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Michelangelo's Gifts tells the story of the artist's most intimate relationships and his deepest political commitments in the last decades of his life. The first study in over forty years of his relationship with his beloved, Tommaso de' Cavalieri, and the first in English, it is also the first comprehensive investigation of Michelangelo's gift-giving practices. Maria Ruvoldt here examines the evolution of Michelangelo's gift-giving strategies and their meanings from 1532, when Michelangelo's introduction to Cavalieri initiated his most extensive cycle of gifts of drawings and poetry, to the artist's death in 1564, which was preceded by a series of politically motivated gifts, including large-scale sculptures. Ruvoldt argues that Michelangelo's gift-giving was a response to the forces that shaped his career. She demonstrates that we can locate the origins of contemporary ideas about artistic autonomy, celebrity, and what constitutes an authentic work of art through the history of the creation and reception of Michelangelo's gifts.
Throughout the world, in liberal states, it is common to use prenatal selection techniques and procedures which can prevent the birth of a disabled child. A common assumption is that this practice is driven by individual choice, and that the state itself is neutral. If instead the state was not neutral, this would raise fears of eugenics. The purpose of this book is to test this common assumption. While there is extensive literature on the ethics of selecting against disability, this book proposes a different starting point based on an analysis of the state's position. Through an examination of liberal theory, and a review of concrete examples of state practice, it sheds new light on our society's commitment to the equality of disabled people and the equality of women.
Critical Evidence taps into a growing body of scholarship that demonstrates evidence law is fundamentally about power, setting the boundaries of whose voices will be heard and what types of knowledge will be cognizable in courts of law in the United States. The book brings together leading and emerging Critical Evidence scholars to examine the major rules that govern admissibility in court, from relevancy to hearsay to privileges. These scholars show that many such rules are not neutral as constructed or applied, but, in fact, privilege insiders at the expense of outsiders, namely poor people, women, people of color, disabled people, and LGBTQ+ people. Through a close reading of rules and doctrine, Critical Evidence shows that evidence law must and should change in order to serve as a system that promotes truth, justice and fairness for all in the American legal system.
In today's interconnected world, international crimes and serious human rights violations are rarely committed without the crucial support of secondary actors – be they individuals, corporations, or States. This is the first book to analyze how these secondary actors may be held legally responsible for contributing to such crimes. Drawing on a six-year international research collaboration, it brings together the work of 44 legal scholars to examine and compare diverse approaches to secondary liability across criminal law, civil law, human rights law, and State responsibility. Real-world examples – such as arms trading and financial support – illuminate the complex realities of complicity. The book stands out for its clear identification of legal concepts, its rigorous evaluation and comparison of existing laws against human rights and theoretical underpinnings, and its recommendations to recalibrate the law of secondary liability to bolster legal certainty and for the protection of human rights. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
This practical guide to Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) covers the history and supporting theory, through to the most recent empirical evidence and practical aspects of delivery. The structure of IPT is covered in detail, allowing practitioners to use the book as a thorough guide to delivering therapy in their clinical practice. Numerous case studies are included to help readers learn through examples, as well as the key applications of IPT to a variety of disorders, including perinatal depression, social anxiety, bipolar disorder and eating disorders. An overview of various adaptations of the therapy for applications in different populations and settings is also covered, allowing the clinician to tailor therapy to different settings. Part of the Cambridge Guides to the Psychological Therapies series, offering all the latest scientifically rigorous and practical information on a range of key, evidence-based psychological interventions for clinicians.
Transnational repression, understood as the extraterritorial repressive actions by states against members of their national community abroad, has become a global phenomenon. Several trends and developments, including cross-border migration, technological advances, and democratic backsliding, suggest that acts of transnational repression are likely to increase further in the future. Importantly, transnational repression is not exclusively driven by autocracies: Liberal states also contribute to those challenges when they question the legitimacy of international institutions or when they engage in outright acts of transnational repression themselves. Covering more than a dozen countries from both the Global North and the Global South, this volume explores transnational repression along three dimensions. First, what are the motives for states to engage in transnational repression (the 'why')? Second, what instruments and tactics do states employ when engaging in acts of transnational repression (the 'how')? Third, what are the implications and consequences of transnational repression (the 'so what')?
Misuses of Comparative Law in International Development examines how comparative law has been deployed by international organizations, governments, and NGOs to legitimize legal reforms that entrench inequality and reinforce power hierarchies. These reforms often align development agendas with neoliberal and authoritarian logics. The book exposes the flawed assumptions—such as convergence, efficiency, and legalism-that underpin transnational reform projects like the World Bank's indicators and the harmonization initiatives of the EU and OECD. It shows how these frameworks misrepresent local contexts and silence alternative legal traditions. Introducing a new typology of misuse-from cannibalization to epistemic impoverishment—it reveals how comparative law frequently operates as a tool of domination rather than emancipation. Bridging critique and utopia, the book re-characterizes these misuses as social constructions and reimagines comparative law as a vehicle for equitable, context-sensitive, and redistributive legal reform.
A timeless tale of a heroic character's journey through life, Homer's Odyssey has captured the imagination of readers from antiquity to the present day. Michael Cosmopoulos approaches this epic, together with the Iliad, not as remote works of literature, but as a living record of human experience shaped by war, loss, memory, and survival. He offers a poignant exploration of the aspects and consequences of war as captured in the Odyssey, including trauma, leadership and politics, human relations, religion and fate, and the struggle to return home and rebuild after upheaval. Cosmopoulos also situates both the Iliad and the Odyssey within the social conditions and the material realities of Greek society during the Aegean Bronze Age. Based on decades of archaeological field work and study of classical antiquity, and written in an accessible style, his book powerfully demonstrates how the poetry of ancient Greece preserves collective memory across the generations – and why these poems still speak to modern readers.
Imagining Transitional Justice contends that reflective narratives encompass conceptualisations of the processes of (re)building lives and societies after war and genocide. It shows how narratives produced slowly in and through the arts and law construct meaning and operationalise the notions of truth, justice, healing and reconciliation in the wake of the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda and Yugoslav Wars. In doing so, this book contributes to the ongoing task of theorising transitional justice and establishing shared meanings of the core concepts of the field. The book analyses stories and encounters that imagine different futures through methods of 'law and literature'. Four case studies bring together creative narratives, such as a novel or film, and legal cases from the ICTY and ICTR. The book locates legal and creative narratives as part of knowledge production, reflecting on their critical potential in transitional justice.
Pluralism in economics is the view that modern approaches to studying economic phenomena are too restrictive. It is an important issue within the development of the discipline as many approaches that were once deemed to be outside the mainstream have now become part of the consensus, e.g. game theory, behavioural economics, and information economics. Pluralism and Complexity explores the philosophical background to pluralism and shows how this can be applied to modern economics. It examines key moments like the Keynesian Revolution and the New Classical counter-revolution to show how different 'epistemic visions' arise from fundamentally different ways of handling and simplifying complexity. Examining the history of aggregate economic analysis, this book argues that the propagation of a dogmatic view of science by political and self-interested elites creates a severe deficit of pluralism in macroeconomic research and offers suggestions for reversing this dangerous trend in economics and beyond.
This book examines a group of mostly Social Democratic resisters and emigres whose biographies from the Nazi seizure of power until the defeat and occupation of Germany caused a radical change in the constitutional politics of postwar West Germany. Most notably, they embraced the idea of a 'militant democracy' in which the free democratic order would be protected from democracy's supposedly self-destructive proclivities by banning extremist parties and organizations from the political arena and empowering what is arguably the strongest constitutional court in the world to review legislation, enforce militant democracy and generally act as a 'guardian of the constitution.' This was an antifascist response to popular support for the German dictatorship and its worst crimes. In the postwar, these anti-Nazis empowered courts to review legislation as a way to try Nazi war criminals and purge Nazi ideology from German law.
The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately harmed members of already disadvantaged and vulnerable communities. Focusing on five communities in the US with comparative data from other countries – children, older adults, women, people of color, and those who are incarcerated – The Unequal Pandemic explains why. The book points to the inadequacies of the public policies adopted to respond to the pandemic, evaluating their effectiveness and compliance with ethical norms and human rights obligations. By assessing the failures of the responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, the book outlines needed policy changes to rectify current disparities and respond more effectively in future health emergencies.
Camp Ford's Civil War tells the story of Union and Confederate soldiers and civilians, enslaved people and refugees, and the natural world around them during the Civil War. The focal point is a ten-acre piece of land where nearly 5,000 Union prisoners of war sat out of battle while fighting their own distinctive kind of war. The narrative also explains the conflict in the wider southern Trans-Mississippi theater, a place that remains in the historical and historiographical shadow of the Civil War elsewhere. This is a story of what became of the largest prisoner of war camp west of the Mississippi River, but it is also a story about the war in the 200 mile radius around the prison camp - the geographic medium in and through which a remarkably diverse range of human and non-human communities swirled and overlapped to create a fascinating, if understudied, narrative of the Civil War.
Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudohistorical History of the Kings of Britain (c. 1138) became one of medieval Europe's most popular and successful creations. Here, Jaakko Tahkokallio explores its high-medieval reception through a detailed examination of its extensive manuscript corpus. Geoffrey's pseudohistorical text introduced King Arthur and the prophet Merlin to European literature. Previous research has often portrayed Geoffrey's work as a radical departure from mainstream Latin historiography and emphasised its connections to emerging vernacular courtly literature. The evidence scrutinised in this book – the manuscripts' production histories, material characteristics, and marginalia – presents a challenge to this received wisdom, indicating instead that Geoffrey's History largely corresponded to, rather than challenged, the expectations of its medieval readers for historical texts. In its combination of fabulous and controversial content with the traditional form of Latin historical writing, it appealed to an extraordinary range of contemporary readers.
Anarchism is often assumed to stand outside constitutionalism, yet it forms a significant, if overlooked, tradition of constitutional thought. Addressing global constitutional crises and the impasses of state-centred politics, this book brings anarchism into productive dialogue with constitutional, political and international theory. At its core is a reconstruction of anarchist social theory grounded in an ontology of anarchy shaped by European social science and republican concerns with dividing and balancing power. These ideas were reinterpreted by major anarchist thinkers - from Proudhon to Lucy Parsons, and from Tolstoy to Kōtoku Shūsui - who advanced decentralised, federalist alternatives to imperial and hierarchical orders. Combining intellectual history with co-produced research alongside anarchist groups, Constitutionalising Anarchy shows how constitutional practices developed within militant labour unions, protest movements and cooperatives across the twentieth century. It reconsiders anarchy, constitutionalism and the possibilities of political organisation. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Volume II offers an authoritative new guide to life in the Crusader States of the Levant and the Eastern Mediterranean. Across nineteen chapters, leading experts explore how the crusaders not only imposed their own ideas and practices on the Levant but also adapted to its diverse landscapes and societies. With a strong emphasis on material culture, this volume offers a series of interpretative essays covering medicine, law, intellectual life and religious practice, while also providing a fresh treatment of topics including warfare, castles, the Military Orders, art, architecture, archaeology, and many aspects of daily life.
The relation of mind and body is a longstanding puzzle in philosophy. This book explores how mind-body problems show up in contemporary biomedicine and psychiatry through dualistic models and metaphors that shape clinical practice. It discusses how the resultant tensions and contradictions that plague healthcare can be resolved. This begins with disentangling the knots that constitute the mind-body problem and applying ideas from systems biology, cognitive science, and anthropology to understand mind, consciousness, and agency as processes that emerge from embodied engagements with a social world. The text takes the reader on a journey across diverse clinical situations to consider: the power of multilevel systems theory; problems of knowledge, truth, and explanation in psychiatry; the mechanisms of placebo effects and hypnotic suggestion; the role of stories in constructing the self; the power and limits of imagination; and the prospects for an integrative view of the person in health and illness.
Interest in social networks – patterns of relations between social actors such as individuals, corporations, and countries – has grown in the last decade, and analysis of longitudinal network data has moved forward strongly. Social networks often change; understanding this process, where changes lead to other changes, requires tools that can uncover the rules driving these changes. In 'Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models for Longitudinal Networks,' Tom A. B. Snijders and Christian Steglich bring together the first comprehensive textbook on the Stochastic Actor-Oriented Model (SAOM), a leading method for analyzing dynamic network data. They present the diverse SAOM variants developed over the past three decades, covering the co-evolution of networks and actor attributes as well as the co-evolution of multiple one-mode and two-mode networks. Providing a foundation for applying the methods as well as advice for problems encountered in practice, this book offers a detailed guide into the best practices of modeling longitudinal network data.
Singapore Mandarin represents a distinct and dynamic variety shaped by local multilingualism and global influences. This comprehensive study offers the most up-to-date linguistic description of contemporary Singapore Mandarin, drawing on a decade's worth of natural spoken and written data. Through rigorous quantitative and qualitative analyses, it systematically examines the variety's distinctive lexical, grammatical, and discourse features, revealing it as an inclusive and evolving system. Expanding beyond Putonghua comparisons, the analysis incorporates perspectives from Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Malaysia Mandarin, offering a broader perspective on regional variations. A sociolinguistic survey of native speakers further enriches the study with insights into language attitudes, ideologies, and usage trends. By documenting how external sociocultural factors and internal innovations drive linguistic change, the book advances global understandings of Mandarin variation. As a significant contribution to Chinese linguistics, World Chineses, language contact, and multilingualism studies, this work is essential reading for linguists, educators, and policymakers.
Major depressive disorder is not a single, uniform condition. Different causes of depression produce distinct symptom patterns, creating discrete subtypes. The human capacity for mood variation evolved because it once offered adaptive benefits, but rapid cultural change has created a mismatch between ancestral and modern environments, making some traits that used to be beneficial maladaptive in contemporary environments. An evolutionary framework suggests that systemic inflammation, chronic stress, and gut dysbiosis can intensify symptoms and prolong adaptive mood states into maladaptive depression episodes.This book demonstrates that lifestyle interventions can be effective in both preventing and treating depression. After critically evaluating current treatments, Markus J. Rantala and Severi Luoto argue for individualized treatment approaches. They propose a new hypothesis for depression founded in evolutionary science. Written for researchers, clinicians, and informed readers, the book challenges how depression is currently diagnosed and treated.