We describe the effect that terror has on international tourism flows. Studies yield very different results. We show in our survey that this is due to the perspective taken – specific single attacks versus the entire history of attacks in a country, selected countries versus a comprehensive set of countries – and the time frame under consideration. While high-profile attacks may have large impact effects, on average terror has mild effects that however may be relatively persistent. We survey the most important contributions and point out the relative strengths and difficulties that the different methodological approaches entail.

To demonstrate the generalizability of the theory beyond US–Soviet nuclear arms control, Chapter 5 examines three cases: the 1999 Lahore Declaration between India and Pakistan, the 1979 Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel, and negotiations between the United States and Iran in 2009–2015. The India–Pakistan case reveals how political shifts can motivate states to hedge previously informal cooperation with low monitoring agreements. The Egypt–Israel and US–Iran cases demonstrate how uncertainty following leadership transitions and public demonstrations can lead highly adversarial states to take a risk on cooperation, but using agreements with intrusive verification measures. While other factors, including third-party mediation, relative power, and crises, also contributed to these outcomes, the evidence indicates that domestic political volatility had distinct effects on agreement timing and design. The findings challenge alternative explanations based on incremental trust-building and socialization. As the cases span different regions, time periods, and types of military competition, they validate the broader applicability of the book’s theoretical framework linking domestic political volatility and uncertainty to arms control agreement design.

In his ambitious project of a genetic social psychology, Charis Psaltis proposes to integrate various strands of psychology around a case study, along the tripartite concepts of sociogenesis, microgenesis and ontogenesis. The case study is that of Cyprus and its long-standing division, and the analysis aims at integrating the sociogenesis of the social representations of the outgroup – Greek Cypriots vs Turkish Cypriots, the microgenesis of intergroup contacts and the ontogenetic narrative of his own biographical trajectory. In this chapter I first propose to retrace three variations of the tripartite model, and I highlight conceptual ambiguities they maintain around the issues of affects and their model of the subject. Second, I indicate how sociocultural psychology has developed in parallel to the genetic social psychology proposed, and how both approaches seem to concur on the importance of studying complex case studies. Third, drawing on the two previous points, I emphasise the role of affects in the case study reported by Psaltis, and I argue that it needs an adequate model of the person. I finally conclude than a better integration of the two lines of theorisation may lead us to a richer theory of human development.

Examines a variety of content domains involved in conversational remembering, including topic selection, case studies, source memory, storytelling, planning, repair, time duration, personal content, requests, lectures, inferences, surnames, interference effects, common ground, marital interactions, and mood.

Now equipped with broader participant samples and more diverse stimuli, we can create Big Data experiments. This chapter reviews research methods involved in running Big Data surveys and experiments. The chapter discusses overt and covert measurements that we can collect via online experiments. The chapter then discusses practical logistics to keep in mind when running a Big Data experiment, including experimental design decisions, and a behind-the-scenes look at how data is saved online via server-side coding. Next, once you have the data from an experiment, how do you clean the data and how do you visualize it? The chapter ends with discussion on the ethical implications of collecting covert measures and the useful applications of web-coding skills to create public-facing websites.

Intracultural ethnographic research involves studying the flows of culture(s) in all its different expressions – national, occupational, functional, and so on – as they function, co-evolve, and affect the day-to-day lives of individuals within a single organization. The focus here is on the internal organizational challenges and dynamics that are ubiquitous to such complex cultural contexts as foreign direct investments, cross-national mergers and acquisitions, and international joint ventures. The micro context of these kinds of organizations is in fact the global meeting ground where people experience the everyday challenges of working with diverse Others in today’s culturally complex world. Part I of this book explores the challenges and opportunities facing organizations when there are competing national cultural assumptions around how work is done, language differences, and multiple sources of power and influence.

This chapter describes how conceptual learning is mediated by interactions, the environment and a range of semiotic modes. Using a case study approach, Illustration of Practice 3.1 presents four-year-old children’s dance-play and drawing-telling as exemplars of powerful forms of meaning-making and communication. The nexus between theory and practice is illustrated through an innovative model that supports children’s creative dance improvisation and experimentation, and links to graphic and narrative modes. Children’s sophisticated levels of thinking, feeling and relating are addressed, and the role of the teacher is foregrounded with regards to supporting transformative learning outcomes for young children.

This chapter provides a detailed overview of the broad theoretical framework developed for the book. It begins by reviewing the extensive literature on climate change policy adoption and argues that existing theories have been overly focused on mitigation policies in the Global North. It details the broad-based analytical framework which guides the case study analysis and which incorporates considerations of: (a) countries’ vulnerability to climate change impacts; (b) international engagement on the issue of loss and damage; (c) national institutional factors; and (d) the role of ideas, including knowledge and norms. The chapter delves into each element of the framework and discusses the limitations of the research design. It then turns to describing the book’s abductive and iterative methodological approach, which moves between existing theoretical propositions and data gathered through the analysis of law and policy documents and more than seventy-five interviews with national stakeholders across the case studies. The chapter concludes by highlighting the epistemic value of the book’s approach, which has involved partnering with researchers in the Global South to co-develop, undertake, and write up the research.

Advancing the emerging field of comparative climate governance and policymaking, this book explores national loss and damage policymaking through seven empirically grounded studies of loss and damage governance across vulnerable countries in the Global South. The introductory chapter sets the scene by presenting the key themes, research questions, and contributions of the book. Following an introduction to the concept of loss and damage from climate change impacts and its emergence at the international level, the chapter argues for a political science of loss and damage that is sensitive to the “national turn” in research on loss and damage governance. The chapter then presents the seven country case studies featured in the book including Small Island Developing States, least developed countries, and emerging economies: Tuvalu, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Peru, and Chile. The case studies show variation in the way countries engage with loss and damage, highlighting the importance of national contexts in understanding the success and/or failure of policymaking. The chapter concludes with a summary of key themes and findings emerging from the case studies and discusses ways in which they advance our understanding of climate policy.