This collection gathers thirteen contributions by a number of historians, friends, colleagues and/or students of Jinty’s, who were asked to pick their favourite article by her and say a few words about it for an event held in her memory on 15 January 2025 at King’s College London. We offer this collection in print now for a wider audience not so much because it has any claim to be exhaustive or authoritative, but because taken all together these pieces seemed to add up to a useful retrospective on Jinty’s work, its wider context, and its impact on the field over the decades. We hope that, for those who know her work well already, this may be an opportunity to remember some of her classic (and a few less classic) articles, while at the same time serving as an accessible introduction to her research for anyone who knew her without necessarily knowing about her field, as well as for a new and younger generation of readers.

Background: Referrals to the Stroke prevention clinic with incomplete preliminary investigations decrease clinic capacity due to additional workload and the need for follow-ups. We aimed to improve the efficacy of the initial visit by increasing the completion rate of vascular imaging. Methods: Pre-post quasi-experimental study with three phases: Phase 1: Surveillance; Phase 2: Stakeholder feedback-informed intervention development (physicians and clinic staff); and Phase 3: Implementation. Interventions included a new referral order within the provincial EMR; a specific physician triage form listing required investigations (brain imaging, vascular imaging, cardiac tracing); and a nurse-led pre-visit via telephone. The primary outcome measure was the completion of vascular imaging - assessed with multivariable logistic regression Results: The study’s inclusion criteria were met by 383 patients, mean age of 67.6±13.2 years; 49% were female, 62.5% were diagnosed with vascular events. An increase in vascular imaging before the initial visit was found in Phase 3 (139/184, 75.5%) compared to Phase 1 (121/198, 61.1%, Odds ratio 1.96 95% CI 1.3-3.1; p=0.003). Fewer follow-up visits were required in Phase 3 (22.8%) compared to Phase 1 (31.8%, p=0.049). Conclusions: A uniform referral process, a standard triage process, and a nurse-led pre-visit may improve the completion of essential investigations before the patient visit.

Background: We aim to assess the resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) and reactivity with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in patients with acute stroke compared to age, sex and comorbidity-matched subjects. Methods: Patients with acute anterior circulation stroke syndrome localizing to the right (RH) or left hemisphere (LH) were enrolled. RSFC was assessed using group-level seed-based (Primary Motor cortex,PMC) correlation analysis. Finger-tapping-associated relative oxygen Hemoglobin (ΔHbO) changes were analyzed with generalized linear model regression. Results: 127 participants (RH stroke, 51; LH stroke, 43; control, 33) enrolled at a median of 21 (15,29) hours after symptom onset. Compared to the control group, the RSFC with the affected PMC (LH stroke) was reduced over the affected somatosensory cortex (SSC) in the minor ischemic stroke (IS) (r = -0.14 (-0.3,-0.01)), minor intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (-0.48 (-0.78,-0.18)) and major ICH groups (-0.2 (-0.4,-0.01). In the FT task compared to the control groups in LH stroke, ΔHbO was increased over the affected SSC in minor IS (β11.2(1.9,20.5)) and major ICH group (β11.7 (1.4,22.1)). In the FT task in RH stroke, ΔHbO was increased over the unaffected PMC in minor IS (β12.1(2.3,21.8)), major IS (β14.9 (0.3,29.5)), minor ICH (β25.7 (10.1,41.2)) and major ICH (β13.4 (1.1,25.6). Conclusions: Motor cortex dysconnectivity may be worse over the LH stroke. In RH stroke, there is early compensatory increased neuronal activity over the unaffected PMC. These results suggest differential acute remodelling in RH and LH strokes.

LGBTQ+ people remain underrepresented in politics, leading scholars to examine a variety of barriers to office. Based on work on women in politics, this paper focuses on one possible barrier: political finance. Is there a political financing gap between straight cisgender and LGBTQ+ candidates? Are there inequalities among LGBTQ+ candidates? If so, what explains them? This article explores these questions by combining a dataset of out LGBTQ+ candidates in the 2015–21 federal elections with political donations data from Elections Canada. When we examine bivariate financing gaps, we find LGBTQ+ candidates receive less money than their straight cisgender counterparts. These gaps are gendered: queer cisgender women, transgender, and nonbinary candidates receive the least money. When we adjust for other variables, we still find LGBTQ+ candidates in the Conservative Party and transgender and nonbinary candidates across parties receive less money. This article contributes to work on gender and identity in campaign finance and LGBTQ+ representation.

Gastrointestinal infections significantly impact African low- and middle-income countries, although, accurate data on acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) for all ages are lacking. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of AGI in Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Tanzania. A population survey was conducted in one urban and one rural site per country, from 01 October 2020 to 30 September 2021, using web-based and face-to-face tools (n = 4417). The survey tool was adapted from high-income countries, ensuring comparability through an internationally recommended AGI case definition. Ethiopia had the highest AGI incidence (0.87 episodes per person-year), followed by Mozambique (0.58), Tanzania (0.41), and Nigeria (0.34). Age-standardized incidence was highest in Mozambique (1.46) and Ethiopia (1.25), compared to Tanzania (0.58) and Nigeria (0.33). The 4-week prevalence was 6.4% in Ethiopia and 4.3% in Mozambique, compared to 3.1% in Tanzania and 2.6% in Nigeria. AGI lasted an average of 5.3 days in Ethiopia and 3.0 to 3.4 days elsewhere. Children under five had 4.4 times higher AGI odds (95% CI: 2.8, 6.7) than those aged 15-59. The study provides empirical data on the incidence and demographic determinants of AGI in these four countries.

Objectives/Goals: pT217-tau is a novel fluid biomarker that predicts onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) symptoms, but little is known about how pT217-tau arises in brain, as soluble pT217-tau is dephosphorylated postmortem in the humans. Aging macaques naturally develop tau pathology with the same qualitative pattern and sequence as humans, including cortical pathology. Methods/Study Population: The etiology of pT217-tau in aging brains can be probed in rhesus macaques, where perfusion fixation allows capture of phosphorylated proteins in their native state. We utilized multi-label immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase and immunogold immunoelectron microscopy to examine the subcellular localization of early-stage pT217-tau in entorhinal cortex (ERC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) of aged rhesus macaques with naturally occurring tau pathology and assayed pT217-tau levels in blood plasma using an ultrasensitive nanoneedle approach. Results/Anticipated Results: pT217-tau labeling is primarily observed in postsynaptic compartments, accumulating in: 1) dendritic spines on the calcium-storing smooth endoplasmic reticulum spine apparatus near asymmetric glutamatergic-like synapses and 2) in dendritic shafts, where it aggregated on microtubules, often “trapping” endosomes associated with Aβ42. The dendrites expressing pT217-tau were associated with autophagic vacuoles and dysmorphic mitochondria, indicative of early neurite degeneration. We observed trans-synaptic pT217-tau trafficking between neurons within omega-shaped bodies and endosomes, specifically near excitatory, but not inhibitory synapses. We also examined pT217-tau in blood plasma in macaques across age-span and observed a statistically significant age-related increase in pT217-tau. Discussion/Significance of Impact: We provide direct evidence of pT217-tau trafficking between neurons near synapses to “seed” tau pathology in higher brain circuits, interfacing with the extracellular space to become accessible to CSF and blood. The expression of pT217-tau in dendrites with early signs of degeneration may help to explain why this tau species can herald future diseases.

Through compositional inclusion or exclusion, the photograph can assert and communicate what belongs in a picture, in a landscape, in an ecosystem. It can illuminate what we deem conservation-worthy, or, on a larger scale, which extinctions are attention-worthy. Photographic practice helps to illuminate the active nature of extinction, and our choices as actors and witnesses within that process. Here, researchers from the University of Leeds’ Extinction Studies Doctoral Training Programme present individual reflections on interdisciplinary practice-led research in the Scottish Small Isles. We consider how photography, as a form of praxis, can generate new forms of knowledge surrounding extinction: its meanings, representations, and legacies, particularly through visual representation. We offer seven perspectives on contemporary image-making, from disciplines including philosophy, conservation biology, literature, sociology, geology, cultural anthropology, and palaeontology. Researchers gathered experiential, ethical, even biological meanings from considering what to include or exclude in images: from the micro to the macro, the visible to the invisible, the aesthetic to the ecological. We draw conclusions around meaning-making through the process of photography itself, and the tensions encountered through framing and decision-making in a time of mass ecological decline.

Psychologists and psychological research have shaped sleep and circadian science for over a century. Yet, psychology has not fully embraced sleep as a core area of inquiry, and sleep medicine has not distinctly acknowledged the foundational role psychology plays in understanding sleep and circadian rhythms. This Question Paper invites submissions exploring psychology’s profound impact on the study, measurement and intervention strategies in sleep and circadian science, as well as reciprocal influences. Manuscripts may include historiographies of key contributors, laboratory milestones, theoretical advancements and methodological innovations within a historical context. We aim to capture the full scope of sleep psychology from its origins to a vision of its future.

We investigated associations between ‘healthy dietary pattern’ scores, at ages 36, 43, 53 and 60–64 years, and body composition at age 60–64 years among participants from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD). Principal component analyses of dietary data (food diaries) at age 60–64 years were used to calculate diet scores (healthy dietary pattern scores) at each age. Higher scores indicated healthier diets (higher consumption of fruit, vegetables and wholegrain bread). Linear regression was used to investigate associations between diet scores at each age and height-adjusted dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured fat and lean mass measures at age 60–64 years. Analyses, adjusting for sex and other potential confounders (age, smoking history, physical activity and occupational class), were implemented among 692 men and women. At age 43, 53 and 60–64 years, higher diet scores were associated with lower fat mass index (FMI) and android:gynoid fat mass ratio; for example, in fully adjusted analyses, a standard deviation (sd) increase in diet score at age 60–64 years was associated with an SD difference in mean FMI of −0·18 (95 % CI: −0·25, −0·10). In conditional analyses, higher diet scores at ages 43, 53 and 60–64 years (than expected from diet scores at younger ages) were associated with lower FMI and android:gynoid fat mass ratio in fully adjusted analyses. Diet scores at age 36 years had weaker associations with the outcomes considered. No associations regarding appendicular lean mass index were robust after full adjustment. This suggests that improvements in diet through adulthood are linked to beneficial effects on adiposity in older age.

Synthesising knowledge on the health of marine ecosystems and the human activities is crucial to informing holistic marine management. In many coastal states, however, research is conducted in an ad hoc manner and rarely compiled into accessible repositories making it challenging for marine managers to identify knowledge gaps when allocating resources. Here we conduct a structured review of existing literature to identify the current state of marine and coastal knowledge in the Isles of Scilly, an oceanic archipelago in the UK. The archipelago's marine flora and fauna are biogeographically unique in the Northeast Atlantic, with a distinct mosaic of warm and cold temperate habitats and species and are also considered a rare example of a near pristine marine environment in the otherwise highly degraded Northeast Atlantic Ocean. We found 150 sources relating to the marine biodiversity and relevant human activities in the Isles of Scilly with increasing diversification of research topics in recent years. Sources however remain dominated by specific taxa and habitats, suggesting the Isles of Scilly would particularly benefit from future research into: (1) anthropogenic impacts associated with warming waters and intense seasonal vessel activity; (2) development of repeatable survey protocols that can underpin long-term, ecosystem-based monitoring and management (notably for reef and sediment habitats and the European spiny lobster); and (3) data gaps associated with marine teleost fish and elasmobranch communities including identifying core habitat. This review can therefore act as a baseline biological synthesis for the region and importantly, can inform future research priorities.

Background: We tested the hypothesis that delivering remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) with an adjunct tissue reflectance sensor (TRS) device may be feasible in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Methods: AIS patients with neurological deficits within 7 days of symptom onset were screened for moderate to severe cSVD. Eligible patients were randomized 2:1 to receive intervention RIC or sham RIC (7 days). The primary outcome measure was intervention feasibility. It was assessed as an intervention-related comfort by a 5-point Likert scale during each session (1-very uncomfortable, 5-very comfortable). The secondary outcome measure was assessment of TRS derived dermal blood concentration and blood oxygenation changes during RIC. Results: Forty-seven (32 intervention, 15 sham) patients were enrolled at a median (IQR) 39.7 (25-64) hours after symptom onset, with mean±SD age of 75±12 years, 22 (46.8%) were females and median baseline NIHSS of 5(3-7). The Likert scale was 3.5 (3-4) in the intervention group and 4 (4-5) in the sham group. The TRS derived blood concentration and blood oxygenation changes were proportionate in the intervention arm and absent in the sham arm. Conclusions: RIC treatment with TRS is feasible in patients with AIS+cSVD. The efficacy of RIC needs further assessment.