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Differential topology uncovers the hidden structure of smooth spaces –the foundation of modern geometry and topology. This book offers a clear, rigorous introduction to the subject, blending theory with concrete examples and applications. Beginning with the basics of manifolds and smooth maps, it develops essential tools and concepts such as tangent spaces, transversality, cobordism, and tubular neighbourhoods, before progressing to powerful invariants like the Brouwer degree, intersection numbers, and the Hopf invariant. Along the way, readers encounter landmark results including Whitney's embedding theorem, Brouwer's fixed point theorem, the Pontryagin construction, Hopf's degree theorem, and the Poincaré–Hopf index theorem. Each chapter combines intuitive explanations with precise and detailed proofs, supported by exercises and detailed solutions that deepen understanding. Ideal for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers, this text provides a gateway to one of mathematics' most elegant and influential fields – where analysis, geometry, and topology meet.
The Viceroyalty of the New Kingdom of Granada (present-day Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Western Venezuela) was one of the largest global gold producers during the late colonial period. A distinctive commerce-oriented society emerged that diverged from the silver economies of Mexico and Peru. This study examines how the crossflow of precious metals fostered monetization, productive specialization, and financial complexity across New Granada societies. It interweaves a unique, broad set of quantitative sources to analyze the direction, magnitude, and dynamics of interregional flows of precious metals, domestic staples, and global goods. Combining Social Network Analysis and innovative sources, this is one of the first attempts to provide a quantitative assessment of monetary and commodity flows in any region of the former Spanish Empire.
Landscape architects radically transformed the rural geography of post-war Britain. Through large-scale projects such as power stations, oil infrastructure and land reclamation work, pioneering practitioners turned industrial planning into a process of creating amenity landscapes for public enjoyment, presenting new possibilities for what rural development could be and who it could serve. In this first comprehensive history of landscape architecture in post-war Britain, Moa Carlsson reveals how landscape architects combined wartime mapping and camouflage techniques with garden design and ecology to produce designed industrial landscapes at a scale not previously attempted. Yet, when the government curtailed funding for industrial landscape design in the 1970s, this planning process was undone and significant friction reappeared between stakeholders. At a time when new infrastructure development is imminent, and decommissioned facilities are being demolished, Scenic Calculations explores the legacies of post-war industrial expansion in the welfare state, arguing that the end of this unique planning approach had major consequences for both local communities and the national economy.
Why are some deeply divided societies able to craft stable constitutional regimes while others have failed and continue to be mired in endless communal conflict? This puzzle constitutes the central question this book seeks to address. This book is directed at scholars who wish to understand the riddles of constitutional performance in deeply divided societies, and those who are interested in understanding Afghanistan's troubled constitutional history. By providing the most comprehensive account of the drafting and performance of Afghanistan's 2004 constitution, the book is aimed at scholars who want to understand the nuances of the process that produced the Constitution and evaluate its performance with fresh eyes. The world is full of divided, post-conflict societies which continue to witness tragic violent conflicts. This book is thus a valuable resource for policy makers who are currently grappling with how to approach thorny problems of constitutional design and nation-building in these societies.
Intellectual property (IP) rights have long faced strong legitimacy criticisms. As the vaccine debates during the COVID-19 pandemic showed, IP is often seen as a problematic asset of powerful private companies and developed economies. This book addresses these criticisms by focusing on a renewed interpretation of the TRIPS – the key international treaty for IP. By combining international law analysis and political theory, this work presents the TRIPS as the structuring agreement of the international IP regime rather than treating it as a technical trade instrument. Drawing on the ideal of freedom defined as protection against domination, the book develops a legal philosophy of the TRIPS, revisiting its foundations and proposing a renewed interpretation of its key norms. This reframing highlights how the treaty can potentially provide consistency and foreseeability in a conflict-ridden global multilateral trade system where weaker trade partners are often at a disadvantage. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Throughout Islamic history, Muslim jurists have prohibited sex between men. Yet, this prohibition was not based solely on scriptural commands. Tracing a genealogy of Muslim discourses across the first five centuries of Islam, this study situates liwāṭ within wider debates about the body, gender, morality, medicine, and religion. Sara Omar examines changing interpretations of the Lot narrative, the evolution of ḥadīth traditions, and the gradual formation of Islamic legal frameworks. Through close readings of legal, exegetical, medical, and ethical texts, the book uncovers deep disagreements over evidence, authority, culpability, and punishment, revealing a tradition marked by contestation rather than consensus. Omar engages Jewish, Christian, and Hellenic intellectual legacies to shows how early Muslims negotiated the boundaries of nature, desire, and the permissible. Accessible yet analytically rigorous, the book offers new perspectives on Islamic law, sexual ethics, and the historical roots of contemporary debates.
This Cambridge Companion offers a rich range of contexts for studying the literary histories of New Orleans. Some of the essays offer a deep focus on the significance of iconic figures such as Tennessee Williams, William Faulkner, and Kate Chopin. Other essays detail long traditions of writing not widely known beyond the city but that complicate our understanding of American literary history in new ways, as in the chapters on queer writers or Mardi Gras or the Asian presence in the city's literary imagination or how deadly nineteenth-century epidemics continue to shape the ways the world has come to read the city as a capital of Gothic horror fiction. These fresh perspectives on one of the most storied cities in the world are an essential resource for those who seek to piece together their own understanding of New Orleans as an historic and living flashpoint in the global literary imagination.
Though considered a minor novel, A Laodicean is crucial in Thomas Hardy's career, literary art, and exploration of nineteenth-century religious issues. This is the first authoritative variorum edition of the novel, featuring a full account of its history, references, sources, and literary-religious importance. It explores Hardy's interpretation of English religious culture and his engagement with the debate between Anglicanism, Catholicism, and secularism, woven not only through its treatment of Anglican-Catholic histories of place, but also through the love lives of the main characters, connected as these are with their gradual accommodation of innate secularism alongside their growing religious interest. Alongside extensive explanatory notes, an introductory essay provides new and enlightening insights into the novel's fascinating contexts and into the process of its composition, its reception, its various editions, and the novel's rich dialects and geographies.
The study of periodic partial differential equations has experienced significant growth in recent decades, driven by emerging applications in fields such as photonic crystals, metamaterials, fluid dynamics, carbon nanostructures, and topological insulators. This book provides a uniquely comprehensive overview for mathematicians, physicists, and material scientists engaged in the analysis and construction of periodic media. It describes all the mathematical objects, tools, problems, and techniques involved. Topics covered are central for areas such as spectral theory of PDEs, homogenization, condensed matter physics and optics. Although it is not a textbook, some basic proofs, background material, and references to an extensive bibliography providing pointers to the wider literature are included to allow graduate students to access the content.
This is an exploration of how the spatial dimension of the Aeneid is enriched by history, memory, and prophecy. As the travel of Aeneas moves on through the Mediterranean, space is turning into place, and place is turning into a Romanized map of the world. Alessandro Barchiesi brings to bear on the poetry of Virgil issues that are central to historical studies, such as colonization, imperialism, exile, conquest, diaspora, ethnicity, and deportation. He clarifies a number of connections between space, geography, and historical memory, revealing the significance of landscapes and seascapes in the light of a poetics of empire. He further investigates the political significance of contact zones, the recurring role of cult and religion, and the function of intertextuality in the construction of space. The book encourages dialogue between ancient studies and ecocriticism and provides a case study of how poetry interacts with Roman ideologies of empire.
Trading emporia emerged in Northern Europe in the Early Middle Ages and were the first coin-based markets and urban settlements in this region. In this study, Søren Sindbæk proposes a new account of the origins of these trading centres by tracing their role in hosting strangers. Sindbæk proposes that 'weak' social ties is a widely overlooked middle ground in pre-modern societies that bridge the gap between 'strong' family ties and formal institutions. By adapting cultural norms, networks, and institutions, it was possible to combine a high level of trust within an open form of society. Emporia developed when the ancient conventions of hosting and guest-friendship became insufficient to accommodate the growing connections between peoples brought together through seafaring. Sindbaek demonstrates that the history of emporia is closely linked to the expansion of maritime trade, colonization, piracy, and warfare - the basis for what we know today as the Viking Age.
Revisiting the Romantic period as one of revolution, abolitionism, and mass print, Emily Wing Rohrbach explores the bound book's political force across literary genres. Innovative readings illuminate interplays of meaning between poetics and material format, showing how Romantics thought carefully, and sometimes anxiously, about the material forms in which their words would circulate. They understood the book's capacity to expose the cultural status quo as a product of choice and chance. Rohrbach puts conventionally 'Romantic' authors, such as Keats and Landon, in conversation with early Black Atlantic authors from the perspective of book history for the first time. She thus reveals an association between a politics of social equality and the book as a reading technology that is visible, however unevenly, across these authors' works. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available open access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
This book explores Russia's 100-year history of institutional experiments with legal forms, incentives, and organizational structures in search of an optimal system of knowledge production and diffusion. How was the Soviet Union able to industrialize in the absence of intellectual property, while Russia fails to re-industrialize despite adopting strong intellectual property rights that are presumed to be better suited to promoting innovation? What happened to Russia after it introduced the globalized rules of intellectual property? Informed by interviews with key players in the Russian innovation system and case studies in biopharmaceutical and information technology industries, the book exposes the informal side of the institution of intellectual property in Russia. The study reveals that the Russian case is not simply a story of institutional decline; it is also a story of how a new informal system is evolving in which new networks are steering Russia's approach to innovation.
An essential, accessible introduction to Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) for reducing self-harm, suicidal behaviours, and other major problems associated with emotional dysregulation. It breaks the treatment down into user-friendly steps for novice clinicians while refreshing knowledge for more experienced practitioners. Covering all modes of DBT, chapters also span case formulation, recent research, the DBT suicide crisis protocol, case studies, running standalone DBT skills training, and implementing a DBT programme. Authored by accredited DBT therapists and supervisors who are all senior members of the British Isles DBT National Training Team which has seeded 650+ DBT teams in the UK and across Europe since 1997, this practical textbook is packed with rich, everyday clinical examples and useful ideas for practice. Part of the Cambridge Guides to the Psychological Therapies series, offering all the latest scientifically rigorous, and practical information on a range of key, evidence-based psychological interventions for clinicians.
Forgotten Hills is a book about lost geographies. It is about how the subordination of mountainous Tibet to lowland China meant the erasure of the hills between, and how the legal, environmental, and social transformations of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries hardened boundaries between Tibetan, Chinese, and Muslim peoples, obscuring the histories and practices that had bound hill folk together for generations. Wesley B. Chaney tells the story of this transformation by exploring small communities on the ferociously complex “mid-slope”—the hills along the northeastern edges of the Tibetan Plateau. Drawing from legal cases, genealogies, and Tibetan-language histories, Forgotten Hills illustrates how disputes over traditional landholding regimes erupted into violent conflict over resources and ethnic and religious identity. The ethno-politics that define modern China, this book reveals, arose from the legal disputes and everyday politics of the now forgotten hills.
In the wake of wars and revolutions, fragile societies increasingly turn to interim constitutions to enact their visions for a brighter future. With more than 150 interim constitutions enacted globally since 1789, an understanding is needed of these legal instruments and how well they perform. As the first major comparative study, Interim Constitutions: Legal Nature and Performance fills this void. This authoritative guide for practitioners and scholars addresses how interim constitutions compare to other constitutional reform options, when they are used and why, their functions, drafting processes and main design features, negotiation challenges, and the benefits they yield – including whether they lead to final (non-interim) constitutions, as well as greater peace and democracy. Dozens of hypotheses in the state of the art on achieving successful transitions are tested and disrupted, leading to novel and useful insights for improving future practice. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
We are living through an era of unprecedented data-driven regulatory transformation. AI and algorithmic governance are rapidly altering how global problems are known and governed, and reconfiguring how people, places, and things are drawn into legal relation across diverse areas - from labour, media and communications, and global mobilities to environmental governance, security, and war. These changes are fostering new forms of power, inequality, and violence, and posing urgent conceptual and methodological challenges for law and technology research. Global Governance by Data: Infrastructures of Algorithmic Rule brings together leading interdisciplinary scholars working at the forefront of creative thinking and research practice in this area. The book offers fresh takes on the prospects for working collectively to critique and renew those legal and technological infrastructures that order, divide, empower and immiserate across our data-driven world. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Can interviews or a focus group improve the causal inferences drawn from experiments? Can quantitative text analysis help develop workflows as a qualitative scholar? Can we learn from a single case in a way that helps us with a statistical model? There is much to learn from the careful use of all these methodological combinations. The Practice of Multi-Method Research is aimed at practical researchers: from undergraduates preparing for an honors thesis, to graduate students designing a dissertation, through to seasoned scholars considering a new approach for their next set of studies. It offers a hands-on, practical guide to combining research across various methodological traditions: qualitative, machine learning, and quantitative approaches to concepts and measurement, adding quantitative and data-science components to process-tracing designs and to qualitative case studies in general, how qualitative research can strengthen regression-type designs, and how to mix qualitative elements with experiments..
Offering new readings on language and civil conflict in a variety of Ancient Greek and Roman texts, this study puts these reflections from the classical world in dialogue with contemporary philosophy and political theory. Daniel Sutton focuses on Thucydides, Plato, Sallust, and Tacitus, exploring the ways in which the figure of paradiastole (often termed 'rhetorical redescription') was deployed to explain the conflicts of value which underpinned civil strife. These texts paint vivid pictures of what happens to language during civil discord: pictures which seem increasingly familiar today. Simultaneously, they grapple deeply with what it means to search for timeless values in times of conflict. This study demonstrates how ancient texts can offer us new ways of understanding the role of language in civil discord, of restoring political dialogue in fractious times, and of approaching intellectual history itself.
Beyond the War reconstructs the often-overlooked history of the Falkland Islands before the 1982 conflict. Drawing on impressions of Argentine travelers and the island community, as well as British and Argentine diplomacy and politics, it reveals a world of mutual suspicions and tensions, but also of exchanges and collaborations, challenging the notion that war was inevitable. The book situates the islands within the broader history of the British Empire's reconfiguration during the UN-driven decolonization era, showing how global changes resonated in this remote setting. It examines decisive episodes, from the unprecedented period opened by the 1971 Communications Agreement to the influence of Argentine popular music, while analyzing competing Argentine nationalisms that shaped an “emotional community” around the islands. Based on new and little-explored sources, it offers a fresh perspective on evolving relations between islanders and Argentines, as well as postwar transformations that continue to shape the islands' identity today.