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In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, venereal disease, or the 'pox,' was a dreaded diagnosis throughout Europe. Its ghastly marks, along with their inexorable link to sex, were so stigmatizing that it was commonly called 'the secret disease.' How do we capture everyday experiences of a disease that so few people admitted having? Olivia Weisser's remarkable history invites readers into the teeming, vibrant pox-riddled streets of early modern London. She uncovers the lives of the poxed elite as well as of the maidservants and prostitutes who left few words behind, showing how marks of the disease offered a language for expressing acts that were otherwise unutterable. This new history of sex, stigma, and daily urban life takes readers down alleys where healers peddled their tinctures, enters kitchens and gardens where ordinary sufferers made cures, and listens in on intimate exchanges between patients and healers in homes and in taverns.
Intended for graduate and advanced undergraduate students, this textbook is a thoroughly modern introduction to and a self-contained treatise on the theoretical and mathematical fundamentals of General Relativity. The chapters are organized into three parts, with the first covering Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism, the relativistic Kepler problem, and the systematics of the underlying geometry, with the more abstract notion of the fibre bundle relegated to the Appendix. The second part begins with a derivation of the Einstein equations and leads to topics such as cosmology, black holes, causal structures, and action principles. The third part covers the canonical formulation of field theory in general and General Relativity in particular, leading to the concept of the total energy in General Relativity and quantum phenomena with event horizons. The book minimizes historical references, focuses on modern tools, examples, and applications, and emphasizes the commonalities between relativistic gravity and gauge theory.
How healthy you are is dependent on where you live. Americans suffer more cancers, heart disease, mental illness, and other chronic diseases than those who live in other wealthy nations, despite having the most expensive healthcare system in the world. Why? Embark on a journey to unravel the profound impact of public policies on American health from before birth in Born Sick in the USA: Improving the Health of a Nation. Delve into the intricate web where economic inequality weaves a tapestry of sickness stemming from a highly stressed society. This compelling read illuminates the need for transformative change in social safety nets and public policies to uplift national health and well-being. Through vivid storytelling, the book unveils the symptoms, diagnosis, and 'medicine' required to steer the nation toward a healthier future. Join the movement for a healthier America by embracing the insightful revelations and empowering calls to action presented within the pages of this eye-opening book.
Dante's Divina Commedia/Divine Comedy (completed c.1321) is considered one of the greatest works in Western literature, and its three canticles - Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso - have had a powerful influence on subsequent literature and thought. Dante shares the classical idea that political philosophy aims to defend the philosophic life, and in Paradiso he does just that, defending philosophy, understood as a way of life, against its subordination to Christianity. Paul Stern shows the contribution Dante's reflection on political life makes to his theoretical defense of the philosophic life, a life whose character and goodness is conveyed by his intensely self-reflective poetry. On his account, Dante's approach can guide our judgment of any proposal for the comprehensive transformation of human existence. It enables us, in short, to think more clearly about just what we should mean by paradise.
Why does William James matter for literary studies? And what can the practice of literary criticism bring to our reading of James? While James is widely credited as a founding figure for the fields of psychology, philosophy, religious studies, and progressive education, his equal significance for the field of literary criticism has been comparatively neglected. By modelling a variety of literary critical approaches to reading James and investigating James's equally various approaches to literature, this book demonstrates how his work historically informs and prospectively transforms the way we think about the bedrock premises of literary study – namely, style, influence, and method. The volume's diverse contributions unfold and elaborate these three facets of James's literary critical paradigm as they manifest in the rousing character of his sentences, in the impactful disseminations of his formative relationships, and in his uniquely programmatic responsiveness to the urgent issues of his time.
The study of smooth embeddings of 3-manifolds in 4-space has been hampered by difficulties with the simplest case, that of homology spheres. This book presents some advantages of working with locally flat embeddings. The first two chapters outline the tools used and give general results on embeddings of 3-manifolds in S4. The next two chapters consider which Seifert manifolds may embed, with criteria in terms of Seifert data. After summarizing results on those Seifert manifolds that embed smoothly, the following chapters determine which 3-manifolds with virtually solvable fundamental groups embed. The final three chapters study the complementary regions. When these have 'good' fundamental groups, topological surgery may be used to find homeomorphisms. Figures throughout help illustrate links representing embeddings and open questions are further discussed in the appendices, making this a valuable resource for graduate students and research workers in geometric topology.
Ronald Coase's Nobel work outlined gains by reducing transaction costs and promoting property rights and markets to confront externalities. Countering market failure assertions and calls for centralized government intervention, Coase retorted that decentralized market negotiations could be welfare-improving by promoting collaborative, efficient problem solving, and releasing resources to the general economy. Despite this, his approach is not central to any US environmental law implemented after 1970. Federal government mandates dominate. Where's Coase? explains why. The private objectives of political agents lead to policies that are likely to be too costly and inequitable, despite provision of public goods. Citizens face high collective action costs and lack information to distinguish between public goods and private agent benefits. Examining three major environmental laws: the Clean Air Act, the Magnuson Stevens Fishery Act, and the Endangered Species Act, the book explores policy development and assesses the resulting costs relative to Coase's framework.
'Quantum Cosmology' offers a guided introduction to the quantum aspects of the cosmos. Starting with an overview of early universe cosmology, the book builds up to advanced topics such as the Wheeler–DeWitt equation, gravitational path integrals, and the no-boundary proposal for the wave function of the universe. Readers will explore tunneling processes via Coleman–DeLuccia instantons, the quantum origin of primordial fluctuations, the thermodynamics of horizons, and basic notions of string cosmology. Concepts such as wormholes and semi-classical geometry are introduced with clarity and physical motivation. The book assumes some familiarity with general relativity and quantum mechanics, but little prior knowledge of cosmology. It includes a wide range of exercises, with solutions provided. Written in a pedagogical style, it bridges the gap between undergraduate courses and the research level in this frontier area of theoretical physics.
Geoffrey T. Wodtke and Xiang Zhou's Causal Mediation Analysis offer a comprehensive yet accessible guide to causal mediation analysis for social scientists. They explore why an exposure affects an outcome by quantifying the processes and mechanisms through which a causal effect operates. Covering everything from traditional methods through machine learning techniques and experimental designs for analysing mediation, the authors make these methods broadly accessible through clear explanations, practical examples, and the inclusion of extensive Stata and R code, allowing readers to replicate all the empirical illustrations and apply the methods directly to their own data. Starting with methods for intuitive, simple settings, they build up to more complex analyses, ensuring a smooth learning experience. Rich in examples from across sociology, psychology, political science, and economics, the authors demonstrate the application of cutting-edge methods to real-world empirical research, providing practical tools and examples for rigorous empirical research across disciplines.
How should we conceive of the vulnerability which we all experience, and what import does it have for how we think of equality as a political ideal? How should the state express equal respect for its citizens in light of our common vulnerability, and the heightened vulnerability experienced by some citizens? What does it mean for us to treat each other as equals in light of the inevitable dependencies and vulnerabilities which colour our relationship with each other? This volume offers the first systematic exploration of the relationship between two increasingly central concepts in political and moral philosophy and theory, namely vulnerability and relational equality, with essays presenting a range of current philosophical perspectives on the pressing practical question of how to conceive of equality within society in light of vulnerability. It will be valuable for readers interested in political philosophy and theory, ethics, public policy and philosophy of law.
This book explores groundbreaking scientific perspectives on mind and brain, challenging traditional models that view cognition solely through the lens of computation. Featuring contributions from leading thinkers across behavioral sciences, cognitive sciences, philosophy of mind, psychology, and neurosciences, it highlights innovative approaches that emphasize the dynamic interplay of perception, action, and adaptation in an ever-changing world. Readers will discover cutting-edge research on how brains, bodies, and environments are interconnected, and how this interconnectedness drives organismal adaptability, creativity, and resilience. From the role of embodied cognition to the importance of social and environmental contexts, this book offers a comprehensive survey of emerging theories that redefine how we understand mind and behavior. Accessible yet thought-provoking, this volume is essential for those curious about how modern science is reshaping our understanding of cognition, from researchers and students to readers seeking fresh insights into how we navigate our complex, dynamic world.