It is sometimes desirable in choiceless constructions of set theory that one iteratively extends some ground model without adding new sets of ordinals after the first extension. Pushing this further, one may wish to have models $V\subseteq M\subseteq N$ of ${\mathsf {ZF}}$ such that N contains no subsets of V that do not already appear in M. We isolate, in the case that M and N are symmetric extensions (particular inner models of a generic extension of V), the exact conditions that cause this behaviour and show how it can broadly be applied to many known constructions. We call this behaviour upwards homogeneity.

We present a synthesis of marine soft sediment macrofaunal communities from the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica, spanning historical data (1978–1982) and recent surveys from 47 locations (2010–2021). We examined relationships between environmental conditions, such as sediment properties and sea-ice duration, and community structure and biodiversity. Macrofaunal biodiversity was high, with 148 taxa identified in recent surveys. Community composition varied significantly between locations, influenced primarily by sediment grain size. Sediments ranged from mud to coarse sands, with organic content varying from < 1% to 15%, and locations were classified into four sediment categories: muds, very fine sands, fine sands and medium/coarse sands. Significant differences in community structure were found between sediments groups, but the considerable variability within groups suggests additional influences from factors such as sea ice, depth and stochastic processes. Crustaceans, including amphipods, ostracods and tanaids, dominated communities across all locations. Macrofaunal abundance was highest in muds and very fine sands and declined significantly in coarser sediments. Species-level abundance patterns showed high heterogeneity, with some trends linked to sediment grain size. Areas with abundant large sessile epifauna were associated with higher sediment biodiversity. This study highlights the complexity of environmental factors shaping macrofaunal communities in Antarctic coastal ecosystems.

Although compulsory insurance mitigates the negative externalities caused by uninsured individuals, it raises the issue of insurance crowding out prevention. However, at the theoretical level, compulsory insurance and self-insurance (preventive investments dedicated to loss reduction) are know to be substitutes for risk averters but complements for risk lovers. This paper aims to empirically test these opposite predictions through a laboratory experiment using a model-based design. Our experimental results confirm the theoretical predictions: compulsory insurance and self-insurance are complements for risk lovers and substitutes for risk averters. This study strongly supports public policies advocating mandatory insurance implementation as they enhance risk lovers’ self-insurance investments. Therefore, a risk management scheme combining voluntary top-up and compulsory partial insurance guarantees an optimal risk allocation for risk-averters and increases the investments in self-insurance for risk-lovers.

This article provides a narrative overview of the development of women’s mental health services in Qatar. The country has made notable advancements, driven by progressive health policies and a focus on gender-sensitive care. Key initiatives include the development of specialised services, the integration of mental health into primary care and the implementation of targeted training programmes for healthcare professionals. The establishment of a fellowship programme in women’s mental health and the incorporation of gender considerations into national clinical practice guidelines further underscore the country’s commitment. Addressing remaining gaps through innovation, inclusivity and collaboration will be vital to ensuring comprehensive mental healthcare for all women.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) was seemingly everywhere by the end of 2024, and the 2024 US presidential election was the first American national election to be conducted wholly in an AI era. Nevertheless, relatively little is known about how effectively generative AI contributes to learning about politics. This study explores that question in the context of research on subnational US politics. Based on a novel methodology that combines the analysis of AI-generated profiles on several US states with interviews with state-level experts, this article identifies and analyses a prevalent national bias in the state-level content produced by generative AI. This bias is both a consequence of and a contributor to the problem of the nationalization of American politics, which itself undermines the principles of federalism that undergird Madisonian democracy in the United States.

This article details the efforts made to map a project that commemorates the network of women and their collaborators who played a major role in shaping the post-war designed landscapes of the British Welfare State. It argues that despite the value attached to some parks and green spaces created in the twentieth century, many more have been overlooked and remain “unseen,” regardless of what we now know about their health and well-being benefits following the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, the role of an online open-access archive is explored as an innovative tool of public inquiry, in which the complexity of both archives and the passage of time are explored. The Women of the Welfare Landscape Historypin site was not solely focused on landscape architects and landscape architecture but also sought to communicate the perspectives of the communities that inhabit, work in, or recreate in landscapes that these pioneers developed. Through a contextualisation of the role of digital open-access mapping and archiving, along with local and social history, the project demonstrates the utility and opportunity of using an online and publicly accessible archive to show the humanities at work in public life.

This article seeks to detail what Israel owes the people who live in the Gaza Strip with respect to water. It also highlights the opportunity for Israeli security presented by the provision of reliable water resources and infrastructure to the Gaza Strip. I argue that continued provision of water is required by both international law and ethics; additionally, it is the most prudent policy choice. This was true before the terrorist attacks of 7 October 2023, during the armed conflict that followed, and will be true after the armed conflict ends. It also asserts that Israel’s actions that damage the water infrastructure of the Gaza Strip are legally restricted. Further, it is in Israel’s interest to build a sustainable water solution for the people of the Gaza Strip. Once that self-interest is realised and internalised, the demands of law and ethics may become politically possible as well. Realising that self-interest requires overcoming the powerful dehumanising discourse that is currently dominating ‘pro-Israel’ and ‘pro-Palestine’ communities, humanising action (such as the provision of water security) is the best way to overcome such dehumanising narratives.