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2102570 results in Journals

Page 592 of 105129

  • On the role of moderate Prandtl numbers in vertical natural convection

  • Junhao Ke, Atsuki Komiya, Steven W. Armfield, Nicholas John Williamson
  • Journal:
    Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 1029 / 25 February 2026
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 February 2026, A37
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  • Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of temporally developing natural convection boundary layers is conducted at $ \textit{Pr} =4.16$ and $ \textit{Pr} =6$. Results are compared with an existing DNS dataset for $ \textit{Pr} =0.71$ (Ke et al. J. Fluid Mech. 964, 2023, p. A24) to enable a direct assessment of Prandtl number effects across the range $0.71\leqslant \textit{Pr} \leqslant 6$. The analysis reveals that the $ \textit{Pr}$ affects the flow through buoyancy forcing, which acts not only as the driving force but also modulates the local shear distribution via coupling with the momentum equation, thereby shifting the onset Rayleigh number of transition from the laminar regime. This transition is found to be characterised by the thermal boundary layer thickness $\delta _\theta$, which provides a robust prediction of the critical Rayleigh number across $ \textit{Pr}$, indicating a buoyancy instability consistent with the stability analysis (Ke et al. J. Fluid Mech. 988, 2024, p. A44; Ke et al. Intl J. Heat Mass Transfer 241, 2025, p. 126670). Further analysis in the turbulent regime suggests that while heat transfer becomes effectively independent of $ \textit{Pr}$, the near-wall turbulence structure remains sensitive to $ \textit{Pr}$ due to persistent buoyancy effects. The skin friction coefficient scaling shows clear transition from a linear scaling with the bulk Reynolds number in the weakly turbulent regime to a log-law-type scaling with the bulk Reynolds number in the ultimate turbulent regime (Grossmann & Lohse J. Fluid Mech. 407, 2000, pp. 27–56). The premultiplied velocity spectra confirms the development of near-wall streaks that are characteristic of canonical shear-driven turbulence in this ultimate turbulent regime, with their spanwise spacing systematically broadening with increasing $ \textit{Pr}$ due to persistent buoyancy effects; while the spectral signature of the outer plume-like region appears largely $ \textit{Pr}$-independent.

  • Spatiotemporal patterns of existence and extinction for woolly mammoth in Siberia in the last 50,000 years

  • Yaroslav Kuzmin, Nikolai N. Dobretsov, Viktoria A. Lyamina
  • Journal:
    Radiocarbon , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 February 2026, pp. 1-9

  • A database of ca. 970 radiocarbon dates on bones, teeth, and tusks of the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius Blum.) from Siberia was created in order to understand the spatiotemporal distribution of this species over the last 50,000 14C years (BP). Mammoths populated all parts of Siberia until ca. 12,000 BP. After that, a few refugia exited south of ca. 60°N at ca. 10,600–12,000 BP, and in the northern part of mainland Siberia mammoths survived until ca. 9700 BP. At ca. 9500–3700 BP, they existed only in today’s insular regions such as the New Siberian Islands and Wrangel Island in the High Arctic. The relationship between the dynamics of mammoth populations and climatic fluctuations is complicated. In the warmer intervals (interstadials), the number of mammoths in Siberia was generally slightly larger than in the colder times (stadials); however, the difference is often not significant. The connection between the dynamics of mammoth populations and climatic fluctuations in Siberia is therefore complicated and non-linear.

  • A coarticulatory path to sound change

  • Patrice Speeter Beddor
  • Journal:
    Language / Volume 85 / Issue 4 / December 2009
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 February 2026, pp. 785-821

  • Although coarticulatory variation is largely systematic, and serves as useful information for listeners, such variation is nonetheless linked to sound change. This article explores the articulatory and perceptual interactions between a coarticulatory source and its effects, and how these interactions likely contribute to change. The focus is on the historical change VN (phonetically, ṼN) > Ṽ, but with more general attention to how a gesture associated with a source segment comes to be reinterpreted as distinctively, rather than coarticulatorily, associated with a nearby vowel or consonant. Two synchronic factors are hypothesized to contribute to reinterpretation: (i) articulatory covariation between the duration of the coarticulatory source (here, N) and the temporal extent of its effects (Ṽ), and (ii) perceived equivalence between source and effect. Experimental support for both hypotheses is provided. Additionally, the experimental data are linked to the historical situation by showing that the contextual conditions that trigger (i) and (ii) parallel the conditions that historically influence phonologization of vowel nasalization.

Page 592 of 105129