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How can we draw reliable conclusions from limited and imperfect data? This textbook offers a clear and accessible guide to the principles behind scientific inference, showing how a unifying framework connects fields as diverse as Earth science, medical imaging, non-destructive testing, meteorology, climate research, and machine learning. It presents both classical and modern methods for solving real-world inference problems, with practical guidance on evaluating the reliability of results and understanding their uncertainties. Designed as both a learning resource and a long-term reference, the book balances depth with clarity. Hands-on computational exercises throughout help readers translate ideas into practice, strengthen their intuition and build confidence in tackling their own data challenges. It is ideal for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as researchers and professionals, across many disciplines, from environmental science and medical imaging to climate research, machine learning, and economics.
Foreign investments may play a pivotal role in promoting the sustainable development of Africa. This book charts Africa's investment law revolution through the lens of the continent's Renaissance. It provides a rigorous and critical examination of how the continent is reshaping the rules of engagement. In many respects, African States and organizations have been extremely proactive and innovative in reforming investment treaties. They have continuously sought to strike a balance between, on the one hand, the effective protection of foreign investments, both in substantive and procedural terms, and, on the other hand, the legitimate exercise by the host State of its regulatory powers. These efforts have resulted in legal instruments that now feature important provisions on environmental protection, human rights, corporate social responsibility, labour standards, and public health.
Misuses of Comparative Law in International Development examines how comparative law has been deployed by international organizations, governments, and NGOs to legitimize legal reforms that entrench inequality and reinforce power hierarchies. These reforms often align development agendas with neoliberal and authoritarian logics. The book exposes the flawed assumptions—such as convergence, efficiency, and legalism-that underpin transnational reform projects like the World Bank's indicators and the harmonization initiatives of the EU and OECD. It shows how these frameworks misrepresent local contexts and silence alternative legal traditions. Introducing a new typology of misuse-from cannibalization to epistemic impoverishment—it reveals how comparative law frequently operates as a tool of domination rather than emancipation. Bridging critique and utopia, the book re-characterizes these misuses as social constructions and reimagines comparative law as a vehicle for equitable, context-sensitive, and redistributive legal reform.
Forgotten Hills is a book about lost geographies. It is about how the subordination of mountainous Tibet to lowland China meant the erasure of the hills between, and how the legal, environmental, and social transformations of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries hardened boundaries between Tibetan, Chinese, and Muslim peoples, obscuring the histories and practices that had bound hill folk together for generations. Wesley B. Chaney tells the story of this transformation by exploring small communities on the ferociously complex “mid-slope”—the hills along the northeastern edges of the Tibetan Plateau. Drawing from legal cases, genealogies, and Tibetan-language histories, Forgotten Hills illustrates how disputes over traditional landholding regimes erupted into violent conflict over resources and ethnic and religious identity. The ethno-politics that define modern China, this book reveals, arose from the legal disputes and everyday politics of the now forgotten hills.
Unlike conventional narratives of 'state failure' and its conceptual avatars, the volume analyses the remains of states whose populations had been torn apart by prolonged and violent conflicts and whose rulers lost the monopoly over the means of coercion and the capacity to implement public policies. Focusing on Lebanon since the civil war of the 1970s and 80s, Syria since the repression of the 'Arab spring' in 2011, and Iraq since the 1991 and 2003 wars, it provides a systematic explanation of the continuous, if precarious, survival of these states which draws on international recognition, access to resources, institutional arrangements, and societal ties alongside societal cleavages. In the process, States under Stress defends a definition of the state based on claims to statehood.
The third of three volumes, the four sections of this book cover a variety of issues important to analyzing data to produce high-quality, accurate conclusions from already-collected data. First, leading scholars from around the world provide a step-by-step guide to using several popular quantitative and qualitative statistical programs used throughout the social and behavioral sciences. The next section focused on several important considerations for preparing data for analysis. Many of these directly affect the quality of the data and the resulting conclusions, In the remainder of chapters, the various authors focus on various advanced statistical techniques. In section three, the focus is on those related to quantitative analysis. Section four then focuses on analyzing qualitative data. Throughout the book, examples and real-world research efforts from dozens of different disciplines are discussed. In addition, authors often provide example data and analytical code to facilitate learning of and application of each concept.
Billions flow through illicit trade annually, harming societies and economies, yet the International Community struggle to respond effectively. This book provides a groundbreaking, integrated perspective, bridging the divide between Public International Law and WTO Law to offer a cohesive strategy against illicit trade. It starts by proposing a much-needed definition and innovative typologies – like per se vs de facto – to systematically understand the phenomenon. Real-world case studies and analysis of state regulatory measures illustrate the practical challenges. The author critiques the WTO's evasive stance, dissecting key dispute settlement cases, and introduces the concept of 'International Law Against Illicit Trade' (ILAIT) based on established legal principles. Offering more than mere critique, the book culminates in specific, actionable proposals for WTO reform, making a compelling case for adapting trade rules to fight illicit trade effectively. This book is a vital resource for anyone involved in international trade law and policy.
This textbook is a digestible yet authoritative introduction to the foundations of quantum field theory, making use of explicit notation and step-by-step reasoning. While many QFT texts serve as a reference for practitioners, a compendium of applications, and a review of recent research, this textbook focuses solely on introducing the subject. The tools necessary to canonically quantize scalar and electromagnetic fields are built from the ground up, going all the way to the renormalization group. This textbook tackles fundamental topics that are frequently passed over, such as the interpretation of a quantum field, the cluster decomposition principle, and spontaneous symmetry breaking at the quantum level. More than a hundred problems are included, with selected solutions being made available to instructors. Written primarily for beginning graduate students taking their first course in QFT, this standalone textbook features detailed mathematical derivations and conceptual justifications.
Addressing water insecurity through increased investment in water infrastructure and technologies has become a key priority in several arid and water scarce countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Yet, advancing water security is not solely technological - it also has profound law and policy implications. Given the implication of water security for sanitation, food, energy, land, human rights, peace and conflict prevention in the region, holistic legal and institutional frameworks that advance the sustainable management of water resources across all sectors are essential. This book offers a comprehensive and authoritative account of the guiding principles and rules on water in the MENA region. It introduces readers to the applicable legislation, institutions and rules underpinning the design, approval, financing and application of water infrastructure and technologies across the MENA region. It concludes with reflections and recommendations on legal and regulatory innovations that can help unlock sustainable and rights-based implementation of water law and policy in the MENA region.
This book presents an accessible approach to an emerging theory of picture groups. Intended for graduate students and researchers, it explains the connections between several branches of algebra and topology, and demonstrates how they interact. It begins with foundational material on modulated quivers and their representations, cluster categories, and semi-invariants. The text then develops virtual analogues of classical results, allowing dimension vectors with negative coordinates. Finally, it defines the notion of a picture group associated to a semi-invariant picture, also introducing picture spaces which are CW-complexes constructed from semi-invariant pictures. For quivers of type $A_n$ the key theorem draws on K-theory and states that the associated picture space is a $K(G(A_n) , 1)$ connected CW-complex for the corresponding group $G(A_n)$ associated with the same quiver.
This Handbook provides the first comprehensive examination of the legal strategies around the world shaping sustainability in global value chains. Bringing together leading scholars, it maps how diverse legal disciplines (including corporate law, labour law, tax law, tort law, private law, environmental law, international law and more) conceptualise and regulate the complex architectures of cross-border production. Through a unifying analytical framework, the book reveals how fragmented regulatory approaches can complement one another, and how legal tools may address the environmental, social, and economic challenges that global production networks create and sustain. Covering jurisdictions across the globe and engaging with emerging regulatory instruments such as due diligence laws, sustainability reporting obligations, climate transition plans, and international taxation initiatives, this Handbook offers an indispensable resource for academics, policymakers, practitioners, and students concerned with responsible business conduct and sustainable development. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Groups, and the ways in which they function, are of fundamental importance to human life. This engaging textbook offers a comprehensive introduction to group processes for students across the social sciences. Covering topics such as social influence, leadership, creativity, and intergroup relations, this book blends foundational work with up-to-date research to help students navigate the key theories and principles in a wide variety of contexts. Designed with teaching and learning in mind, each chapter features an outline, a chapter summary, review and discussion questions, and suggested multimedia and further reading resources. Recurring box features provide opportunities for deeper engagement with the issues raised. With an interdisciplinary focus throughout, this textbook is an ideal resource for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in psychology, as well as courses in business, communication, and related fields.
What is the moral foundation of human rights, justice, and the rule of law? In a time of deep cultural and political division, this volume charts the rich history of one of the most enduring ideas in Western thought: that moral and legal norms are rooted in human nature and accessible to reason. Spanning ancient, medieval, early modern, and contemporary traditions-including Islamic and African-American perspectives-the volume shows how Natural Law has evolved and how it continues to shape debates in ethics, politics, and jurisprudence. With chapters on Aristotle, Aquinas, Grotius, Locke, and the American Founders, as well as modern voices like Jacques Maritain and Martin Luther King, it offers both historical depth and philosophical clarity. Essential reading for students and scholars in philosophy, law, theology, and political theory, it invites readers to rediscover a tradition that speaks urgently to the moral challenges of our time.
In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith set out a system for understanding why some societies prosper and others do not, and in the process founded the discipline of economics. In the 250 years since its publication, the world has transformed beyond recognition. Smith has also been reduced in the collective imagination to little more than a byword for the free market. The Wealth of Nations at 250 brings together today's most influential economists and economic historians to ask where Smith's system still holds, and where it needs new machinery. The task of rethinking what causes prosperity demands a return to the breadth of Smith's original vision, incorporating the cultural, institutional, and political foundations as well as the economic. Written in the spirit of Smith's own clarity, the book speaks to anyone interested in how and why nations prosper. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The complex and often controversial female characters of Euripidean tragedy have long attracted critical attention and creative engagement. In Euripides' Women, Sarah Olsen enriches our understanding of these figures by focusing on their relationships with one another. Attending to scenes of female intimacy, she argues that these encounters invite audiences to imagine alternatives to the lives and narratives unfolding within a given play. Through readings of Helen, Andromache, Hecuba, Hippolytus, Phoenician Women, and Trojan Women, Olsen traces how such moments generate new trajectories within and across familiar mythic and dramatic traditions. Combining queer and feminist perspectives with literary and performance-based modes of analysis, Euripides' Women identifies female relationships as a vital source of imaginative and theatrical possibility in Greek tragedy.
What exactly are viewers or audiences expected to appreciate when language is put on display? What kinds of ideologies about language underpin such displays? Does language operate differently when it becomes the intended object of display as opposed to when it is being used for regular communication? Language is often 'invisible' because we use it without thinking too much about it. The study of language on display makes the invisible visible. Drawing on examples of the display of language in multiple contexts: museums, exhibitions, contests, celebrations, this book analyses cases where language is deliberately offered up as an object for contemplation, entertainment, and even decoration; language as spectacle in and of itself. It provides an innovative theorisation that shows how the subjectification process involved – where people are treated more as viewers than users – entrenches an objectivist understanding of language. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
The Late Ramesside Letters comprise over seventy surviving texts from the end of Egypt's New Kingdom, created by a community living around the Medinet Habu temple complex in western Thebes. These letters reveal how individuals negotiated varied social relationships and communicative norms, including interactions with the divine. By applying frameworks from (Im)politeness Research – such as Discernment Politeness, Facework, Politic Behaviour, Frame Theory, and Ritual – it is possible to reconstruct the underlying (im)politeness system that shaped all communication within this community. This approach highlights how specific linguistic patterns supported social harmony, managed tensions, and facilitated obligations to both people and gods. The analysis also identifies emerging phenomena that require new theoretical directions, such as the unique strategies used to maintain relationships with deities. Ultimately, the letters demonstrate that Power permeated every level of interaction, and its centrality within this linguaculture challenges modern assumptions about how Power operates in contemporary societies.
This book rethinks how we understand tyrannical rule in the ancient world. Challenging the conventional notion of tyranny as a uniform model of autocracy, it reveals a spectrum of tyrannical types – or patterns – based on language, behavior, and storytelling in Greek historians. Drawing on literary, archaeological, and epigraphic evidence, it employs a historical-anthropological approach to show how Greek authors constructed and debated the image of the tyrant. Ranging from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period and from mainland Greece and Asia Minor to the Black Sea region, North Africa, and southern Italy and Sicily, Marcaline Boyd situates these portrayals in their wider historiographic and historical contexts. She highlights how tyranny intersected with political authority, legitimacy, and moral order. The book illuminates the diversity, instability, and narrative construction of tyrannical power, offering fresh insight into the complexity of Greek political history and thought.
The study of complex systems has expanded rapidly in recent decades, driving the development of powerful techniques that can be applied across a wide range of disciplines. The growing philosophical examination of complexity alongside scientific advances offers profound and far-reaching insights. This book delves into the philosophy of complexity, supported by interdisciplinary examples. It opens with a concise introduction to the concepts of stability and information, as well as the necessary mathematical formalism. A range of fascinating topics are then explored, including the nature and meaning of complexity, deterministic chaos, coarse graining, scale invariance, network science, machine learning, and complex mental dynamics. These areas are linked to challenging topics in philosophical discourse, such as interlevel relations, notions of meaning, action and agency, creative insight, and understanding. This text will be of interest to students and researchers studying complex systems across a range of disciplines, from physics to cognitive science.