This paper outlines the ways in which the project is addressing the colonial legacy of Henry Wellcome as well as presenting the data from the first three field seasons at Jebel Moya, south-central Sudan. These data have substantially revised our chronological and socio-economic understanding of the site. Our excavations, initiated in 2017 and continued in 2019 and 2022, show a longer, more continuous occupation of the site than has been previously recognised. The faunal and botanical remains have implications for the spread of early domesticates in the eastern Sahel and for climate changes, and raise issues of resilience. There is confirmed human burial activity from at least the third millennium BC onwards, while the pottery continues to yield information about the variety of decoration and, for the final Assemblage 3, data on its usage. Overall, the continued importance of the site for the eastern Sahel is re-emphasised.

Two ensembles are frequently used to model random graphs subject to constraints: the microcanonical ensemble (= hard constraint) and the canonical ensemble (= soft constraint). It is said that breaking of ensemble equivalence (BEE) occurs when the specific relative entropy of the two ensembles does not vanish as the size of the graph tends to infinity. Various examples have been analysed in the literature. It was found that BEE is the rule rather than the exception for two classes of constraints: sparse random graphs when the number of constraints is of the order of the number of vertices, and dense random graphs when there are two or more constraints that are frustrated. We establish BEE for a third class: dense random graphs with a single constraint on the density of a given simple graph. We show that BEE occurs in a certain range of choices for the density and the number of edges of the simple graph, which we refer to as the BEE-phase. We also show that, in part of the BEE-phase, there is a gap between the scaling limits of the averages of the maximal eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of the random graph under the two ensembles, a property that is referred to as the spectral signature of BEE. We further show that in the replica symmetric region of the BEE-phase, BEE is due to the coexistence of two densities in the canonical ensemble.

Digital treatment for neurodevelopmental disorders is being developed in order to treat patients online when possible, to reduce waitinglists, and to improve efficiency of treatment. In this workshop, first experiences with the so called Start Programme of the Super Brains app for ADHD in adults are presented. The Super Brains app has been developed by Rutger den Hollander, who himself has ADHD and owns an ICT company in the Netherlands, in cooperation with the speaker of this workshop and Parnassiagroep. The Start Programme is a new part of the Super Brains app, meant for patients referred for treatment that have to wait on often long waitinglists. Now they have no longer to wait, but can start immediately preparing for assessment by filling in questionnaires, and with psycho-education, lifestyle tips and support by experience experts that welcome them in the app and show them around. First data on the use of different parts of the Start Programme, the activity of patients in the app, and the satisfaction of patients will be presented. We also aim to study whether the Start Progamme is effective in reducing severity of ADHD symptoms. Super Brains can be adjusted for use in patients with other (neurodevelopmental) disorders easily.

The Hamming graph H(d, n) is the Cartesian product of d complete graphs on n vertices. Let ${m=d(n-1)}$ be the degree and $V = n^d$ be the number of vertices of H(d, n). Let $p_c^{(d)}$ be the critical point for bond percolation on H(d, n). We show that, for $d \in \mathbb{N}$ fixed and $n \to \infty$,

$$p_c^{(d)} = {1 \over m} + {{2{d^2} - 1} \over {2{{(d - 1)}^2}}}{1 \over {{m^2}}} + O({m^{ - 3}}) + O({m^{ - 1}}{V^{ - 1/3}}),$$

$O(m^{-1}V^{-1/3})$

$d=4,5,6$

$m^{-3} =O(m^{-1}V^{-1/3})$

$p_c^{(d)}$

$d=2,3,4$

Causal inference lies at the heart of many legal questions. Yet in the context of complicated disease litigation, in particular, the causal inquiry is beset with difficulties due to gaps in scientific knowledge concerning the precise biological processes underlying such diseases. Civil courts across the globe, faced with increased litigation on such matters, struggle to adhere to their judicial fact-finding and decision-making role in the face of such scientific uncertainty. An important difficulty in drawing evidentially sound causal inferences is the binary format of the traditional legal test for factual causation, being the ‘but for’ test, which is based on the condicio-sine-qua-non principle. To the question ‘would the damage have occurred in the absence of the defendant's wrongful behaviour’ the ‘but for’ test requires a simple yes or no answer. This is increasingly deemed unsatisfactory in cases in which, given the state of science, true causation cannot possibly be determined with certainty.

The probing activities of the most important leafhopper vector of maize streak virus, Cicadulina mbila (Naudé) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) were studied on different host-plants. Host preference was determined by giving the insects a choice of six plants, Digitaria sanguinalis, Zea mays, Zea perennis, Paspalum conjugatum, Oryza sativa and Saccharum officinarum (all Gramineae). Cicadulina mbila showed a strong preference for D. sanguinalis. Histological examination of plant tissues for salivary sheaths was used to reveal the preferred tissue. Cicadulina mbila tended to ingest from the phloem of its preferred hosts, and switch to mesophyll or xylem tissue on less preferred hosts. The suitability of each host was assessed by measuring the weight gain and amount of honeydew produced on each host by newly emerged adult females. Both parameters were greatest on the preferred host. Probing behaviour was also monitored electronically by recording the different waveform patterns produced when insects were probing, ingesting or not probing on the selected hosts. Cicadulina mbila probed less frequently, ingested longer and spent less time in non-probing activities on its preferred host, D. sanguinalis, although these responses were similar on maize and sugarcane. Rice induced poor probing responses and altered behaviour. This interpretation of the waveforms was supported by histological examination. As maize streak virus (MSV) is not found in phloem sieve elements, prolonged ingestion from sieve cells would not account for efficient acquisition from maize, which would require ingestion from other types of cells. D. sanguinalis was the host in which most ingestion from the phloem occurred, but it is the poorest source of MSV.

When the Habsburg dynasty had finally driven back the Turks, repopulation of the Alföld (the Great Hungarian Plain) began. The policies that were adopted reshaped the whole ethnic structure of the region. Under Turkish rule the Hungarians had become not only impoverished but greatly depleted in numbers. In Slavonia there were no Hungarians left at all and very few were left in the southern hahf of de Bácska, between the Franz Joseph Canal and the Danube, or in the Bánát, or in the counties of Tolna and Baranya in Transdanubia, or in the north.

The Nagy-Magyar Alföld, the Great Hungarian Plain, lies within the Carpathian crescent, between the last foothills of the Alps and the South Slavic and Transylvanian mountain ranges. The Danube and the Tisza meander slowly through it, carrying their muddy waters to the narrow passage of the Iron Gates. The landscape here—the wide horizons shimmering in the heat of summer with unreal outlines, the crossed well-poles like slanting T's, the endless fields alternately of wheat and maize, the alkali-rimmed lakes, the lack of trees, the occasional stretches of empty steppe with not a single human being in sight—is to anyone from the tree-clad mountain slopes across the Danube a startling contrast. The visitor will soon discover that the character of the region and the traditions of its people have combined in the course of history to create here unique social forms.

Social reality which is remote in time or in space has a charm of its own. A desire to escape one's own time and environment, the longing for the exotic and bygone (a longing that, at times, is reinforced by the spirit of the time, as during the romantic movement), residual dreams of adolescence, the lure which distance offers to the freely roaming fantasy, the urge for new experience, the turning away from daily and trivial matters, the tendency to criticize oneself through the foreign — there are many and subtle motivations that make the distant and the foreign fascinating. Novalis did not only state that everything becomes romantic and poetic “when it is moved into remoteness”; he also spoke of the “dignity of the unknown”.