Claims relating to foods’ nutrition content and potential health benefits have been shown to influence consumer preferences and purchases regardless of the nutritional quality of the product(1). In Australia, permitted claims include nutrition content claims, which refer to the presence or absence of a nutrient, and health claims, which refer to health benefits of foods or nutrients in a product. Health claims include general level health claims, which refer to normal processes and functions, and high level health claims, which refer to a disease or biomarker of a disease. Products that display a health claim must meet the Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criterion (NPSC), however this is not required for products to make a nutrition content claim. The aim of this study was to examine the use of nutrition content and health claims made on Australian ready meal products and assess the proportion of products displaying claims that meet the NPSC. Analysis of the ready meal category in the 2023 FoodSwitch database, a repository of Australian food packaging images and label data for over 28,000 foods developed by The George Institute for Global Health, was conducted(2,3). Foods in the ready meal category were identified and data from the nutrition information panel was collated to calculate whether they met the NPSC. Nutrition content and health claims were extracted from product images and categorised according to claim type (nutrition or health claim) and claimed nutrient or attribute. The proportion of products meeting the NPSC was then calculated overall and by claim type (nutrition content vs health claims). Data were available for 777 ready meal products. Of these, 682 (87.8%) met the NPSC. In total, 2051 nutrition content or health claims were identified across the ready meal products, with 1909 (93.1%) of these categorised as nutrition content claims. The remaining 142 claims identified were general level health claims, with no high level health claims identified. Almost all (n = 1857, 97.3%) nutrition content claims and all general level health claims were made on products which met the NPSC. The most common claims related to protein, energy and fibre content. The use of claims was prevalent across the ready meal food category in Australia, with claims relating to nutrient content being most common. While most claims were made on products that met the NPSC, there is a need for further research to ensure the NPSC appropriately distinguishes between healthy and less healthy food products. This will ensure consumers are equipped to make informed decisions when purchasing food products.

The Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) Cross-Trial Statistics Group gathered lessons learned from statisticians responsible for the design and analysis of the 11 ACTIV therapeutic master protocols to inform contemporary trial design as well as preparation for a future pandemic. The ACTIV master protocols were designed to rapidly assess what treatments might save lives, keep people out of the hospital, and help them feel better faster. Study teams initially worked without knowledge of the natural history of disease and thus without key information for design decisions. Moreover, the science of platform trial design was in its infancy. Here, we discuss the statistical design choices made and the adaptations forced by the changing pandemic context. Lessons around critical aspects of trial design are summarized, and recommendations are made for the organization of master protocols in the future.

The author regrets that in the photograph section on p. 50 the caption to the “top” Fig. 2 should read:

Fig. 2(b). Rock sample of attapulgite from Yucatan, Mexico (Tertiary).

the caption on the “bottom” Fig. 2 should read:

Fig. 2(a). Spray-dried attapulgite from Yucatan, Mexico.

Also the bar scales on Fig. 9 were inadvertently juxtapositioned:

Fig. 9(a) should carry the 10 μL scale, and Fig. 9(b) the 1 μ scale.

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) proves to be ideally suited for studying the configuration, texture, and fabric of clay samples. Growth mechanics of crystalline units — interpenetration and interlocking of crystallites, crystal habits, twinning, helical growth, and topotaxis — also are uniquely revealed by the SEM.

Authigenic kaolins make up the bulk of the examples because their larger crystallite size, better crystallinity, and open texture make them more suited to examination by the SEM than most other clay mineral types.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Community-based residency programs often lack formal training in research scholarship required by ACGME. To address this need, UCSF’s CTSI collaborated with residency leaders to implement a self-paced online curriculum for residents called Training in Practice Based Research (TIPR). We describe characteristics of the initial trainee cohort. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In the 2022-23 academic year, TIPR was offered to 10 UCSF-affiliated family medicine residency programs across Northern California and the Central Valley, and 8 chose to participate. An additional community-based psychiatry residency independently contacted our team and was also granted permission to participate. We conducted baseline surveys with participants to understand their prior research experience and motivation to join TIPR. Descriptive data for demographics of trainees and their prior research experience were collected using Qualtrics. Thematic analyses were conducted on qualitative responses. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of 32 participants, 29 completed the survey (91%). Learners identified as 40% non-Hispanic White, 28% Asian, 16% Hispanic, 9% non-Hispanic Black, and 15% non-Hispanic other. 28% were motivated to participate in the program because it was a residency requirement, 31% wanted to improve their scholarly skills and confidence, 16% were interested in career development, and 6% were interested in networking. 19% reported no research experience. Participants are currently working on scholarly projects designed during the first year of TIPR. In 2023-2024, with the addition of two new family medicine residency programs, an additional 40 residents have enrolled in TIPR. In April 2024, we will present data on projects completed, and demographics of the full cohort. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: With CTSI support, TIPR has reached a large cohort of ethnically diverse physician trainees in community-based settings. Future evaluation will focus on whether TIPR increases the quantity and quality of practice-based research within residency training programs served by this program.

This study investigated replicating six generations of glasshouse-based flowering date selection in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) using an adaptation of the population model SOMER (Spatial Orientated Modelling of Evolutionary Resistance). This individual-based model was chosen because it could be altered to contain varying numbers of genes, along with varying levels of environmental influence on the phenotype (namely the heritability). Accurate replication of six generations of genetic change that had occurred in a previous glasshouse-based selection was achieved, without intermediate adjustments. This study found that multiple copies of just two genes were required to reproduce the polygenic flowering time adaptations demonstrated in that previous research. The model included major effect type M1 genes, with linkage and crossing over, and minor effect type M2 genes undergoing independent assortment. Within the model, transmissibility (heritability of each gene type) was parameterized at 0.60 for the M1 genes and 0.45 for the M2 genes. The serviceable parameterization of the genetics of flowering in R. raphanistrum within a population model means that simulated examinations of the effects of external weed control on flowering time adaptations are now more feasible. An accurate and simplified Mendelian-based model replicating the adaptive shifts of flowering time that is controlled by a complex array of genes is useful in predicting life-cycle adaptations to evade weed control measures such as harvest weed seed control, which apply intense adaptive selections on traits that affect seed retention at harvest, including flowering time.