The North American Heritage at Risk (NAHAR) collaborative, which formed during the COVID-19 pandemic, allowed for heritage-at-risk partners to shift from reactive to proactive strategies. The result was the creation of the NAHAR research pipeline to respond to landscapes at risk. The pipeline includes modeling of environmental changes to the landscape; monitoring sites to verify location and assess condition; meeting with the public, descendant community, land managers, and transdisciplinary experts in their field to discuss climate change impacts to their heritage in the next 10 years; methodizing by means of a workflow organizer using data from the modeling, monitoring, and meeting; and when appropriate, mitigating areas identified during the methodizing process. In 2020, the Florida Public Archaeology Network—along with partners in Georgia, South Carolina, Washington, Texas, and Louisiana—began the Science Collaborative People of Guana project at the Guana Tolomato Matanzas Estuarine Research Reserve (GTM NERR) north of St. Augustine, Florida. Using a collaborative science mindset, the project team applied the NAHAR pipeline to gain a better sense of how resources were used in the past and how they currently are being used by communities to ensure responsive resource management and relationship building with visitors, descendants, and other community stakeholders, such as the Gullah/Geechee Nation. This article will provide the building blocks for other collaborative teams to follow the NAHAR pipeline and share lessons learned from the two-year project.

In this experimental and numerical study, we revisit the question of the onset of the elastic regime in viscoelastic pinch-off. This is relevant to all modern filament thinning techniques, which aim to measure the extensional properties of low-viscosity polymer solutions. Examples are the slow retraction method (SRM) for capillary breakup extensional rheometry (CaBER), or the dripping method, in which a drop detaches from a nozzle. As part of these techniques, a stable liquid bridge is brought slowly to its stability threshold, where capillary-driven thinning starts. This thinning slows down dramatically at a critical radius $h_1$, marking the onset of the elasto-capillary regime, characterised by a filament of nearly uniform radius. While a theoretical scaling exists for this transition in the case of the classical step-strain CaBER protocol, where polymer chains stretch without relaxing during the fast plate separation, we show that this theory is not necessarily valid for a slow protocol such as the SRM. In that case, polymer chains start stretching (beyond their equilibrium coiled configuration) only when the bridge thinning rate becomes comparable to the inverse of their relaxation time. We derive a universal scaling for $h_1$, valid for both low- and high-viscosity polymer solutions. This scaling is validated by CaBER experiments with a slow plate separation protocol using different polymer solutions, plate diameters and sample volumes, as well as by numerical simulations using the FENE-P model.

We review shoreline monitoring methodologies used by members of the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) Archaeology, Geology, and Wildlife Biology teams from February 2021 to December 2022 on Pockoy Island in Charleston County, South Carolina, USA. Our project objectives were to better understand the driving forces behind the landward movement of the shoreline (transgression), to apply new understanding to the rate of shoreline erosion of the island that directly impacts the Pockoy Island Shell Ring Complex (38CH2533), and to establish best practice for future community science monitoring efforts. Each member of our team used a different shoreline monitoring methodology (a nested methodology approach). Multiple unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV)-derived orthoimagery datasets, on-the-ground transect measurements, and Arrow Gold real-time kinematic (RTK) unit measurements have been collected monthly following significant storms or king (perigean) tide events. Moving forward, the erosion transect approach tested within this project will serve as the foundation for community science monitoring at heritage at-risk sites in South Carolina. In this article, we introduce initial efforts in establishing a community science monitoring program in South Carolina that will influence future research, land management, and policy, and we propose how our research might be adapted for other sites at risk.

Background: Invasive mold infections (IMIs) in hospitalized patients can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Environmental factors, such as hospital construction and negative air-pressure rooms (NAPRs), have been associated with hospital-acquired IMI. Increased utilization of NAPRs during the COVID-19 pandemic created a unique opportunity to examine the impact of NAPRs on IMI risk. Methods: From 2018 to present, a new pavilion was being constructed adjacent to our hospital. The Theradoc platform was used to identify positive mold cultures among adult patients hospitalized at our institution between March 1, 2017, and October 15, 2022. We performed a retrospective chart review of 262 mold isolates to determine patient demographics, timing of IMI, and their relationship to hospital construction and exposure to NAPR. IMI incidence was compared across 3 observation periods: (A) before hospital construction; (B) during hospital construction alone; and (C) during hospital construction and NAPR enhancement during the COVID-19 surge. Hospital-acquired IMI was defined as an infection that occurred >72 hours after admission. A REDCap database was created for data storage and R software was used for data analysis. Results: Of the 262 mold isolates identified, 61 cases were classified as IMI, of which 29 were hospital-acquired IMI. The mean age of IMI patients was 51.8 years, and 55.2% were male. Among them, 20.7% were exposed to NAPR during admission; 65.5.% were immunocompromised; and 2 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. The all-cause mortality rate among hospital-acquired IMI cases was 79.3% (23 of 29). Also, 82.8% of hospital-acquired IMI cases were respiratory in nature, with 83.3% of these cases due to Aspergillus spp. Yearly rates of hospital-acquired IMI were 3.0 before construction versus 5.6 during construction (periods B and C). Yearly rates of hospital-acquired IMI, respiratory IMI, and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis by period were as follows: Period A had 3 hospital-acquired IMI cases per year, 2 hospital-acquired respiratory IMI cases per year, and 3 hospital-acquired invasive pulmonary aspergillosis cases per year. Period B had 4.5 hospital-acquired IMI cases per year, 3.5 hospital-acquired respiratory IMI cases per year, and 3.0 hospital-acquired invasive pulmonary aspergillosis cases per year. Period C had 6.5 hospital-acquired IMI cases per year, 5.4 hospital-acquired respiratory IMI cases per year, and 5.0 hospital-acquired invasive pulmonary aspergillosis cases per year. Conclusions: Hospital-acquired IMI was associated with a high mortality. Our data demonstrate a >2-fold increase in yearly incidence of hospital-acquired IMI before construction compared with during construction in association with increased implementation of NAPR. We have now reversed the trend in NAPR at our hospital’s designated COVID-19 units.

Disclosures: None

This article presents a new reading of the Dārāb-nāma (Book of Dārāb, ca. eleventh–twelfth century), a medieval popular narrative in prose (dāstān) ascribed to the storyteller Abū Ṭāhir Ṭarsūsī. While the narrative belongs to the Persian tradition of the Alexander romance, the Alexander figure it depicts bears little resemblance to that presented in high classical verse-forms by the likes of Firdawsī, Niẓāmī, Amīr Khusraw Dihlavī, or Jāmī. Although still a conqueror, legitimate ruler, and champion of Islam, the Alexander of the Dārāb-nāma appears in a strongly negative light: he is lame, cowardly, and sly. In fact, most of his success he owes to his once opponent and later wife, Būrān-dukht: could she be the true hero in the story? Drawing on a critical examination of characters based on Greimas's actantial model, this study probes the authorial program and intended audience of the Dārāb-nāma, and suggests the work can be read as mock-epic, possibly to cater to a Zoroastrian audience.

We study the dynamics of two air bubbles driven by the motion of a suspending viscous fluid in a Hele-Shaw channel with a small elevation along its centreline via physical experiment and numerical simulation of a depth-averaged model. For a single-bubble system we establish that, in general, the bubble propagation speed monotonically increases with bubble volume so that two bubbles of different sizes, in the absence of any hydrodynamic interactions, will either coalesce or separate in a finite time. However, our experiments indicate that the bubbles interact and that an unstable two-bubble state is responsible for the eventual dynamical outcome: coalescence or separation. These results motivate us to develop an edge-tracking routine and to calculate these weakly unstable two-bubble steady states from the governing equations. The steady states consist of pairs of ‘aligned’ bubbles that appear on the same side of the centreline with the larger bubble leading. We also discover, through time-dependent simulations and physical experiment, another class of two-bubble states that, surprisingly, are stable. In contrast to the ‘aligned’ steady states, these bubbles appear on either side of the centreline and are ‘offset’ from each other. We calculate the bifurcation structures of both classes of steady states as the flow rate and bubble volume ratio are varied. We find that they exhibit intriguing similarities to the single-bubble bifurcation structure, which has implications for the existence of $n$-bubble steady states.

We studied ethnic differences in terms of iron status during pregnancy between Dutch women and other ethnicities and explore to what extent these differences can be explained by environmental factors. This cross-sectional population-based study (2002–2006) was embedded in the Generation R study and included a total of 4737 pregnant women from seven ethnic groups (Dutch, Turkish, Moroccan, Cape Verdean, Surinamese-Hindustani, Surinamese-Creole and Antillean). Ethnicity was defined according to the Dutch classification of ethnic background. Ferritin, iron and transferrin were measured in early pregnancy. The overall prevalence of iron deficiency was 7 %, ranging from 4 % in both Dutch and Surinamese-Creoles, to 18 % in Turkish, Moroccan and Surinamese-Hindustani women. Iron overload was most prevalent in Surinamese-Creole (11 %) and Dutch (9 %) women. Socioeconomic factors accounted for 5–36 % of the differences. Income was the strongest socioeconomic factor in the Cape Verdean and Surinamese-Hindustani groups and parity for the Turkish and Moroccan groups. Lifestyle determinants accounted for 8–14 % of the differences. In all groups, the strongest lifestyle factor was folic acid use, being associated with higher iron status. In conclusion, in our population, both iron deficiency and iron overload were common in early pregnancy. Our data suggest that ethnic differences in terms of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors only partly drive the large ethnic differences in iron status. Our data support the development of more specific prevention programmes based on further exploration of socioeconomic inequities, modifiable risk and genetic factors in specific ethnic subgroups, as well as the need for individual screening of iron status before supplementation.

Motivated by the desire to understand complex transient behaviour in fluid flows, we study the dynamics of an air bubble driven by the steady motion of a suspending viscous fluid within a Hele-Shaw channel with a centred depth perturbation. Using both experiments and numerical simulations of a depth-averaged model, we investigate the evolution of an initially centred bubble of prescribed volume as a function of flow rate and initial shape. The experiments exhibit a rich variety of organised transient dynamics, involving bubble breakup as well as aggregation and coalescence of interacting neighbouring bubbles. The long-term outcome is either a single bubble or multiple separating bubbles, positioned along the channel in order of increasing velocity. Up to moderate flow rates, the life and fate of the bubble are reproducible and can be categorised by a small number of characteristic behaviours that occur in simply connected regions of the parameter plane. Increasing the flow rate leads to less reproducible time evolutions with increasing sensitivity to initial conditions and perturbations in the channel. Time-dependent numerical simulations that allow for breakup and coalescence are found to reproduce most of the dynamical behaviour observed experimentally, including enhanced sensitivity at high flow rate. An unusual feature of this system is that the set of steady and periodic solutions can change during temporal evolution because both the number of bubbles and their size distribution evolve due to breakup and coalescence events. Calculation of stable and unstable solutions in the single- and two-bubble cases reveals that the transient dynamics is orchestrated by weakly unstable solutions of the system that can appear and disappear as the number of bubbles changes.

Nous relatons l’histoire clinique de monsieur J., âgé de 40 ans et pris en charge à la Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire du CHRU de Tours depuis 1998. Il souffre d’une schizophrénie paranoïde. Il est traité par palipéridone LP 150 mg. Il bénéficie d’un suivi complémentaire en addictologie du fait d’une comorbidité addictive de type polytoxicomanie sevrée avec un traitement substitutif (chlorhydrate de méthadone 100 mg/j) et d’un TDAH traité par méthylphénidate chlorhydrate LP 80 mg/j. En novembre 2013, nous notons l’apparition soudaine d’une nouvelle thématique délirante, « j’ai un micro-émetteur sous la peau », coïncidant avec une majoration de la consommation de cannabis. Nous évoquons une recrudescence délirante chez un patient qui présente depuis des années un délire polymorphe à thématique principale mystique. « On remonte jusqu’à Jésus dans ma généalogie, etc ». À l’examen clinique, nous découvrons une masse distincte à l’endroit désigné par le patient comme lieu du micro-émetteur implanté. L’exploration anamnestique ne retrouve aucun élément en faveur d’un corps étranger sous-cutané. L’échographie pelvienne confirme la présence d’une masse sans orientation étiologique possible. Une tomodensitométrie pelvienne est alors recommandée, et permet d’authentifier la présence d’un corps étranger sous-cutané. Après notre insistance auprès de la famille, la mère retrouve dans le dossier médical de son fils un accord de consentement pour une prise en charge en addictologie alors qu’il était mineur (16 ans), avec pose d’un implant sous-cutané de disulfirame (retiré du marché français en 1997). Ceci a permis de mettre fin à l’errance diagnostique entre production délirante et réalité d’un implant sous-cutané de disulfirame oublié et vieux de 24 ans. Cette vignette clinique illustre la complexité de la clinique psychiatrique et souligne l’importance d’une écoute attentive et singulière de chaque patient.