Carbonaceous (CC) and noncarbonaceous (NC) materials have nonoverlapping isotopic compositional ranges. The CC groups include all carbonaceous chondrites, Eagle Station pallasites, and several groups of iron meteorites (IIC, IID, IIF, IIIF, IVB); they likely formed in the Outer Solar System. The NC groups include ordinary, enstatite and R chondrites, Howardites-Eucrites-Diogenites (HEDs), ureilites, angrites, lunar meteorites, martian meteorites, main-group pallasites, the Earth, and the remaining iron groups (IAB, IC, IIAB, IIE, IIIAB, IIIE, IVA); they probably formed in the Inner Solar System. Proto-Jupiter may have accreted rapidly and functioned as a barrier, hindering the radial drift of carbonaceous-chondrite-related materials toward the Inner Solar System, preserving the isotopic dichotomy.

Chapter 1 introduces the book’s central questions: Why have labor activists in Europe turned to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) to claim trade union rights, and what impact does this international litigation have on labor movements? While organized labor has historically relied on collective action rather than courts, this chapter situates that shift within broader transformations, including the erosion of union power under neoliberalism and the expanding authority of international courts. Yet the limited reforms states often undertake in response to ECtHR rulings rarely meet activists’ expectations. To explain how international litigation became a resource for workers, the chapter introduces the concept of strategic mobilization of human rights: an instrumental approach in which activists deploy human rights law to pursue concrete goals without necessarily embracing its ideals. Even pending or unsuccessful cases can catalyze social movements and shift political dynamics. The chapter also outlines the book’s methodological approach, which combines an original database of ECtHR labor rulings (StrasLab) with fieldwork on labor movements in Turkey and the UK. Situating the book’s contribution to debates on legal mobilization, labor revitalization, and international courts, it argues that the transformative potential of human rights courts ultimately depends on mobilization from below.

Tiny presolar grains include C polymorphs, carbides, nitrides, oxides, silicates, metallic Fe-Ni, and organic compounds. Rare CAIs and AOAs contain refractory oxides and silicates. Major phases in type-3 OC include olivine and low-Ca pyroxene with variable FeO/(FeO+MgO), metallic Fe-Ni, troilite, and nearly exclusively within chondrules, crystallites of Ca-pyroxene, rare pigeonite, and tiny grains of merrillite. Whole-rock thermal metamorphism produced secondary phases: orthopyroxene, diopside, chromite, ilmenite, rutile, phosphate, and plagioclase. Diffusion facilitated by metamorphism causes increasing compositional homogeneity in olivine and pyroxene. Some minerals and mineraloids are formed at high shock pressure. These include lingunite and maskelynite from plagioclase; ahrensite, asimowite, poirierite, ringwoodite, and wadsleyite from olivine; akimotoite, bridgmanite, hemleyite, hiroseite, and majorite from orthopyroxene; chenmingite and xieite from chromite; tuite from merrillite; wangdaodeite from ilmenite; and TiO2-II from rutile. Parent-body aqueous alteration produced phyllosilicates, Ni-rich sulfides, Ni-rich metal phases, carbides, oxides, and small calcite crystals.

Chapter 3 examines capitalism’s core principles through a three-way comparative analysis of American capitalism, Nordic capitalism, and Soviet socialism. It establishes capitalism’s defining features – private ownership and market mechanisms – while revealing crucial variations in how different societies implement these principles. The chapter introduces the distinction between oligarchic and democratic capitalism, highlighting how power distribution shapes market outcomes. Through detailed examination of property rights, labor markets, and price mechanisms, it demonstrates how Nordic and American capitalism differ despite sharing fundamental market principles. The chapter concludes by exploring sustainable capitalism’s dependence on democratic institutions, arguing that well-functioning democracy is essential for markets to serve broader societal interests. This analysis sets up the book’s central argument that Nordic-style democratic capitalism offers valuable lessons for realizing sustainable capitalism.

Into the twentieth century, a tradition of domestic fiction communicated that Irish Catholic women must endure hardship, consoled by faith. Mary Anne Sadlier’s fiction propagates this lesson within an Irish diasporic readership. Yet anti-Catholic novels offered contrary narratives of gratuitous cruelty in Catholic life, as in works by Maria Monk and Rebecca Theresa Reed. In anti-Catholic lecture tours organised by Protestant activists, speakers such as former nun Edith O’Gorman alleged a humiliating convent life to which the Church lured girls with promises of peaceful devotion. Catholic responses attempted to silence O’Gorman, discounting her claims with suggestions of emotionalism and inconsistency. Like O’Gorman’s work, accounts of other ‘escaped nuns’ tended to be either instrumentalised or ridiculed by commentators in ways that overlooked the substance of the women’s claims.

Sound and hearing play a crucial role in the conceptualisation and perception of divine entities, cultic places, and ritual processes. Sound phenomena can evoke religious experiences, structure ritual communication and stimulate desired emotional responses, whilst exposure to certain resonance frequencies can affect the human body, thereby influencing one’s perceptions and states of consciousness. This essay analyses the Dodonean soundscape, exploring the potential affect of the various sonic experiences in relation to the process of consultation. In addition to the diverse sensory input from the natural environment, which in the case of Dodona is crucial, as it can be surmised from the traditional accounts of the oracular oak, special consideration is given to the chalkeion of Dodona, a remarkable sonic installation that offered one of the most unusual auditory experiences to the pilgrims. Based on the symbolic and sound properties of the chalkeion, it is possible to suggest that the soundscape at Dodona invited a form of ecstasy or meditation, with the potential to alter the focus of attention and consciousness, thus allowing for new forms of knowledge to become available.

Scholars have noted that many of the surviving tablets from Dodona pose agriculturally related questions of a general manner. My essay suggests this is because agricultural resources were religiously framed in the ancient Greek world. In this context, I argue that oracles functioned as sites where material practices of daily life could be negotiated with the gods in a ritual as well as communal context. Oracles, in other words, presented a way of communicating with the natural world. On the other hand, they were also places where the individual could present himself (or herself) in relation to this world: how he or she depended on its fruits for survival; but also how he (or she) could make or remake the resources it had to offer so that it would flourish. As I want to show, this particular interrelationship between agricultural labour and oracular consultation relied as much on the performative act of enquiry as it did on practical knowledge. In order to illustrate these interconnections, the essay draws on recent trends in environmental history and in resilience studies. It will reconsider the ancient evidence of the Zeus Oracle at Dodona in light of these approaches.

Chinese Daoism contains unexpected affinities with Irish spirituality. The identifications with nature in the Song of Amergin and ‘St Patrick’s Breastplate’ are comparable to principles that pervade works by Laozi and Zhuiangzi. Oscar Wilde, the first major Irish writer to read a Daoist text, was drawn to the concept of wuwei, which to Wilde was a mischievous commitment to inaction. Yeats’s work indicates wider reading on translated Daoist texts, and it is probably from Yeats (if not direct influence) that Daoist parallels occur in such canonical Irish texts as Finnegans Wake and Waiting for Godot. More recent writers Michael Hartnett and Thomas Kinsella turn their reading of Daoism back to the ancient Irish connection to nature.