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38504 results in Cambridge Textbooks

Page 1127 of 1926

  • 7 - International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965

  • from Part I - Treaties and Associated Documents Adopted under the Auspices of or Relating to the League of Nations and United Nations
  • Edited by Urfan Khaliq, Cardiff University
  • Book:
    International Human Rights Law Documents
    Published online:
    12 December 2018
    Print publication:
    25 October 2018, pp 34-44

  • Summary

    Note: adopted by General Assembly Resolution 2106 (XX) 21 December 1965, Annex, 20 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 14) at 47, U.N. Doc. A/6014 (1966), 660 UNTS 195. Entry into force: 4 January 1969.

    The States Parties to this Convention,

    Considering that the Charter of the United Nations is based on the principles of the dignity and equality inherent in all human beings, and that all Member States have pledged themselves to take joint and separate action, in co-operation with the Organization, for the achievement of one of the purposes of the United Nations which is to promote and encourage universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion,

    Considering that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaims that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and that everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set out therein, without distinction of any kind, in particular as to race, colour or national origin,

    Considering that all human beings are equal before the law and are entitled to equal protection of the law against any discrimination and against any incitement to discrimination,

    Considering that the United Nations has condemned colonialism and all practices of segregation and discrimination associated therewith, in whatever form and wherever they exist, and that the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples of 14 December 1960 (General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV)) has affirmed and solemnly proclaimed the necessity of bringing them to a speedy and unconditional end,

    Considering that the United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination of 20 November 1963 (General Assembly resolution 1904 (XVIII)) solemnly affirms the necessity of speedily eliminating racial discrimination throughout the world in all its forms and manifestations and of securing understanding of and respect for the dignity of the human person,

    Convinced that any doctrine of superiority based on racial differentiation is scientifically false, morally condemnable, socially unjust and dangerous, and that there is no justification for racial discrimination, in theory or in practice, anywhere,

  • 28 - Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948

  • from Part II - Declarations, Standard Setting and other Relevant Documents Adopted under the Auspices of the United Nations Relating Directly to Human Rights Issues
  • Edited by Urfan Khaliq, Cardiff University
  • Book:
    International Human Rights Law Documents
    Published online:
    12 December 2018
    Print publication:
    25 October 2018, pp 266-271

  • Summary

    Note: Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted on 10 December 1948 by General Assembly Resolution 217A (III), U.N. Doc A/810 at 71 (1948).

    PREAMBLE

    Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,

    Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,

    Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,

    Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,

    Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,

    Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,

    Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,

    Now, therefore,

    The General Assembly,

    Proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.

  • 4 - Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 1948

  • from Part I - Treaties and Associated Documents Adopted under the Auspices of or Relating to the League of Nations and United Nations
  • Edited by Urfan Khaliq, Cardiff University
  • Book:
    International Human Rights Law Documents
    Published online:
    12 December 2018
    Print publication:
    25 October 2018, pp 14-17

  • Summary

    Note: approved and proposed for signature and ratification or accession by General Assembly Resolution 260 A (III) of 9 December 1948. Entry into force: 12 January 1951.

    The Contracting Parties,

    Having considered the declaration made by the General Assembly of the United Nations in its resolution 96 (I) dated 11 December 1946 that genocide is a crime under international law, contrary to the spirit and aims of the United Nations and condemned by the civilized world,

    Recognizing that at all periods of history genocide has inflicted great losses on humanity, and

    Being convinced that, in order to liberate mankind from such an odious scourge, international co-operation is required,

    HEREBY AGREE AS HEREINAFTER PROVIDED:

    Article I

    The Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish.

    Article II

    In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:

  • (a) Killing members of the group;

  • (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;

  • (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;

  • (d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;

  • (e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.

    • Article III

    The following acts shall be punishable:

  • (a) Genocide;

  • (b) Conspiracy to commit genocide;

  • (c) Direct and public incitement to commit genocide;

  • (d) Attempt to commit genocide;

  • (e) Complicity in genocide.

    • Article IV

    Persons committing genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III shall be punished, whether they are constitutionally responsible rulers, public officials or private individuals.

    Article V

    The Contracting Parties undertake to enact, in accordance with their respective Constitutions, the necessary legislation to give effect to the provisions of the present Convention, and, in particular, to provide effective penalties for persons guilty of genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III.

  • 84 - Protocol No. 16 to the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 2013 (Sixteenth Protocol)

  • from Part IX - Council of Europe Documents
  • Edited by Urfan Khaliq, Cardiff University
  • Book:
    International Human Rights Law Documents
    Published online:
    12 December 2018
    Print publication:
    25 October 2018, pp 667-669

  • Summary

    Note: Protocol No. 16 to the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Adopted Strasbourg, 2 October 2013. Council of Europe Treaty Series No. 214. Not yet in force.

    PREAMBLE

    The member States of the Council of Europe and other High Contracting Parties to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, signed at Rome on 4 November 1950 (hereinafter referred to as “the Convention”), signatories hereto,

    Having regard to the provisions of the Convention and, in particular, Article 19 establishing the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter referred to as “the Court”);

    Considering that the extension of the Court's competence to give advisory opinions will further enhance the interaction between the Court and national authorities and thereby reinforce implementation of the Convention, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity;

    Having regard to Opinion No. 285 (2013) adopted by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe on 28 June 2013,

    Have agreed as follows:

    Article 1

  • Highest courts and tribunals of a High Contracting Party, as specified in accordance with Article 10, may request the Court to give advisory opinions on questions of principle relating to the interpretation or application of the rights and freedoms defined in the Convention or the protocols thereto.

  • The requesting court or tribunal may seek an advisory opinion only in the context of a case pending before it.

  • The requesting court or tribunal shall give reasons for its request and shall provide the relevant legal and factual background of the pending case.

    • Article 2

  • A panel of five judges of the Grand Chamber shall decide whether to accept the request for an advisory opinion, having regard to Article 1. The panel shall give reasons for any refusal to accept the request.

  • If the panel accepts the request, the Grand Chamber shall deliver the advisory opinion.

  • The panel and the Grand Chamber, as referred to in the preceding paragraphs, shall include ex officio the judge elected in respect of the High Contracting Party to which the requesting court or tribunal pertains. If there is none or if that judge is unable to sit, a person chosen by the President of the Court from a list submitted in advance by that Party shall sit in the capacity of judge.

  • 20 - Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict, 2000

  • from Part I - Treaties and Associated Documents Adopted under the Auspices of or Relating to the League of Nations and United Nations
  • Edited by Urfan Khaliq, Cardiff University
  • Book:
    International Human Rights Law Documents
    Published online:
    12 December 2018
    Print publication:
    25 October 2018, pp 157-161

  • Summary

    Note: Adopted by General Assembly Resolution A/RES/54/263 of 25 May 2000, 2173 UNTS 222. Entry into force: 12 February 2002.

    The States Parties to the present Protocol,

    Encouraged by the overwhelming support for the Convention on the Rights of the Child, demonstrating the widespread commitment that exists to strive for the promotion and protection of the rights of the child,

    Reaffirming that the rights of children require special protection, and calling for continuous improvement of the situation of children without distinction, as well as for their development and education in conditions of peace and security,

    Disturbed by the harmful and widespread impact of armed conflict on children and the long-term consequences it has for durable peace, security and development,

    Condemning the targeting of children in situations of armed conflict and direct attacks on objects protected under international law, including places that generally have a significant presence of children, such as schools and hospitals,

    Noting the adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, in particular, the inclusion therein as a war crime, of conscripting or enlisting children under the age of 15 years or using them to participate actively in hostilities in both international and non-international armed conflict,

    Considering therefore that to strengthen further the implementation of rights recognized in the Convention on the Rights of the Child there is a need to increase the protection of children from involvement in armed conflict,

    Noting that article 1 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child specifies that, for the purposes of that Convention, a child means every human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier,

    Convinced that an optional protocol to the Convention that raises the age of possible recruitment of persons into armed forces and their participation in hostilities will contribute effectively to the implementation of the principle that the best interests of the child are to be a primary consideration in all actions concerning children,

    Noting that the twenty-sixth International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent in December 1995 recommended, inter alia, that parties to conflict take every feasible step to ensure that children below the age of 18 years do not take part in hostilities,

  • 78 - Protocol No. 4 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1963 (Fourth Protocol)

  • from Part IX - Council of Europe Documents
  • Edited by Urfan Khaliq, Cardiff University
  • Book:
    International Human Rights Law Documents
    Published online:
    12 December 2018
    Print publication:
    25 October 2018, pp 653-654

  • Summary

    Note: Protocol No. 4 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms Securing Certain Rights and Freedoms Other Than Those Already Included in the Convention and in the First Protocol thereto. Adopted Strasbourg, 16 September 1963. ETS No. 46. Entry into force: 2 May 1968.

    The Governments signatory hereto, being members of the Council of Europe,

    Being resolved to take steps to ensure the collective enforcement of certain rights and freedoms other than those already included in Section I of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms signed at Rome on 4th November 1950 (hereinafter referred to as the “Convention”) and in Articles 1 to 3 of the First Protocol to the Convention, signed at Paris on 20th March 1952,

    Have agreed as follows:

    Article 1 Prohibition of imprisonment for debt

    No one shall be deprived of his liberty merely on the ground of inability to fulfil a contractual obligation.

    Article 2 Freedom of movement

  • Everyone lawfully within the territory of a State shall, within that territory, have the right to liberty of movement and freedom to choose his residence.

  • Everyone shall be free to leave any country, including his own.

  • No restrictions shall be placed on the exercise of these rights other than such as are in accordance with law and are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security or public safety, for the maintenance of ordre public, for the prevention of crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.

  • The rights set forth in paragraph 1 may also be subject, in particular areas, to restrictions imposed in accordance with law and justified by the public interest in a democratic society.

    • Article 3 Prohibition of expulsion of nationals

  • No one shall be expelled, by means either of an individual or of a collective measure, from the territory of the State of which he is a national.

  • No one shall be deprived of the right to enter the territory of the State of which he is a national.

    • Article 4 Prohibition of collective expulsion of aliens

    Collective expulsion of aliens is prohibited.

  • 58 - Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138)

  • from Part V - International Labour Organization Documents
  • Edited by Urfan Khaliq, Cardiff University
  • Book:
    International Human Rights Law Documents
    Published online:
    12 December 2018
    Print publication:
    25 October 2018, pp 501-507

  • Summary

    Note: Convention Concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment. Adopted Geneva, 58th ILC session, 26 June 1973. Entry into force: 19 June 1976.

    PREAMBLE

    The General Conference of the International Labour Organisation,

    Having been convened at Geneva by the Governing Body of the International Labour Office, and having met in its Fifty-eighth Session on 6 June 1973, and

    Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to minimum age for admission to employment, which is the fourth item on the agenda of the session, and

    Noting the terms of the Minimum Age (Industry) Convention, 1919, the Minimum Age (Sea) Convention, 1920, the Minimum Age (Agriculture) Convention, 1921, the Minimum Age (Trimmers and Stokers) Convention, 1921, the Minimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) Convention, 1932, the Minimum Age (Sea) Convention (Revised), 1936, the Minimum Age (Industry) Convention (Revised), 1937, the Minimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) Convention (Revised), 1937, the Minimum Age (Fishermen) Convention, 1959, and the Minimum Age (Underground Work) Convention, 1965, and

    Considering that the time has come to establish a general instrument on the subject, which would gradually replace the existing ones applicable to limited economic sectors, with a view to achieving the total abolition of child labour, and

    Having determined that these proposals shall take the form of an international Convention, adopts this twenty-sixth day of June of the year one thousand nine hundred and seventy-three the following Convention, which may be cited as the Minimum Age Convention, 1973:

    Article 1

    Each Member for which this Convention is in force undertakes to pursue a national policy designed to ensure the effective abolition of child labour and to raise progressively the minimum age for admission to employment or work to a level consistent with the fullest physical and mental development of young persons.

    Article 2

  • Each Member which ratifies this Convention shall specify, in a declaration appended to its ratification, a minimum age for admission to employment or work within its territory and on means of transport registered in its territory; subject to Articles 4 to 8 of this Convention, no one under that age shall be admitted to employment or work in any occupation.

  • Each Member which has ratified this Convention may subsequently notify the Director-General of the International Labour Office, by further declarations, that it specifies a minimum age higher than that previously specified.

  • 87 - Protocol Amending the European Social Charter, 1991

  • from Part IX - Council of Europe Documents
  • Edited by Urfan Khaliq, Cardiff University
  • Book:
    International Human Rights Law Documents
    Published online:
    12 December 2018
    Print publication:
    25 October 2018, pp 690-693

  • Summary

    Note: Protocol Amending the European Social Charter, adopted Turin, 21 October 1991. ETS No. 142. Entry into force: not formally in force although all key amendments are reflected in practice or in force via the 1996 Revised Charter.

    The member States of the Council of Europe, signatory to this Protocol to the European Social Charter, opened for signature in Turin on 18 October 1961 (hereinafter referred to as “the Charter”),

    Being resolved to take some measures to improve the effectiveness of the Charter, and particularly the functioning of its supervisory machinery;

    Considering therefore that it is desirable to amend certain provisions of the Charter,

    Have agreed as follows:

    Article 1

    Article 23 of the Charter shall read as follows:

    “Article 23 – Communication of copies of reports and comments

  • When sending to the Secretary General a report pursuant to Articles 21 and 22, each Contracting Party shall forward a copy of that report to such of its national organisations as are members of the international organisations of employers and trade unions invited, under Article 27, paragraph 2, to be represented at meetings of the Governmental Committee. Those organisations shall send to the Secretary General any comments on the reports of the Contracting Parties. The Secretary General shall send a copy of those comments to the Contracting Parties concerned, who might wish to respond.

  • The Secretary General shall forward a copy of the reports of the Contracting Parties to the international non-governmental organisations which have consultative status with the Council of Europe and have particular competence in the matters governed by the present Charter.

  • The reports and comments referred to in Articles 21 and 22 and in the present article shall be made available to the public on request.”

    • Article 2

    Article 24 of the Charter shall read as follows:

    “Article 24 – Examination of the reports

  • The reports sent to the Secretary General in accordance with Articles 21 and 22 shall be examined by a Committee of Independent Experts constituted pursuant to Article 25. The committee shall also have before it any comments forwarded to the Secretary General in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 23. On completion of its examination, the Committee of Independent Experts shall draw up a report containing its conclusions.

  • 37 - Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, 2000

  • from Part II - Declarations, Standard Setting and other Relevant Documents Adopted under the Auspices of the United Nations Relating Directly to Human Rights Issues
  • Edited by Urfan Khaliq, Cardiff University
  • Book:
    International Human Rights Law Documents
    Published online:
    12 December 2018
    Print publication:
    25 October 2018, pp 314-322

  • Summary

    Note: Adopted on 15 November 2000 by General Assembly Resolution 55/25, Annex II, U.N. GAOR, U.N. Doc. A/45/49 (2001). Entry into force: 25 December 2003.

    PREAMBLE

    The States Parties to this Protocol,

    Declaring that effective action to prevent and combat trafficking in persons, especially women and children, requires a comprehensive international approach in the countries of origin, transit and destination that includes measures to prevent such trafficking, to punish the traffickers and to protect the victims of such trafficking, including by protecting their internationally recognized human rights,

    Taking into account the fact that, despite the existence of a variety of international instruments containing rules and practical measures to combat the exploitation of persons, especially women and children, there is no universal instrument that addresses all aspects of trafficking in persons,

    Concerned that, in the absence of such an instrument, persons who are vulnerable to trafficking will not be sufficiently protected,

    Recalling General Assembly resolution 53/111 of 9 December 1998, in which the Assembly decided to establish an open-ended intergovernmental ad hoc committee for the purpose of elaborating a comprehensive international convention against transnational organized crime and of discussing the elaboration of, inter alia, an international instrument addressing trafficking in women and children,

    Convinced that supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime with an international instrument for the prevention, suppression and punishment of trafficking in persons, especially women and children, will be useful in preventing and combating that crime,

    Have agreed as follows:

    I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

    Article 1

    Relation with the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime

  • This Protocol supplements the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. It shall be interpreted together with the Convention.

  • The provisions of the Convention shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to this Protocol unless otherwise provided herein.

  • The offences established in accordance with article 5 of this Protocol shall be regarded as offences established in accordance with the Convention.

  • 24 - Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2006

  • from Part I - Treaties and Associated Documents Adopted under the Auspices of or Relating to the League of Nations and United Nations
  • Edited by Urfan Khaliq, Cardiff University
  • Book:
    International Human Rights Law Documents
    Published online:
    12 December 2018
    Print publication:
    25 October 2018, pp 211-235

  • Summary

    Note: Adopted on 13 December 2006 by General Assembly Resolution 61/106, Annex I, U.N. GAOR, 61st Session, Supplement. No. 49, at 65, U.N. Doc. A/61/49 (2006), 2515 UNTS 3. Entry into force: 3 May 2008.

    PREAMBLE

    The States Parties to the present Convention,

  • (a) Recalling the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations which recognize the inherent dignity and worth and the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family as the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,

  • (b) Recognizing that the United Nations, in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the International Covenants on Human Rights, has proclaimed and agreed that everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth therein, without distinction of any kind,

  • (c) Reaffirming the universality, indivisibility, interdependence and interrelatedness of all human rights and fundamental freedoms and the need for persons with disabilities to be guaranteed their full enjoyment without discrimination,

  • (d) Recalling the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families,

  • (e) Recognizing that disability is an evolving concept and that disability results from the interaction between persons with impairments and attitudinal and environmental barriers that hinders their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others,

  • (f) Recognizing the importance of the principles and policy guidelines contained in the World Programme of Action concerning Disabled Persons and in the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities in influencing the promotion, formulation and evaluation of the policies, plans, programmes and actions at the national, regional and international levels to further equalize opportunities for persons with disabilities,

  • (g) Emphasizing the importance of mainstreaming disability issues as an integral part of relevant strategies of sustainable development,

  • (h) Recognizing also that discrimination against any person on the basis of disability is a violation of the inherent dignity and worth of the human person,

  • (i) Recognizing further the diversity of persons with disabilities,

  • 70 - OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, 1969

  • from Part VII - African Union Documents
  • Edited by Urfan Khaliq, Cardiff University
  • Book:
    International Human Rights Law Documents
    Published online:
    12 December 2018
    Print publication:
    25 October 2018, pp 599-605

  • Summary

    Note: OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa. Adopted 10 September 1969, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 1001 UNTS 45. Entry into force: 20 June 1974.

    PREAMBLE

    We, the Heads of State and Government assembled in the city of Addis Ababa, from 6–10 September 1969,

    NOTING with concern the constantly increasing numbers of refugees in Africa and desirous of finding ways and means of alleviating their misery and suffering as well as providing them with a better life and future,

    RECOGNIZING the need for and essentially humanitarian approach towards solving the problems of refugees,

    AWARE, however, that refugee problems are a source of friction among many Member States, and desirous of eliminating the source of such discord,

    ANXIOUS to make a distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subversion from outside,

    DETERMINED that the activities of such subversive elements should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Resolution on the Problem of Refugees adopted at Accra in 1965,

    BEARING IN MIND that the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights have affirmed the principle that human beings shall enjoy fundamental rights and freedoms without discrimination,

    RECALLING Resolution 2312 (XXII) of 14 December 1967 of the United Nations General Assembly, relating to the Declaration on Territorial Asylum,

    CONVINCED that all the problems of our continent must be solved in the spirit of the Charter of the Organization of African Unity and in the African context,

    RECOGNIZING that the United Nations Convention of 28 July 1951, as modified by the Protocol of 31 January 1967, constitutes the basic and universal instrument relating to the status of refugees and reflects the deep concern of States for refugees and their desire to establish common standards for their treatment,

    RECALLING Resolutions 26 and 104 of the OAU Assemblies of Heads of State and Government, calling upon Member States of the Organization who had not already done so to accede to the United Nations Convention of 1951 and to the Protocol of 1967 relating to the Status of Refugees, and meanwhile to apply their provisions to refugees in Africa,

  • 39 - Norms on the Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises with Regard to Human Rights, 2003

  • from Part II - Declarations, Standard Setting and other Relevant Documents Adopted under the Auspices of the United Nations Relating Directly to Human Rights Issues
  • Edited by Urfan Khaliq, Cardiff University
  • Book:
    International Human Rights Law Documents
    Published online:
    12 December 2018
    Print publication:
    25 October 2018, pp 326-332

  • Summary

    Note: The Norms on the Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises with Regard to Human Rights, 2003, are U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/2003/12/Rev.2 (2003) and were approved on 13 August 2003 by U.N. Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights Resolution 2003/16, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/2003/L.11 at 52 (2003).

    PREAMBLE

    Bearing in mind the principles and obligations under the Charter of the United Nations, in particular the preamble and Articles 1, 2, 55 and 56, inter alia to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms,

    Recalling that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaims a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that Governments, other organs of society and individuals shall strive, by teaching and education to promote respect for human rights and freedoms, and, by progressive measures, to secure universal and effective recognition and observance, including of equal rights of women and men and the promotion of social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,

    Recognizing that even though States have the primary responsibility to promote, secure the fulfilment of, respect, ensure respect of and protect human rights, transnational corporations and other business enterprises, as organs of society, are also responsible for promoting and securing the human rights set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,

    Realizing that transnational corporations and other business enterprises, their officers and persons working for them are also obligated to respect generally recognized responsibilities and norms contained in United Nations treaties and other international instruments such as the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; the Slavery Convention and the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery; the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women; the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the Convention on the Rights of the Child; the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families;

Herodotus: Histories Book V
  • Herodotus
  • Edited by Simon Hornblower
  • Published online:
    16 October 2018
    Print publication:
    12 December 2013
  • One of the most important works of history in Western literature, by the freshest and liveliest of all classical Greek prose authors, Herodotus's Histories is also a key text for the study of ancient Greece and the Persian Empire. Covering a central and widely studied period of Greek history, Book V not only describes the revolt of the east Greeks against their Persian masters, which led to the great Persian Wars of 490–479 BC, but also provides fascinating material about the mainland Greek states in the sixth century BC. This is an up-to-date edition of and commentary on the Greek text of the book, providing extensive help with the Greek, basic historical information and clear maps, as well as lucid and insightful historical and literary interpretation of the text. The volume is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, teachers and scholars.

Metric Spaces
  • Iteration and Application
  • Victor Bryant
  • Published online:
    12 October 2018
    Print publication:
    02 May 1985
  • Here is an introductory text on metric spaces that is the first to be written for students who are as interested in the applications as in the theory. Knowledge of metric spaces is fundamental to understanding numerical methods (for example for solving differential equations) as well as analysis, yet most books at this level emphasise just the abstraction and theory. Dr Bryant uses applications to provide motivation and to sustain the development and discusses numerical procedures where appropriate. The reader is expected to have had some exposure to elementary analysis, but the author provides examples throughout to refresh the student's memory and to test and extend understanding. In short, this is an introductory textbook that will appeal to students of mathematics and engineering and will give them the required background for more advanced courses in both analysis and numerical analysis.

Flaubert: Madame Bovary
  • Stephen C. Heath
  • Published online:
    12 October 2018
    Print publication:
    09 April 1992
  • Madame Bovary was one of the most influential literary achievements of the nineteenth century and gained immediate notoriety through its questioning of marriage, sex, and the role of women. Stephen Heath shows how this landmark text captures and articulates a fundamental experience of the post-romantic, commercial-industrial, emotional-democratic period. He explains how Madame Bovary represents Flaubert's intense personal engagement with the tragedy of bourgeois culture, while at the same time exemplyfying the author's commitment to the impersonality of Art and the transcendence of style. The novel is set in its literary and historical context and there is a guide to further reading.

Page 1127 of 1926