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Politicians in young democracies face a dilemma when it comes to investing in state capacity. On the one hand, investments in bureaucratic competence can aid policy implementation. On the other hand, such investments can reduce bureaucratic loyalty, thereby undermining politicians' ability to secure votes through targeted distribution. In The Co-opted State, Sarah Brierley argues that to resolve this dilemma, politicians will recruit bureaucrats through procedures that reward merit but retain tools to control bureaucrats' career progression. She demonstrates how political incentives and career control tools shape public service delivery, often to the detriment of good governance. Drawing on rich fieldwork in Ghana and literature from across the world, Brierley challenges conventional wisdom about state capacity and meritocracy and offers a guide for understanding why seemingly well-designed systems often yield disappointing results, and what can be done to fix them. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Clouds, in their various forms, are a vital part of our lives. The second edition of this comprehensive textbook includes new tables, colour figures, and updates taking into account recent research. It discusses cloud types and their effects on climate, including the Earth's energy budget and the hydrological cycle. These depend on processes on the cloud microphysical scale, encompassing the formation of cloud droplets, ice crystals and precipitation, as well as on the stability and dynamics of the large-scale environment and availability of aerosol particles. Chapters cover fundamentals of atmospheric thermodynamics, radiation, storms, and climate intervention. Supplementary problem sets and multiple-choice questions for each chapter are available. Combining mathematical formulations with qualitative explanations of the underlying concepts, this book requires relatively little previous knowledge, making it ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in atmospheric science and related disciplines. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
From the 1920s to the 1960s in Cuba, against the backdrop of revolutions, new constitutions, and rampant inequality, the Cuban Communist Party stood out as an unparalleled space for Black political leadership, activism, and advocacy. This party, led by Black political actors, including labor leaders, members of Black fraternal organizations and the Black intelligentsia, fought for an end to racial discrimination and used their voices to advocate for true equality. Analyzing US government surveillance records, Cuban newspapers, government records, party pamphlets, and more, Kaitlyn D. Henderson illustrates how the Cuban Communist Party created a unique space for an expression of Cuban Black nationalism and how communist parties in the western hemisphere strayed from traditional Marxist ideology. An important corrective, this book sheds light on the overlooked history of Black Communist leaders who fought for equality before the Revolution changed everything.
Recent observations of the afterglow of the Big Bang, commonly referred to as the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, have greatly advanced our understanding of the early Universe and have helped reinforce the observational foundations of modern cosmology. This volume provides a comprehensive pedagogical overview of all aspects of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation. Topics covered include theory, current observations, instrumentation, statistical analyses and the astrophysics of Galactic and other microwave foregrounds. These latter topics are important as much of the contemporary work in cosmology focuses on perfecting experimental techniques and on mitigating and assessing sources of error. Bringing together the latest research and scientific developments from the primary literature into one book, this is a go-to resource for graduate students and researchers working in cosmology and astrophysics.
Representationalists view thought and language as mirrors of a mind-independent world. On this view, knowing is about accurately representing reality, and meaning lies in representational content. This book offers a pragmatist alternative: it argues that our practices are not just relevant but fundamental to both knowing and meaning—and that knowing-how should be seen as the primary form of knowledge. Building on neopragmatist tradition and engaging with classical pragmatism as well as recent work in epistemology, the philosophy of language, and the philosophy of science, the book develops and defends methodologism. This novel framework reorients questions of knowledge and meaning around rule-guided rational practices. The book will appeal to students and scholars in these fields, as well as readers across the humanities and social sciences interested in language, rationality, and their role in communities.
Calvin and Perception in Early Modern Visual Culture is the first monograph to return John Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion (1559) to its original visual culture. AnnMarie Bridges draws on early modern optics, art theory, rhetoric, psychology, and religion to reconstruct the perceptual assumptions of Calvin's earliest readers. Her study reveals the Institutes' unrecognized concern with 'perception'-pre-conscious processing believed to occur in the imagination, capable of distorting sense experience before conscious thought could even occur. Illuminating Calvin's most striking visual metaphors-from the spectacles of scripture to the factory of idols-and through close readings of topics like accommodation, idolatry, faith, and Calvin's Latin prose, Bridges advocates a paradigm shift in how we read Calvin's most cited work, displacing 'knowledge' in favor of 'perception versus delusion.' In so doing, her study invites reflection on perceptual instability in our own cultural moment, where the challenge is not only to know what is true, but even to perceive what is real.
Seeds of Solidarity is a study of British Guiana amid a wave of Caribbean uprisings that brought modern politics to colonial spaces during the 1930s. It explores the historical power of a movement forged by people at the edges of empire during economic, political, and environmental crises. African- and Indian-Guianese youth, women, and men who worked on sugar plantations led a series of labor uprisings, despite attempts to turn these racialized communities against each other. Rather than erasing identities, their 'overlapping diasporas' signify how solidary can emerge without sameness, and how this process challenged the British Empire and reshaped Caribbean politics. This important work unites Caribbean history, African Diaspora and South Asian Diaspora studies, histories of racial capitalism and labor movements, gender studies, and the politics of colonialism and empire in the post-indenture period. It offers a model of resistance in today's era of deepening racial and economic inequality, fascism, and climate emergency.
We are consistently bombarded with news and hard evidence that the super-rich are getting richer, leaving the rest of us behind. At the same time, many of us live lives that are materially richer than what was possible for most people throughout human history. We've never had it so good, yet it often feels like we don't have enough. This book reconciles that tension, placing the vices of capitalism in conversation with its virtues. Séamus A. Power explores how people comprehend and experience two global stories of economic growth – and what this means for the future of capitalism and humanity in an era of polarization, poverty, and climate change. The volume charts three possible futures for economic inequality and capitalism, and advocates for a world where poverty is eradicated, economic systems are made fairer, and the achievement of human capabilities is fully realized.
William Burroughs in Context offers the most comprehensive and interdisciplinary examination of the iconic author to date and it captures the immense scope of Burroughs' radical vision and cultural influence. Moving far beyond the Beat Generation, this volume brings together 35 original essays that reframe Burroughs through his many identities: novelist, multimedia artist, queer visionary, drug theorist, and cultural provocateur. By organizing contributions around themes like space-time travel, technology, environmentalism, and creative collaboration, the book presents Burroughs as a uniquely situated figure at the crossroads of literature, science, philosophy, and pop culture. The contributors-drawn from leading voices in literary studies, media theory, cultural history, and the arts-offer readers fresh insights into both familiar and underexplored dimensions of Burroughs' oeuvre. An essential resource for scholars and fans alike, this landmark volume positions Burroughs as a central figure in understanding 20th-century counterculture and its ongoing 21st-century legacy
This book provides the first comprehensive study of the geometric aspects of Manin's conjecture. It equips the reader with a working knowledge of higher dimensional algebraic geometry, including the minimal model program and its applications to arithmetic and Diophantine geometry. The text also develops the foundations of the moduli theory of rational curves on Fano varieties and explores its role in the geometric formulation of Manin's conjecture, supported by worked examples. The book is suitable for graduates and researchers in arithmetic geometry seeking a modern introduction to birational geometry and the moduli theory of rational curves. It will also interest experts in higher‑dimensional algebraic geometry who wish to understand recent applications of these techniques to arithmetic geometry.
The 'American idea' is often claimed not to be based on any ethnicity, race, culture, or religion, but rather on the secular values associated with the Founders' Constitution, and liberal democratic values associated with the European Enlightenment. However, a careful reading of American history tells a different story. This book provides evidence that contradicts the view that America is a universal idea untethered to a particular and narrow view of Americanism. Using the techniques of critical discourse analysis, Ricento explores the written texts and speeches of American intellectuals and political figures of the Americanization era (1901–1927), showing that American identity is a construction that privileges a particular culture (Anglo-Saxonism), race (white), and religion (Protestant Christianity) as the fundaments of national identity. Examples are set against today's context as the rise in right-wing political thinking has raised similar issues that continue to threaten America's status as an inclusive and democratic republic.
How can words capture what it feels like to be a body moving through space? In charting how the aesthetics of motion mattered to eighteenth-century literature, print culture, theatre, and legal debates, Sara Landreth refocuses the period's fascination with the abstraction of 'selfhood' toward embodied kinetic processes that reveal the fictionality of selfhood altogether. This important study makes the case for wantonness as an aesthetic category in its own right, one that captures quasi-intentional actions and vital but indeterminate forms of agency in a wide range of genres, from it-narratives and harlequinade flipbooks to travel novels and fiction about slaveocracy. Fresh readings of works by Cavendish, Hogarth, Dennis, Johnson, Diderot, Sterne, Smollett, and Wilberforce illuminate how authors from 1650 to 1810 radically redefined how characters and plots could and should move.
Morena Skalamera's The Transformation of the Eurasian Gas Trade explores the logic, character, and scope of natural gas interdependence in Eurasia and its dramatic transformations since 1990. She explains how ideas, identities, and culture affect the Eurasian gas trade as gas interdependence has in some cases ameliorated conflict through its pacifying effects and at other times led to reactionary backlash, nationalist resentment, and more aggressive foreign policy. She argues that China's role in influencing domestic and international policy choices as a key trading and investment partner of the countries concerned makes it crucial for analyzing gas interdependence in the Eurasian region. Offering a deep, contextual analysis of how profit–power incentives intersect with historically-specific social, ideational and cultural factors, Skalamera reveals how reversals in the scale and scope of natural gas interdependence in the post-Soviet era can be better understood through domestically-driven shifts in dominant narratives.
We are living through an era of unprecedented data-driven regulatory transformation. AI and algorithmic governance are rapidly altering how global problems are known and governed, and reconfiguring how people, places, and things are drawn into legal relation across diverse areas - from labour, media and communications, and global mobilities to environmental governance, security, and war. These changes are fostering new forms of power, inequality, and violence, and posing urgent conceptual and methodological challenges for law and technology research. Global Governance by Data: Infrastructures of Algorithmic Rule brings together leading interdisciplinary scholars working at the forefront of creative thinking and research practice in this area. The book offers fresh takes on the prospects for working collectively to critique and renew those legal and technological infrastructures that order, divide, empower and immiserate across our data-driven world. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
This book brings together an international team of scholars to explore participation, change and transformative possibilities in everyday life. Drawing on critical ethnographic and participatory research from Brazil, Denmark, and Italy, it examines how people in marginalized positions – socially excluded children and young people, former gang members, rock musicians, bank employees and sex workers – engage in learning practices across diverse contexts. The chapters challenge conventional notions that oppose equality and difference, offering a critical perspective grounded in social practice theory, critical psychology, and urban anthropology. With a strong focus on co-produced knowledge and learners' perspectives, the book offers new conceptual tools for understanding learning as a dynamic, relational and political process rooted in everyday struggles. Essential reading for researchers, students, and professionals across education, anthropology, psychology, social work, pedagogy, and human geography.
Japan and ancient Greece. Placed side by side, these two concepts give the impression of something very strange, a sort of chimera - half Apollo, half samurai; half Venus, half geisha - set on a ground that is at once white and blue like the Cyclades, dark green and vermillion like Shintō shrines. How could two countries so distant from each other be joined together to form a coherent image, to give birth to a meaningful concept? In this groundbreaking study - translated into English for the first time - Michael Lucken analyses the manifold ways in which Japan has adopted and engaged with ancient Greece in the period from the Meiji restoration to the present. This invaluable and timely volume not only demonstrates that the influence of ancient Greece has permeated all aspects of Japanese public and cultural life, but ultimately illustrates that the reception of Classics is a global phenomenon.
Few buildings have been as important to Western culture as the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus. One of the Seven Wonders of antiquity, it was destroyed during the Middle Ages, leading countless architects, antiquarians, painters and printmakers in Early Modern Europe to speculate upon its appearance. This book – the first on its subject – examines their works, from erudite publications to simple pen sketches, from elegant watercolours to complete buildings inspired by the monument. Spanning the period between the Italian Renaissance and the discovery and archaeological excavation of the Mausoleum's foundations in the 1850s, it covers the most important cultural contexts of Western Europe, without neglecting artworks from Peru, China and Japan. The monument's connexion with themes of widowhood and female political power are analysed, as are the manifold interactions between architecture, text and image in the afterlife of the Mausoleum. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
From 1800 to 1830, Irish writers and orators gave a new visibility and viability to Irish literature in English. This groundbreaking survey of Irish literature of the period provides an enlightening and accessible account covering both well-known authors like Maria Edgeworth, Lady Morgan, Charles Maturin, and Thomas Moore, and a cacophony of less well-known voices. Figures from barristers to politicians, from ideologues to academics, and from hacks to ascetics together created a rowdy and flamboyant debate about the nature of Irish genius. Frequently rejected by British and Irish observers alike as overly florid and suspiciously sentimental, Irish writing in the Romantic period gives a fascinating window into debates about the role and nature of oratory in an increasingly democratising society. This is a landmark study not only in the field of Irish literature, but also in wider histories of rhetoric and the Romantic period.