in genre and style over time, charting an age of experimentation in form including both successful innovations and frequent failed attempts. The geographical range primarily focuses on the British Isles, but chapters also investigate early developments in children's books from North America and the wider impacts of colonialism and slavery. The shifting currents of didacticism and reading for pleasure across a variety of genres, bolstered by Enlightenment educational ideals, intersect here with new thinking about politics, sex, science, and faith.
Billions flow through illicit trade annually, harming societies and economies, yet the International Community struggle to respond effectively. This book provides a groundbreaking, integrated perspective, bridging the divide between Public International Law and WTO Law to offer a cohesive strategy against illicit trade. It starts by proposing a much-needed definition and innovative typologies – like per se vs de facto – to systematically understand the phenomenon. Real-world case studies and analysis of state regulatory measures illustrate the practical challenges. The author critiques the WTO's evasive stance, dissecting key dispute settlement cases, and introduces the concept of 'International Law Against Illicit Trade' (ILAIT) based on established legal principles. Offering more than mere critique, the book culminates in specific, actionable proposals for WTO reform, making a compelling case for adapting trade rules to fight illicit trade effectively. This book is a vital resource for anyone involved in international trade law and policy.
How can Christians navigate the kaleidoscopic landscape of devotion to Jesus? In this study, Higton explores what it might mean to worship and follow the Jesus who can wear so many faces and call with so many voices. Higton proposes a high Christology, in which the Word is the image of God's inexhaustible life, the incarnation makes that Word present in flesh that is itself inexhaustible, and the Spirit unfolds this inexhaustible life in a profusion of forms of devotion. Each such form is an improvisation upon Scripture and an experiment in love, and each also fraught with failure. In conversation with Black, womanist, and trans theologies, Higton argues that, for all the problems that beset it, the classical Christological tradition can be a resource for liberative theologies. He also shows that works of doctrinal theology can remain visibly rooted in specific lives and contexts, and oriented towards mercy, justice, and love.
By offering a comparative analysis of Salafi movements in Tunisia, Théo Blanc advances a systematic theory explaining variation in Salafi pathways of political engagement, built around the concepts of subjective and processual opportunities. The book first explores how Salafism developed in the country and crystallised into distinct currents – scholastic, political, and Jihadi – and then examines their respective adaptations to the 2010–11 revolution and evolutions during the democratisation decade (2011–21). This evolution culminated in what Blanc calls a shift towards post-Salafism, defined as a re-hierarchisation of actors' priorities in action. Blanc draws on rich fieldwork material, including interviews with the founding figures of Salafism in Tunisia, leading Salafi clerics and ideologues, and Salafi and Islamist party leaders, alongside original documentary sources. In doing so, Salafism in Tunisia makes a significant contribution to key debates in political science and Islamic studies, including inclusion-moderation, post-Islamism, political opportunity structure, politicisation, and the conceptualisation of both Salafism and Islamism.
Sixty years after their final collaboration Rodgers and Hammerstein remain central figures in the world of musical theatre, and their global influence continues to be felt. This Companion presents their iconic work for a new generation of students, teachers and fans, giving both historical context and new perspectives on the partners, the people with whom they collaborated, and the shows they created. A chapter is devoted to each musical, from Oklahoma! to The Sound of Music, providing key information about that work in both its staged and film versions, and analysis of its distinctive features including those that present challenges for practitioners, audiences and researchers today. The volume also introduces the early careers of both creators and Rodgers's work after Hammerstein's death. The contributions represent a variety of complementary disciplinary backgrounds that can serve as models for future study not just on Rodgers and Hammerstein but also on musical theatre more generally.
Broad in scope yet focused, scholarly yet written in an accessible and lucid manner, Providence, Evil and Salvation, perhaps uniquely, addresses key questions in contemporary theology from a broadly Thomist perspective: What is providence and how can it be squared with evil and suffering? What is sin? How can we construe a meaningful account of original sin in a post-Darwinian context? How does Christ address our self-inflicted alienation from God? How do we appropriate Christ's salvation through faith, hope, and love, and participation in the sacramental life? On the interface of historical and constructive-systematic theology, with a pastoral concern throughout, Rik Van Nieuwenhove offers both experts and readers who are not familiar with the thought of Thomas Aquinas a unique insight into his theology – and why it matters today, not just for scholarly debates but for how we should live our lives.
After decades on the sidelines, women are now central to India's political and development agenda. Representation from Below traces this transformation away from the halls of power toward women's inclusion in local politics and their reordering of party organization. Drawing on fieldwork, survey data, and natural experiments, the book shows how women in local politics built grassroots chapters of women's party wings and recruited other women into them, expanding parties' organizational capacity to mobilize women voters. As women became electorally consequential, party elites adapted, reshaping policies and opening pathways to higher office. Challenging views that clientelist parties or patriarchal norms block women's agency, the book demonstrates how gendered constraints became sources of leverage over parties. The book expands how we understand women's political inclusion-not only as a matter of legitimacy or representation-but as a source of organizational capacity that reshapes who parties mobilize and who they ultimately serve.
Founded in 1948, the World Council of Churches (WCC) was an important voice for human rights during the establishment of the postwar liberal international order. Bastiaan Bouwman demonstrates how its Christian human rights advocacy underwent a dramatic change over the following decades, from its initial focus on religious freedom to its later emphasis on social justice. By the 1970s, the WCC had moved to the left, focusing on causes such as the struggle against white minority rule in Southern Africa, right-wing repression in Latin America and Asia, and domestic and international inequalities. Drawing on extensive archival research, Bouwman sheds much needed light on a half century of contest over the concept of human rights. He challenges the notion that the rise of human rights was either a strictly secular or liberal phenomenon and shows how the WCC's advocacy interacted with major political developments such as decolonization and the Cold War.
Attention to the body is an exciting emerging dimension of anthropological research. A collection of diverse conversations contributed by a global team of scholars, this Handbook is a state-of-the-field survey of the anthropology of the body, revealing dialogues between anthropological traditions that inform the study of the body. A focus on the body has animated subfields such as the anthropology of religion, medical anthropology, and the anthropology of performance, and rekindled interest in kinship and materiality. Chapters are organized around six central themes – flesh, motion, formation, knowledge, management, and entanglement – giving readers a holistic sense of the diverse analytical possibilities within the anthropology of the body. Showing the unique combinations that material and metaphorical aspects of the body take across different ethnographic and epistemic contexts, this Handbook is essential reading for students and scholars of social, cultural, and medical anthropology.
A disillusioned Martin Luther was losing his faith until he experienced freedom of conscience with the gospel of grace that he found from his un-authorized re-reading of the Scriptures. This experience stimulated Luther's desire to free the Christian religion from teachings that could burden the human soul. In doing so, he offered a grammar for a Christian theology that is both mystical and liberating. Kirsi Stjerna here offers a contemporary reading of Luther's vision of a religion that is guided by concerns for freedom. Her study first considers Luther's understanding of the profound tension in human experience as simultaneously broken and holy; and second, how he aimed to orient Christians to live with freedom from despair via the security found in being grounded in God. Offering a critical reading of Luther's central insights and teachings, Stjerna invites readers to engage with Luther's story and contemplate the relevance of his theology in contemporary discourse on religion.
The Arab region has suffered over a decade of extreme conflict, with significant repercussions for the development of higher education in conflict-affected countries. Yet higher education remains marginal to recovery debates in the region. This book addresses this gap through comparative analysis of five war-affected contexts: Iraq, Libya, Syria, Yemen, and Gaza. Based on extensive fieldwork and sustained policy engagement, it reveals how universities have endured protracted conflict, adapted under extreme constraints, and participated in reconstruction efforts-often with minimal external support. Challenging dominant approaches to post-conflict intervention, it foregrounds local agency, institutional adaptation, and nationally driven processes. It also documents the shift toward recognizing higher education as both a humanitarian concern and a developmental priority. This is the first study to position universities at the center of recovery discourse in conflict-affected Arab states. This is a Flip it Open title and may be available open access on Cambridge Core.