Preference for functional and nutritious food capable of meeting consumers' demand and health is on the increase. The present preliminary study seeks to assess physico-chemical and nutraceutical diversity in the cocoa bean powder of 77 genotypes present in four Nigerian cocoa field banks. Twenty ripe pods/genotypes in each of the four active breeding field banks at the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN), Ibadan, Nigeria were utilized. Composite beans from the 20 pods of each genotype were singly fermented, sun-dried and milled. Duplicate samples of the powder of each genotype were analysed for physico-chemical and nutraceutical components. Twenty-one polymorphic variables distinguished the 77 cocoa genotypes. Grouping by dendogram identified four clusters, three differently and uniquely captured 100% of the genotype membership in the local clone, international clone and the regional varieties field bank but 86% of the genotypes in the hybrid trial field bank were grouped in cluster I. Prominent traits with highest values in each clusters were: protein, pH, Ca, K and Fe (Cluster I), Zn and Mg (Cluster II), crude fat and P (Cluster III) and crude fibre, ash, theobromine, flavonoids and caffeine (Cluster IV). Exploitable diversity for nutritional quality improvement is present in the active breeding and working collections of Nigerian cocoa field banks.

We study the local convergence of critical Galton–Watson trees under various conditionings. We give a sufficient condition, which serves to cover all previous known results, for the convergence in distribution of a conditioned Galton–Watson tree to Kesten’s tree. We also propose a new proof to give the limit in distribution of a critical Galton–Watson tree, with finite support, conditioned on having a large width.

Learning finite automata (termed as model learning) has become an important field in machine learning and has been useful realistic applications. Quantum finite automata (QFA) are simple models of quantum computers with finite memory. Due to their simplicity, QFA have well physical realizability, but one-way QFA still have essential advantages over classical finite automata with regard to state complexity (two-way QFA are more powerful than classical finite automata in computation ability as well). As a different problem in quantum learning theory and quantum machine learning, in this paper, our purpose is to initiate the study of learning QFA with queries (naturally it may be termed as quantum model learning), and the main results are regarding learning two basic one-way QFA (1QFA): (1) we propose a learning algorithm for measure-once 1QFA (MO-1QFA) with query complexity of polynomial time and (2) we propose a learning algorithm for measure-many 1QFA (MM-1QFA) with query complexity of polynomial time, as well.

While Kant’s position concerning human freedom and divine foreknowledge is perhaps the least Molinist element of his multifaceted take on free will, Kant’s Molinism (minimally defined) is undeniable when it comes to the threat ensuing from the idea of creation. In line with incompatibilism and with careful qualifications in place, he ultimately suggests regarding free agents as uncreated. Given the limitations of our rational insight, this assumption is indispensable for granting that finite free agents can acquire their intelligible characters by themselves. Nonetheless, Kant concedes that creation may, as a matter of fact, be compatible with what for Molina is the pre-volitionality of the counterfactuals of freedom.

Far from being limited to denunciations of modernity, nineteenth-century Catholic thought had a programmatic and visionary side. This article deals with the models of community put forward by Lamennais in L'Avenir, Antonio Rosmini, Luigi Taparelli d'Azeglio, and Wilhelm Ketteler. These writers reimagined the foundations of public life against the claims of self-interested individualism and state omnipotence. Three theses in particular capture their vision of the future polity: 1) societies, which were not “mechanisms,” needed Catholicism as animating spirit; 2) political representation should be “organic”; and 3) whereas the liberal elites imposed their vested interests on the common people, the Catholic polity reflected their needs and beliefs. The four writers envisaged a community of the gentle and caring, which, like the family, was hierarchical, self-governed, local, and supportive. In contrast, it was argued that the people had no voice under liberalism because the elite's values were not the people's and because the political system was a mere arena for the clash of special interests. This was a communitarian and populist Catholicism, prizing self-government, denouncing parliamentary politics, and siding with “the people.”

The application of integrative taxonomic approaches is useful to species delineation based on a combination of distinct types of characters, here morphological features and ribosomal DNA sequences. In this study, we surveyed ectoparasitic nematodes of the subfamily Merliniinae in cultivated and natural environments in Iran. Results of morphological and morphometrical studies, light and scanning electron microscopic observations, and molecular analyses allowed us the identification of fourteen known and one unknown species including representatives of the genera Amplimerlinius (five species), Geocenamus (one species), Merlinius (three species), Nagelus (two species), Paramerlinius (one species), Scutylenchus (two species), and Telomerlinius (one species). The unknown species, Scutylenchus sp., characterized by having 35–50 incisures at mid-body; lateral field with 6 longitudinal incisures; lip region slightly offset by a constriction, flattened at front end; bearing 5–7 annuli; cephalic framework not refractive; stylet robust, 18.3–27 μm long; post anal intestinal sac absent; tail elongate conical, dorsally convex, with 24 (19–28) annuli in ventral side, ending to a smooth terminus and males common; spicules 24.5–31 μm long. The phylogenetic analyses were carried out using molecular data from nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes viz. D2–D3 expansion segments of the large ribosomal subunit (28S rRNA), partial small ribosomal subunit (18S rRNA), and internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The molecular variability of D2–D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA and partial 18S rRNA was low in this family in comparison to the ITS region, which could be a more helpful molecular marker in species and genus identification.

Coronary cameral fistula is a rare congenital anomaly and clinical presentation depends on the location of the defect, degree of shunting, and associated complications. We present a case of coronary cameral fistula where segmental analysis by echocardiogram helped us to avoid misdiagnosis as a ventricular septal defect.

This research work presents an implantable antenna that operates at 5.8 GHz. By using a radiator with a loop-based design, the antenna can be made smaller. Radiator is made up of three connected rectangular loops. On the substrate’s back side, an I-shaped ground plane is used. As substrate and superstrate, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with dimensions of 7 mm × 5 mm × 0.3 mm is used. The conducting sections are made using copper foil that is 30 µm thick. The suggested antenna is examined by the implantable medical device using realistic human scalp phantom models and a homogenous skin box. Simulated study revealed that it operates around 5.8 GHz with a bandwidth from 5.69 to 5.92 GHz. The specific absorption rate was 0.28 and 0.26 W/kg for skin box and human scalp phantoms, respectively, at 1 mW input power across 1 g volume tissue.

In recent years, Western governments have invoked the values of universal human rights to justify large-scale military operations. Critical theorists have often responded that these campaigns serve not to promote peace, stability, or prosperity, but to entrench Western economic and political power, often in ways that have been devastating for local populations. However, Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine casts doubt on whether assumptions about Western dominance will continue to furnish adequate accounts of global armed conflict. Critical theorists base many of their views on what is sometimes called ‘memory politics’, meaning that they cite histories of Western militarism, colonialism, racism and economic exploitation as backdrops to current policies. In this article it is argued that they will only be able to explain a conflict like the Ukraine war with credibility by incorporating into their memory politics the left’s own histories of supporting autocratic regimes.

An ultra-wideband (UWB) and compact-size four-port multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna with a footprint of 34 mm × 34 mm fed by an asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS) is investigated. The proposed antenna is composed of four orthogonally placed identical modified elliptical-shaped radiators and achieves an impedance bandwidth of 3.4–12.2 GHz. By etching two inverted L-shaped slots in the radiator element, WLAN band and X-band are rejected in the operating communication range. Because of the usage of a meander line decoupler, the isolation enhancement at the 8–12 GHz band is achieved and the isolation is more than 18 dB for most of the UWB range. The performance of the proposed antenna is studied in terms of isolation between each port, radiation pattern, current distribution, gain, envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, and total active reflection coefficient. The compact size and reduced complexity make the proposed design highly suitable for portable devices.