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Scholarly texts and the popular imagination often analogize the state as a person that is concrete and independent in its actions. This Leviathan, the state-as-person analogical framing, pervades our interpretations of the past. The framing is deeply misleading, both narrowing the possibilities of past governance for large-scale collectives and distorting our understanding of how important decisions were made. This book uses the assemblage approach and other related theories to develop an alternative framework that views these polities as dynamic assemblages of human and other-than-human agents brought together through ongoing projects of incorporation and coordination. Leaders try, and often fail, to shape these assemblages through their actions. Five case studies illustrate the benefits of this approach for understanding past politics—from Chaco Canyon, the Andean Wari, Shang China, Ilé-IfẹÌ in Nigeria, and ancient Athens. This is a Flip it Open title and may be available open access on Cambridge Core.
Devotional forms and practices had a shaping influence on female authorship, economies of print, and cultures of reading during the Romantic period. Mary Fairclough analyses the work of Anna Laetitia Barbauld, Mary Wollstonecraft and Mary Hays to demonstrate how these aspects of Romantic literary culture can be traced back to devotional customs. These authors, she shows, sustain the religious force of such customs, but at the same time they make them new, by appropriating devotional models to produce affective, inclusive forms of authorship, print, and reading. In doing so they harness the most up to date technologies and trends in book production and publishing, enabling innovations in literary form and genre and producing new, hybrid modes of writing. Simultaneously, they centre acts of voicing to emphasise that literary texts are catalysts for embodied practices of vocal performance and the creation of community which centres women and girls.
In Resistance and Trauma in Chronicles, David Janzen uses postcolonial and decolonial theory to argue that Chronicles was written in important part to resist and reject the ways in which Achaemenid ideology depicted the subject peoples of the Persian Empire, Judeans among them, as innately immoral and prone to violence, and thus in need of Persian rule. By contrast, Chronicles creates an identity for Judeans that portrays them as inherently moral and able to provide for their own peace and well-being. These were aspects of life that, the Achaemenids claimed, only Persians could convey to the peoples they dominated. Yet decolonial analysis also warns that indigenous worldviews cannot entirely escape the influence of imperial belief systems. As a result, Chronicles is not always successful in its decolonial portrayal of Judah. It reflects the state of a traumatized community deeply scarred by imperial ideology, an issue that Janzen explores through trauma theory as it is understood within sociology.
This practical, wide-ranging guide to teaching one of the most popular and challenging fields in US history is written by leading scholars who have extensive classroom experience. Organized around key topics and innovative teaching methods, the essays provide concrete, tested approaches, from teaching World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Iraq War to using film, wargaming, staff rides, and public-facing projects. The authors also directly address and reflect on some of the pedagogical challenges and controversies of teaching about war. The book bridges traditional military history and 'war and society' approaches to integrate the operational side of military history with broader social, cultural, and political aspects and consequences. Designed for instructors at high school and college level, as well as graduate students preparing to teach, it is an essential resource for anyone seeking to engage students more effectively with a field that remains central to understanding the United States.
Why do we add a laughing emoji when nothing's funny? Why does texting 'k' feel colder than texting 'ok'? And what does all the jargon mean in social gaming? Jenny Lederer explores how our everyday digital conversations -texts, tweets, emojis, vlogs, and dating apps-are reshaping language and social life. Far from being trivial, online talk offers a living laboratory for understanding how humans create meaning, negotiate identity, and build relationships in a connected world. Blending traditional, cognitive, and digital linguistic theory with real-world examples, App Chat invites readers to see their own digital communication in a new light. Every LOL, emoji, and ghosted text reveals something deeper about how communication works, both online and off. Playful yet rigorous, this book is perfect for students curious about language, linguistic theory, culture, and technology, as well as anyone who's ever wondered: how does the medium of communication shape the message communicated?
With contributions from a team of renowned scholars, this two-volume Handbook is a comprehensive guide to the Distributed Morphology (DM) framework, providing an overview of all major theoretical issues in morphology. This volume, the second, looks at morphology post-syntax within the Distributed Morphology (DM) framework, exploring its phonological and semantic aspects. It is divided into three parts; Parts I and II focus on morphology post-syntax, exploring its phonological and semantic aspects. Part III broadens the discussion to interfaces between morphology and other areas of linguistics and cognitive science, extending DM's reach well beyond core language components. Each chapter focuses on different theoretical issues, as well as empirical phenomena across a variety of languages. Filling a crucial gap in the domain of morphology, this volume is an essential resource for anyone who wants to understand the depth and scope of Distributed Morphology research.
In recent decades, organisations such as the African Union have developed significant intelligence capabilities. Yet, existing research on intelligence in the Global South remains limited, and African intelligence institutions are understudied, their innovations under-recognised, and their challenges under-theorised. Tunji Namaiko focuses on the Continental Early Warning System (CEWS), whose operationalisation started in 2006, arguing that this system represents the most ambitious, integrated, and wide-ranging form of multilateral intelligence cooperation in the Global South. Namaiko demonstrates that despite sovereignty concerns, African states have institutionalised intelligence cooperation in a way that links intelligence directly to conflict prevention and peacebuilding, rather than merely to foreign policy or military objectives. This study connects theory, policy, and practice, offering new insights into how intelligence functions in regional integration processes. This is a Flip it Open title and may be available open access on Cambridge Core.
With contributions from a team of renowned scholars, this two-volume Handbook is a comprehensive guide to the Distributed Morphology (DM) framework, providing an overview of all major theoretical issues in morphology. This volume, the first, covers the core components of DM, its historical context, and its foundational principles. It is divided into three parts; Part I introduces the basics of DM and compares it with alternative models, Part II delves into the core components of DM, and Part III addresses key issues for the syntax-morphology interface. Each chapter focuses on different theoretical issues, as well as empirical phenomena across a variety of languages. Filling a crucial gap in the domain of morphology, this volume is an essential resource for anyone who wants to understand the depth and scope of Distributed Morphology research.
What does 'being interdisciplinary' mean for the inquirer, the scholar who embarks on an interdisciplinary path? In a clear and engaging style, Nancy J. Nersessian and Lisa M. Osbeck present a unique and in-depth qualitative study of interdisciplinary inquiry from the perspective of those who pursue it. Drawing on original interviews with distinguished interdisciplinarians – including scientists, engineers, humanists, designers, and artists – the book offers rich insight into how interdisciplinary practice shapes and reflects the intellectual, social, emotional, and personal lives of its practitioners. The chapters highlight how such engagement transforms identities and sociocultural structures while advancing intellectual and practical aims. For researchers, educators, and administrators, the volume offers a rare, deeply human portrait of what it actually means to live an interdisciplinary academic life. It also presents participants' advice on best practices for embarking on interdisciplinary careers, along with the authors' analysis of the virtues required for effective interdisciplinary work.
George MacDonald (1824–1905) remains one of the most persistently read and beloved of the Victorians. His fairy tales and children's books have delighted generations of young readers, while his sermons, essays, and poems still offer startling insights into life and literature. He has increasingly been recognised as one of Scotland's most important nineteenth-century novelists. Here, seventeen new essays from an international, diverse group of scholars illuminate the crucial aspects of MacDonald's remarkable, varied works. The chapters are organised around MacDonald's life, major genres, and central themes, and provide clear points of entry for students, researchers, and curious readers. For readers approaching MacDonald's works for the first time and for those renewing a long acquaintance, The Cambridge Companion to George MacDonald is an indispensable guide. With a foreword by Malcom Guite and an afterword by Roderick McGillis.
In 1773 Phillis Wheatley Peters became the first person of African descent to publish a book, when she was barely twenty years old, and still enslaved. Her book made her the earliest international celebrity of African descent, just a dozen years after she had been brought from Africa to America. She became the unofficial poet laureate of the American Revolution, only to die in poverty and relative obscurity in 1784. Recent biographical discoveries related to John Peters and Phillis Wheatley's marriage to him in 1778 have led to significant reassessments of her life and character. As the Cambridge Introduction to Phillis Wheatley Peters demonstrates, she has subsequently become recognized as a pioneer of American and African American literature. Her standing as a transnational literary figure is increasingly appreciated as criticism of her writings has become more sophisticated.
This undergraduate textbook carefully introduces the fundamentals of axiomatic set theory; a rich and beautiful subject whose fundamental concepts permeate virtually every branch of mathematics. One can thus say that set theory is a foundation for mathematics. The proofs are rigorous, clear, and complete, while remaining accessible to undergraduates who are new to upper-level mathematics. Topics covered include relations, functions, the natural numbers, order, cardinality, transfinite recursion, the axiom of choice, ordinal numbers, and cardinal numbers. Exercises are given at the end of each section in a chapter. The second edition includes a new chapter on set-theoretic constructions of the integers, the rational numbers, and the real numbers; a new chapter on models of set theory. There are also new sections on the hyperreals and applications of stationary sets, club sets, and Fodor's Theorem, as well as additional explanation, examples, and figures. A solutions manual is available for instructors.
This new edition offers a timely and compelling account of how development can be reclaimed as a central purpose of international trade law. Written for scholars, students, policymakers, and practitioners, it explains why a stable rule-based trading system remains essential for economic transformation and poverty reduction. The book provides a comprehensive and accessible guide to the core rules and disciplines of WTO law, while also confronting the systemic crisis facing the World Trade Organization today—marked by dispute settlement paralysis, growing unilateralism, and the resurgence of industrial policy in developed countries that increasingly conflicts with established trade rules. By combining rigorous legal analysis with a development-centered perspective, the book highlights both the challenges and the possibilities for renewing multilateralism. It ultimately proposes realistic pathways for reform, making it an essential resource for understanding the future of the world trading system and its role in global development.
Foreign investments may play a pivotal role in promoting the sustainable development of Africa. This book charts Africa's investment law revolution through the lens of the continent's Renaissance. It provides a rigorous and critical examination of how the continent is reshaping the rules of engagement. In many respects, African States and organizations have been extremely proactive and innovative in reforming investment treaties. They have continuously sought to strike a balance between, on the one hand, the effective protection of foreign investments, both in substantive and procedural terms, and, on the other hand, the legitimate exercise by the host State of its regulatory powers. These efforts have resulted in legal instruments that now feature important provisions on environmental protection, human rights, corporate social responsibility, labour standards, and public health.
Misuses of Comparative Law in International Development examines how comparative law has been deployed by international organizations, governments, and NGOs to legitimize legal reforms that entrench inequality and reinforce power hierarchies. These reforms often align development agendas with neoliberal and authoritarian logics. The book exposes the flawed assumptions—such as convergence, efficiency, and legalism-that underpin transnational reform projects like the World Bank's indicators and the harmonization initiatives of the EU and OECD. It shows how these frameworks misrepresent local contexts and silence alternative legal traditions. Introducing a new typology of misuse-from cannibalization to epistemic impoverishment—it reveals how comparative law frequently operates as a tool of domination rather than emancipation. Bridging critique and utopia, the book re-characterizes these misuses as social constructions and reimagines comparative law as a vehicle for equitable, context-sensitive, and redistributive legal reform.
The third of three volumes, the four sections of this book cover a variety of issues important to analyzing data to produce high-quality, accurate conclusions from already-collected data. First, leading scholars from around the world provide a step-by-step guide to using several popular quantitative and qualitative statistical programs used throughout the social and behavioral sciences. The next section focused on several important considerations for preparing data for analysis. Many of these directly affect the quality of the data and the resulting conclusions, In the remainder of chapters, the various authors focus on various advanced statistical techniques. In section three, the focus is on those related to quantitative analysis. Section four then focuses on analyzing qualitative data. Throughout the book, examples and real-world research efforts from dozens of different disciplines are discussed. In addition, authors often provide example data and analytical code to facilitate learning of and application of each concept.
This book presents an accessible approach to an emerging theory of picture groups. Intended for graduate students and researchers, it explains the connections between several branches of algebra and topology, and demonstrates how they interact. It begins with foundational material on modulated quivers and their representations, cluster categories, and semi-invariants. The text then develops virtual analogues of classical results, allowing dimension vectors with negative coordinates. Finally, it defines the notion of a picture group associated to a semi-invariant picture, also introducing picture spaces which are CW-complexes constructed from semi-invariant pictures. For quivers of type $A_n$ the key theorem draws on K-theory and states that the associated picture space is a $K(G(A_n) , 1)$ connected CW-complex for the corresponding group $G(A_n)$ associated with the same quiver.
This Handbook provides the first comprehensive examination of the legal strategies around the world shaping sustainability in global value chains. Bringing together leading scholars, it maps how diverse legal disciplines (including corporate law, labour law, tax law, tort law, private law, environmental law, international law and more) conceptualise and regulate the complex architectures of cross-border production. Through a unifying analytical framework, the book reveals how fragmented regulatory approaches can complement one another, and how legal tools may address the environmental, social, and economic challenges that global production networks create and sustain. Covering jurisdictions across the globe and engaging with emerging regulatory instruments such as due diligence laws, sustainability reporting obligations, climate transition plans, and international taxation initiatives, this Handbook offers an indispensable resource for academics, policymakers, practitioners, and students concerned with responsible business conduct and sustainable development. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Moving beyond familiar discussions of ethnic conflict, this Handbook presents a bold rethinking of how language shapes identity, power, and violence. With contributions from leading scholars in linguistics, political science, and public policy, it presents global case studies alongside new analytic tools for the study of language and global politics. It introduces “language conflict” as a clearer and more useful framework-one that brings linguistic structure, institutional policy, and communicative inequality into focus. Split into four sections, chapters cover topics such as hate speech, language rights, transitional justice, education policy, and postcolonial literature, spanning contexts from Cameroon to Catalonia, and from Guatemala to Sri Lanka. Together, these chapters show how language is not simply a cultural marker, but a political force that shapes collective identities, nationalism, and resistance. It is essential reading for anyone interested in language policy, multilingual governance, and the deep entanglement of language with political life.