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73229 results in Open Access

Page 128 of 3662

  • The impact of the British Civil Wars on the meanings and uses of the urban topography of Colchester in the long nineteenth century

  • Michael Sewell
  • Journal:
    Urban History / Volume 52 / Issue 2 / May 2025
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 February 2024, pp. 246-263
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  • Although many towns repaired, restored or destroyed the ruins of Civil War sieges, there are a number of towns, villages and hamlets which still clearly bear marks of the conflict. By focusing on Colchester, this article will highlight how sites affected by the wars remained and survived in the local consciousness throughout the following centuries. This article traces the uses of such sites in the urban landscape in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to assess the long-term impact of the war on towns in the British Isles. By examining Colchester in 1648, the article will show how political parties, parishes, tourists and businesses all derived value from the sites of the siege centuries after it had ended.

  • JBR volume 62 issue 4 Cover and Back matter

  • Journal:
    Journal of British Studies / Volume 62 / Issue 4 / October 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 February 2024, pp. b1-b2
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  • JBR volume 62 issue 4 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    Journal of British Studies / Volume 62 / Issue 4 / October 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 February 2024, pp. f1-f8
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  • Private Military and Security Companies as a Legacy of War: Lessons Learned From the Former Yugoslavia

  • Jelena Aparac
  • Journal:
    Business and Human Rights Journal / Volume 9 / Issue 1 / February 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 February 2024, pp. 77-102
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  • The war in the former Yugoslavia produced many highly trained and experienced combatants, some of whom engaged not only in a variety of organized criminal activities such as the illicit trade of natural resources, trafficking and corruption, but also war crimes. In the post-war environment various criminal groups took advantage of post-conflict transition conditions which enabled them to be transformed into legitimate legal entities. The failure to investigate and hold to account those involved in criminal activity meant that demobilized soldiers turned to highly profitable, legally constituted private military and security companies (PMSCs). This is coupled with poorly designed security sector reforms that often fail to enhance effective and accountable security that is respectful of human rights. In recent years, similar transformations of many former combatants and criminal groups into legitimate PMSCs around the globe have raised new concerns about their growing activities across different sectors. This article uses the former Yugoslavia as an example from which to highlight some of the increasingly common problems posed by the creation of private military and security providers globally, as a result of the current uncoordinated processes to prevent armed conflicts. The article reflects on the need to avoid smart sanctions and use other foreign policy tools, while calling for an integrated approach to security sector reform and transitional justice that is necessary for sustainable peace.

Page 128 of 3662