Using a behavioural intervention to target nutrition during pregnancy may be key in meeting recommendations for healthy eating. The aim was to assess the use of a short-term dietary intake measurement tool (3-day food intake record) to infer long-term habitual dietary intake during pregnancy (using a short-form food frequency questionnaire). A convenience sample (n=90) between 12- and 18-weeks’ gestation were recruited from a larger randomised controlled trial for cross-sectional analysis. Participants completed a 44-item food frequency questionnaire and 3-day food intake record. Using the participant food intake record, the investigator blindly completed a second frequency questionnaire. The frequency questionnaires were scored using Dietary Quality Scores (DQS) and compared. Aggregate data were evaluated using a Wilcoxon signed rank test, and individual-level data were evaluated using a Bland-Altman plot. No significant difference was observed in the scores (Z=-1.88, p=0.06), with small effect size (r=0.19). The Bland-Altman plot showed that comparing the DQS derived from the two different dietary assessments underestimated scores by a mean difference of 0.4 points (95% limits of agreement: -3.50 to 4.26). The data points were evenly spread suggesting no systematic variation for over- or underestimation of scores. Minimal difference was observed between the functionality of the two assessment instruments. However, the food intake record can be completed by pregnant individuals to estimate short-term nutrient intake, and then scored by the investigator to estimate long-term dietary quality. Combining these two instruments may best capture the most accurate representation of dietary habits over time.

Multicenter clinical trials are essential for evaluating interventions but often face significant challenges in study design, site coordination, participant recruitment, and regulatory compliance. To address these issues, the National Institutes of Health’s National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences established the Trial Innovation Network (TIN). The TIN offers a scientific consultation process, providing access to clinical trial and disease experts who provide input and recommendations throughout the trial’s duration, at no cost to investigators. This approach aims to improve trial design, accelerate implementation, foster interdisciplinary teamwork, and spur innovations that enhance multicenter trial quality and efficiency. The TIN leverages resources of the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) program, complementing local capabilities at the investigator’s institution. The Initial Consultation process focuses on the study’s scientific premise, design, site development, recruitment and retention strategies, funding feasibility, and other support areas. As of 6/1/2024, the TIN has provided 431 Initial Consultations to increase efficiency and accelerate trial implementation by delivering customized support and tailored recommendations. Across a range of clinical trials, the TIN has developed standardized, streamlined, and adaptable processes. We describe these processes, provide operational metrics, and include a set of lessons learned for consideration by other trial support and innovation networks.

Objectives/Goals: Academic research centers struggle to recruit and retain a diverse, competent clinical and translational science (CTS) workforce. The clinical research professional career pathway is particularly underrecognized among undergraduates, despite offering multiple career opportunities. Methods/Study Population: To address these challenges, two undergraduate outreach programs were developed. First, an undergraduate certificate program in CTS (UC-CTS) was designed to equip students with the skills and knowledge needed to enter the workforce immediately after graduation. Second, a “CTS Roadshow” was launched to build awareness of CTS careers within a variety of undergraduate programs and majors. In this recruitment initiative, principal investigators (PIs) and CRPs visit classrooms to share information about CTS career pathways and offer insights into the roles, responsibilities, and professional opportunities available in the field. Results/Anticipated Results: The UC-CTS program launched in Fall 2024 as a 12-credit certificate that includes two paid internships: one in patient care and one in research. Currently, the program has 5 students enrolled with an anticipated increase in enrollment to 20 students by Spring 2025. Similarly, the CTS Roadshow has reached an increasing number of students each year. Since its inception in Spring 2023, the CTS Roadshow has introduced over 750 undergraduates across 21 courses to CTS careers. The CTS Roadshow has engaged students from a variety of majors, including biology, psychology, medical sciences, legal, finance, accounting, and pre-health programs, increasing awareness of and interest in CTS careers. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Both programs aim to expose students to CTS careers early in their education, better preparing them for full-time CTS roles after graduation. A rise in qualified applicants pursuing CTS careers locally and regionally is expected, improving job satisfaction and retention through enhanced preparation for the career field.

The UK’s Health and Care Act (2022; paused until 2025) includes a globally novel ban on paid-for online advertising of food and beverage products high in saturated fat, salt and sugar (HFSS), to address growing concerns about the scale of digital marketing and its impact in particular on children’s food and beverage preferences, purchases and consumption. This study aimed to understand the potential impact of the novel ban (as proposed in 2020) on specified forms of online HFSS advertising, through the lens of interdisciplinary expertise. We conducted semi-structured interviews via videoconference with eight purposively selected UK and global digital marketing, food and privacy experts. We identified deductive and inductive themes addressing the policy’s scope, design, implementation, monitoring and enforcement through iterative, consensual thematic analyses. Experts felt this novel ‘breakthrough’ policy has potential to substantially impact global marketing by establishing the principle of no HFSS advertising online to consumers of all ages, but they also identified substantive limitations that could potentially render it ‘entirely ineffective’, for example, the exclusion of common forms of digital marketing, especially brand marketing and marketing integrated within entertainment content; virtual/augmented reality, and ‘advertainment’ as particularly likely spaces for rapid growth of digital food marketing; and technical digital media issues that raise significant barriers to effective monitoring and compliance. Experts recommended well-defined regulations with strong enforcement mechanisms. These findings contribute insights for effective design and implementation of global initiatives to limit online HFSS food marketing, including the need for government regulations in place of voluntary industry restrictions.

There is a growing trend for studies run by academic and nonprofit organizations to have regulatory submission requirements. As a result, there is greater reliance on REDCap, an electronic data capture (EDC) widely used by researchers in these organizations. This paper discusses the development and implementation of the Rapid Validation Process (RVP) developed by the REDCap Consortium, aimed at enhancing regulatory compliance and operational efficiency in response to the dynamic demands of modern clinical research. The RVP introduces a structured validation approach that categorizes REDCap functionalities, develops targeted validation tests, and applies structured and standardized testing syntax. This approach ensures that REDCap can meet regulatory standards while maintaining flexibility to adapt to new challenges. Results from the application of the RVP on recent successive REDCap software version releases illustrate significant improvements in testing efficiency and process optimization, demonstrating the project’s success in setting new benchmarks for EDC system validation. The project’s community-driven responsibility model fosters collaboration and knowledge sharing and enhances the overall resilience and adaptability of REDCap. As REDCap continues to evolve based on feedback from clinical trialists, the RVP ensures that REDCap remains a reliable and compliant tool, ready to meet regulatory and future operational challenges.

Environment has long been known to have an impact on the evolution of galaxies, but disentangling its impact from mass evolution requires the careful analysis of statistically significant samples. By implementing cutting-edge visualisation methods to test and validate group-finding algorithms, we utilise a mass-complete sample of galaxies to $z \lt 0.1$ comprised of spectroscopic redshifts from prominent surveys such as the 2-degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey and the Galaxy and Mass Assembly Survey. Utilising our group finding methods, we find 1 413 galaxy groups made up of 8 990 galaxies corresponding to 36% of galaxies associated with group environments. We also search for close pairs, with separations of $r_\mathrm{sep} \lt 50$ $\text{h}^{-1}\text{kpc}$ and $v_\mathrm{sep} \lt 500 \: \text{km s}^{-1}$ within our sample and further classified them into major ($M_{sec}/M_{prim} \leq$ 0.25) and minor ($M_{sec}/M_{prim} \gt $ 0.25) pairs. To examine the impact of environmental factors, we employ bespoke WISE photometry, which facilitates accurate measurements of stellar mass and star formation rates and hence the best possible description of the variation of galaxy properties as a function of the local environment. Our analysis, employing a derived star-forming main sequence relation, reveals that star-formation (SF) within galaxies are pre-processed as a function of group membership. This is evident from the evolution of the star-forming and quenched population of galaxies. We see an increase in the fraction of quiescent galaxies relative to the field as group membership increases, and this excess of quenched galaxies relative to the field is later quantified through the use of the environmental quenching efficiency ($\varepsilon_{env}$) metric. Within the star-forming population, we observe SF pre-processing with the relative difference in specific star formation rates ($\Delta sSFR$), where we see a net decrease in SF as group membership increases, particularly at larger stellar masses. We again quantify this change within the SF population with our star formation deficiency ($\varepsilon_{SFD}$) metric. Our sample of close pairs at low stellar masses exhibit enhanced star formation efficiencies compared to the field, and at larger stellar mass ranges show large deficiencies. Separating the close pairs into major/minors and primary/secondaries reveals SF enhancements projected separation decreases within the minor pairs, this effect is even more pronounced within minor primaries. This research emphasises the importance of carefully studying the properties of galaxies within group environments to better understand the pre-processing of SF within galaxies. Our results show that the small-scale environments of galaxies influence star-forming properties even when stellar masses are kept constant. This demonstrates that galaxies do not evolve in isolation over cosmic time but are shaped by a complex interaction between their internal dynamics and external influences.

This article used text mining processes to map continuity and change in policy principles of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) in Australia and reflect on the underlying agendas of reform. Specifically, this research aimed to: (1) examine the substantive content of the NDIS legislative, operational and reform documentation, (2) assess changes in objects, principles and issues over time, and (3) discuss the implications of these shifting logics and agendas. To achieve this, text mining approaches were applied to ten key NDIS documents from 2011 to 2019.

The findings included a low prevalence of ‘rights’-based terminology, sustained attention to Scheme ‘costs’ but limited latterly attention to ‘sustainability’, and increasing prominence of interpersonal (e.g., ‘family’, ‘community’) and decision-making terminology (e.g., ‘decision’, ‘review’). How these shifts have influenced subsequent proposed reforms is explored and ongoing dilemmas about designing policy that ensures rights and entitlements, while balancing cost, sustainability and consistency are identified.

This paper describes the implementation of curricula for Liberia's first-ever psychiatry training programme in 2019 and the actions of the only two Liberian psychiatrists in the country at the time in developing and executing a first-year postgraduate psychiatry training programme (i.e. residency) with support from international collaborators. It explores cultural differences in training models among collaborators and strategies to synergise them best. It highlights the assessment of trainees’ (residents’) basic knowledge on entry into the programme and how it guided immediate and short-term priority teaching objectives, including integrated training in neuroscience and neurology. The paper describes the strengths and challenges of this approach as well as opportunities for continued growth.

Improving the quality and conduct of multi-center clinical trials is essential to the generation of generalizable knowledge about the safety and efficacy of healthcare treatments. Despite significant effort and expense, many clinical trials are unsuccessful. The National Center for Advancing Translational Science launched the Trial Innovation Network to address critical roadblocks in multi-center trials by leveraging existing infrastructure and developing operational innovations. We provide an overview of the roadblocks that led to opportunities for operational innovation, our work to develop, define, and map innovations across the network, and how we implemented and disseminated mature innovations.

An academic hospital implemented a severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen-test–based strategy to facilitate discontinuation of precautions for patients admitted with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Of 171 patients that underwent antigen testing, 68% had an initial negative test performed a median of 5 days after admission. Antigen testing reduced isolation time by 144 hours.

The 2022 update of the Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations (CSBPR) for Acute Stroke Management, 7th edition, is a comprehensive summary of current evidence-based recommendations, appropriate for use by an interdisciplinary team of healthcare providers and system planners caring for persons with an acute stroke or transient ischemic attack. These recommendations are a timely opportunity to reassess current processes to ensure efficient access to acute stroke diagnostics, treatments, and management strategies, proven to reduce mortality and morbidity. The topics covered include prehospital care, emergency department care, intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), prevention and management of inhospital complications, vascular risk factor reduction, early rehabilitation, and end-of-life care. These recommendations pertain primarily to an acute ischemic vascular event. Notable changes in the 7th edition include recommendations pertaining the use of tenecteplase, thrombolysis as a bridging therapy prior to mechanical thrombectomy, dual antiplatelet therapy for stroke prevention,1 the management of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage following thrombolysis, acute stroke imaging, care of patients undergoing EVT, medical assistance in dying, and virtual stroke care. An explicit effort was made to address sex and gender differences wherever possible. The theme of the 7th edition of the CSBPR is building connections to optimize individual outcomes, recognizing that many people who present with acute stroke often also have multiple comorbid conditions, are medically more complex, and require a coordinated interdisciplinary approach for optimal recovery. Additional materials to support timely implementation and quality monitoring of these recommendations are available at www.strokebestpractices.ca.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Innovations with positive health impact are a high priority for NCATS and CTSAs. Program design that uses the Causal Pathway approach incorporates performance indicators that assess impact. We applied Causal Pathway thinking to an ongoing national program to enhance the evaluation of program impact. We report Lessons Learned. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We conducted a day-long onsite workshop to introduce the model to the project team, build capacity, and map the existing program elements to Logic Models representing program Specific Aims. A local Causal Pathway (CP) champion was identified. Alignment of the Logic Models with the CP approach (input→activities→ outputs→effects/impact) developed iteratively through biweekly, then monthly conferral among stakeholders. Key tasks included distinguishing among activities, outputs, and effects (impacts), and identification of performance indicators for each stage of the Causal Pathway. Visualization tools and an additional late stage half-day workshop were used to foster consensus. Implementation of the CP model tested the feasibility of collecting specific indicators and prompted model revisions. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Program leadership and team members (n = 30) participated in the kick-off workshop. Four Specific Aims were mapped to Logic Models. Multiple Causal Pathway (CP) diagrams, one for each project in the program, were developed and mapped to Aims. Alignment of CP threads to Aims and identification of performance indicators required iteration. CP threads converged onto common final Impacts, sometimes crossing to another Aim. Performance indicators for operations were readily accessible to team members, and less so for impacts. Assumptions about program effects were subjected to specific indicators. Over time, Leadership noticed more expression of CP thinking in daily activities. New projects developed during this period incorporated the CP approach. Teams were able to streamline and simplify Logic/CP models. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Through capacity-building and mentored exercises, an innovation team was able to infuse CP thinking into the evaluation of their ongoing program. The CP approach to design and evaluation maps progress and indicators across the life of a program from initial activities to its ultimate impact.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Upper-extremity (UE) impairment affects 88% of stroke survivors due to dysfunctional shoulder-hand coordination. Patients may be able to grasp with the arm at rest, but unable to grasp in a functional context (eg, from a high shelf) because shoulder use elicits involuntary hand muscle activity. Further, much rehabilitation research is directed at unsuccessful stroke recovery (patients with persistent UE impairment) but very little towards patients who show successful clinical recovery (such as those with mild UE impairment) even though these patients have attained the desired rehabilitation outcome. We examined the neurophysiological trajectory of successful compared to unsuccessful post-stroke recovery in the context of functional UE movements to clearly identify what factors are necessary for successful recovery of functional UE movements after stroke. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We studied 3 populations: (1) mildly-impaired patients, early (at <17 d, 30 d, 90 d, and 180 d) after stroke as a model of successful post-stroke recovery, (2) moderately-impaired, chronic patients (>6-months post stroke) with persistent hand function impairment, as a model of incomplete post-stroke recovery (unsuccessful recovery), and (3) Healthy age-range matched controls. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in all 3 groups at the given time points to measure corticomotor excitability (motor evoked potentials, recruitment curve), corticomotor inhibition (short-interval intracortical inhibition, long-interval intracortical inhibition), and intracortical facilitation of hand muscles with the shoulder positioned in different degrees of flexion or abduction (these shoulder positions are known to elicit involuntary, undesired hand muscle activation, which leads to UE dysfunction and impairment in individuals with stroke). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Data collection are in process and will be presented. Preliminary data from controls shows that corticomotor excitability of selected hand muscles is affected by changes in shoulder position. Preliminary findings in controls are consistent with clinical findings in stroke that certain shoulder positions elicit involuntary and undesired hand muscle activation, leading to UE dysfunction and disability. Findings from the stroke groups will be presented. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: We hypothesize that this centrally-facilitated coupling between shoulder and hand muscles is disrupted after stroke, which may play a central role in the inability of patients to perform functional UE movements. By comparing the TMS metrics in mildly-impaired Versus moderately-impaired chronic patients, we will be able to identify the longitudinal change in neurophysiology underlying shoulder-hand coordination that is associated with successful or unsuccessful clinical recovery of UE function after stroke. Thus, these findings will help us distinguish between the neurophysiology underlying successful from unsuccessful UE recovery leading to more mechanism-based interventions for UE dysfunction post stroke in the future.