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Human interactions, in any group or social setting, rely on and generate shared knowledge and social understandings. These shared intellectual resources are just as important to the efficient operation of markets and organizations as are their shared legal and material infrastructures. Governing Corporate Knowledge Commons focuses on the formal and informal arrangements that govern the creation and community management of intellectual resources within and across organizational boundaries. It demonstrates how the Governing Knowledge Commons (GKC) framework can be fruitfully combined with existing theoretical work on firms and corporate governance found in economics, management, and sociology. The volume also proposes a new set of case studies, ranging from old industrial enterprises to modern venture capital, investor alliances, and decentralized autonomous organizations. Chapters explore the benefits of participatory approaches to the management of genomic or financial data, online gaming communities, and organic waste. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
This Element addresses the illiberal challenge facing public administration amidst the rise of authoritarian populism and democratic backsliding. It investigates how populist governments seek to reshape state bureaucracies, often undermining liberal democratic principles such as pluralism, expertise, and constitutional safeguards, and examines how public administration must respond to safeguard democratic integrity. Drawing on global examples, the Element identifies strategies of populist administrative manipulation, patterns of bureaucratic compliance and resistance, and critical gaps in scholarly understanding. It develops a framework for analyzing these dynamics and proposes normative principles to defend active democratic bureaucracy. Through theoretical inquiry and practical recommendations, it advocates for robust, ethically grounded public administration capable of countering illiberal pressures. Its central thesis underscores the need to restore the intellectual foundation of public administration as a social science deeply embedded in and committed to the democratic policy process. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
How can we ensure educational technology truly supports learning? This book offers a timely, evidence-rich guide for anyone navigating today's fast-changing EdTech landscape. Drawing on cutting-edge research, global case studies, and two decades of field experience, it exposes why so many technologies fail to deliver impact, and shows what it takes to change the system. Readers will discover practical tools such as the Five Es framework for evaluating EdTech, insights from the emerging EdTech 2.0 movement, and vivid examples of collaborations that bridge researchers, schools, policymakers, and developers. The chapters illuminate how to spot meaningful innovation, avoid common pitfalls, and champion tools that genuinely strengthen learning and wellbeing. Accessible, hopeful, and grounded in real-world practice, this is an indispensable guide for educators, school leaders, policymakers, EdTech designers, and parents seeking clarity in a confusing digital marketplace.
An Introduction to Japanese Society provides an engaging introduction to Japanese society by internationally renowned scholar Yoshio Sugimoto. The text examines the diverse nature of contemporary Japanese society with chapters covering class, work, education, gender, ethnicity, religion, popular culture, and the establishment. This edition discusses the shifting landscape of the 'Cool Japan' project; the impact of the COVID–19 pandemic; the significance of Okinawa as the land of ethnic identity; the escalation of foreign workers and residents; the casualization of the labor force; intersectionality in Japanese class culture; the continuous aging of Japanese society; geopolitical shifts in East Asia; and the outcomes of recent national elections. Each chapter contains case examples, providing contemporary perspectives on each topic, as well as research questions, further readings, and online resources to consolidate student understanding and guide further exploration. Lively and highly readable, this text is essential reading for all students of Japanese society.
What is the employment law at international organizations? The answer – international administrative law – implements treaty-based employment at all international organizations, including the United Nations, International Labour Organization and The World Bank. It governs an encounter between the status of the international civil service, administrative authority at international organizations and the jurisprudence of international administrative tribunals. For the first time, the universal legal basis of international administrative law is concisely and clearly introduced, tracking the employee lifecycle, from selection, through remuneration, performance management and integrity, to ending service. Drawing on the judgments of multiple administrative tribunals, a clear and usable interpretative framework of interconnected legal principles and legal duties is established. Intended for all staff at international organizations, Member State representatives, legal practitioners and scholars, this book serves as the basis for a shared understanding of international administrative law, equal to the enormity of the endeavours entrusted to the international civil service.
In post-Brexit Europe, it has never been more important to understand who benefits from the European Union and its Single Market. In this innovative approach to the history of European integration, Grace Ballor reconstructs the creation of the Single Market in the 1980s and 1990s through the lens of multinational business. She both shows how policymakers viewed big business as an ally in market integration and uncovers the diverse responses of European companies, ranging from enthusiastic support for the market to opposition to its attendant social and environmental policies. Drawing on institutional and corporate archives and interviews with key policymakers and business leaders, Ballor demonstrates how businesses adapted their strategies to the new realities of integration and how these adaptations in turn shaped international markets. This is essential reading for anyone wishing to make sense of contemporary European economics and the complex relationships between business and policymaking, economy and society.
Drawing on methods from the history of emotions to study enslaved people's lives, Beth R. Wilson exposes the social, cultural and political role that emotion played in the US South. Exploring both individual and collective emotions, Wilson shows how enslaved people resisted white people's attempts to restrict their feelings and expressions by developing their own emotional ideals and expectations. Moving through case studies that examine a range of underexplored forms of testimony, the book introduces readers to slave narratives, letters, written interviews and recorded testimony to show that emotion was central to how enslaved people resisted, survived and remembered the system of slavery. Enslaved people's descriptions of their individual experiences of love, pain, grief and joy are woven throughout this study, which provides a framework that historians can use to paint a nuanced, detailed and empathetic picture of the complex emotional impact of slavery.
The Roman world was a rural world. Most of the Roman population lived in the countryside and had their immediate rural surroundings as their social and economic frame of reference. For much of the Roman period, rural property provided the basis for political power and urban development, and it was in rural areas that the agricultural crops that sustained an expanding empire were grown and many of the most important Roman industries were situated. Rural areas witnessed the presence of some of the most durable symbols of Roman imperial hegemony, such as aqueducts and paved roads. It was mainly here that native and Roman traditions collided and were negotiated. This volume, containing 30 chapters by leading scholars, leverages recent methodological advancements and new interpretative frameworks to provide a holistic view, with an empire-wide reach, of the importance of Roman rural areas in the success of ancient Rome.
Consumed by thoughts of a mysterious flower, Heinrich leaves his cold homeland and travels south until he meets Mathilde, who opens his eyes to the world's mysteries. Then a tragic event reveals the secret power of poetry… Heinrich von Ofterdingen, left unfinished at the time of the author's death, is a masterpiece of philosophical fiction and a classic of German literature. This highly detailed and original interpretation is the most detailed, comprehensive, and systematic study of the novel ever written. Developing fresh insights into the philosophical ideas of the novel while also attending to its symbolic, literary, and creative qualities, Owen Ware explores how Novalis probes the core problem of modern life – fragmentation and our sense of alienation from the world. Ultimately, he shows us, this novel is a timeless expression of the Romantics' idea that only the imagination, guided by love, can bring us back to our spiritual home.
The book provides valuable insights into the landscape of women's rights in West Africa through the transformative decisions made by the ECOWAS Community Court of Justice (ECOWAS Court). Originally established to foster socio-economic integration, the ECOWAS Court has evolved into Africa's premier regional human rights court. With nearly 90% of its decisions addressing human rights issues, the ECOWAS Court now surpasses the African Commission – the continent's longest-standing human rights body – in the number of human rights cases it handles. It offers a compelling analysis of the ECOWAS Court's women's rights jurisprudence, an often-overlooked but essential aspect of the Court's human rights mandate. Grounded in the due diligence principle and the Maputo Protocol, the book sheds light on how adjudicating women's rights cases promotes the global gender equality agenda and challenges state actions that undermine human rights.
This collection of articles and interviews surveys human-centered approaches to machine learning that can make AI more human-friendly, usable, and ethical. It provides a handbook for students, researchers, and practitioners who want new ways of approaching AI that place humanity at their center. It shows how to apply methods from human-computer interaction that have enabled computing technology to become user-friendly and human-centric to the new technologies of AI and machine learning. The book has 13 articles and 9 interviews from a range of different perspectives, helping readers understand existing machine learning systems and their impacts on people and society. It is an ideal introduction both for human-computer interaction practitioners who are interested in working with machine learning and for machine learning experts interested in making their practice more human-centered. The book offers a critical lens on existing machine learning alongside an optimistic vision of AI in the service of humanity.
Interest in the relationship between Paul's letter openings and Koine Greek letter-writing conventions has been steady for over a century, but little new data has emerged in recent years. In this study, Gillian Asquith offers a fresh perspective on Paul's epistolary practice by adopting a multidisciplinary method that synthesises sociolinguistics and lexicography. Comparing the language of Paul's letter openings with the register of language in documentary papyri, she demonstrates that high-register language in Koine Greek epistolary formulae contributes to warm and friendly relations between correspondents. Asquith argues that Paul creatively modifies epistolary norms by using unexpected, high-register language in the remembrance motif and litotic disclosure formula. Such usage, she posits, emphatically reassures Paul's recipients of his pastoral concern for them and heightens the persuasive force of his letters. Asquith's nuanced analysis contributes valuable new data to long-running debates around Paul's practice of prayer and the structure of his letters.
Driven by advances in data science and machine learning, photonics has evolved rapidly in recent years and has transformed into a highly interdisciplinary field, connecting fundamental research with cutting-edge applications. Inspired by recent Nobel Prizes in Physics in 2021 and 2024, Conti highlights the interplay between photonics and spin glasses, a key concept for understanding the link between photon propagation and complex systems. Beginning with a study of black-body radiation, the book then revisits laser theory using techniques from non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Through a step-by-step exploration of important photonic experiments, it bridges foundational concepts and advances in optical computing, with a focus on developing efficient hardware for classical and quantum artificial intelligence. This reveals the profound ties between complexity, photonics, and the future of AI technologies. The book will be a valuable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and more practised researchers.
This essential new edition study guide includes in-depth coverage of past FFICM exam material, offering an invaluable resource for trainees preparing for the OSCE examination in intensive care medicine. The structured layout gives the reader clear and convenient access to a wealth of model questions and answers ideal for both quick-fire practice or more detailed study. Featuring over 100 completely new questions, the book covers data interpretation, equipment, imaging, ECG, ethics and communication and simulation. Questions are matched to the curriculum and a sample marking scheme is provided to assist with exam preparation. This enhanced edition focuses on key topics, realistic question formats and exam technique with new simulation, ECG and imaging scenarios. Written in a style that allows the reader to quickly pick out salient points but also with sufficient background material to enhance the learning experience and save valuable revision time.
Drawing connections between the medieval and early modern papacy, this study give vivid examples of its reactive rather than proactive character. D. L. d'Avray identifies unobvious continuities and challenges temporal divides, tracing themes that cut through the conventional periodisation. Using fresh translations and transcriptions of sources from Roman archives, alongside key passages from medieval canon law commentaries, the book defends the central thesis that papal government was predominantly 'responsive' and papal authority was not imposed from the top but emerged through a series of appeals and responses. D'Avray focuses on religious governance, rather than on the secular aspects of papal power, so the book challenges an exaggerated emphasis on the papal states. Offering a sequel to Debating Papal History, c. 250–c. 1300, this volume presents a different way of thinking about papal history over a long period.
Throughout decades of research, motivation remains a vital part of psychology and other areas of the behavioural sciences. Frederick Toates explores this important psychological and biological process through an integrative account of how internal and external influences shape the decision making that guides and activates behaviour. Now extensively updated and expanded for modern readership, this textbook is equally accessible to undergraduates and engaging for academics. Drawing on psychology, neuroscience, and ethology, it presents a uniquely synthesised perspective of what motivates us. The chapters pull together diverse phenomena under one conceptual roof, including newly examined causes of behaviour such as the motivation associated with pain. Richly illustrated with personal anecdotes and examples from leading figures in the behavioural sciences, the text is accompanied by a test bank. This clear and supportive guide reveals how motivation systems take shape from the interactions between brain, body, and environment.
Edmund Curll is traditionally considered a pornographer, remembered for having been condemned to gaol and the pillory. Here, Pat Rogers looks beyond this ignominious reputation to focus on the specifics of Curll's working methods as a publisher, his relations with the book trade, his sometimes anomalous position with regard to the milieu of Grub Street, his marketing strategies, and his repertoire of misleading bibliographic tricks. In doing so he throws new light on the factors underlying his quarrels with authors, who included Swift, Pope, and Defoe, alongside many others. Also revealed are Curll's previously unexplored dealings with the politics of the City of London, and his complex uses of anonymity. New biographic data and fuller bibliographical enquiries provide the basis for a more reliable documentation of the shape of his extraordinary, if questionable, activity within the context of the eighteenth-century print world.
This deeply researched, innovative study demystifies the way we think about the pirates of world history. Simon Layton encourages readers to look beyond eighteenth-century Atlantic paradigms of rogue individuals or revolutionary collectives, placing piracy as a concept at the heart of the British imperial project in Asia in the nineteenth century. Piratical States reveals an empire bent on wresting sovereignty over maritime space with its own forms of institutional and outsourced violence. A discourse developed in the official mind of colonial 'men-on-the-spot' castigated an array of indigenous seafaring communities and interrupted state-building across the corridors and chokepoints of global trade. In reports, diaries, correspondence, and memoranda, Britain's self-declared pirate-hunters retold history through a mythology of their own making, transforming piracy into an inherently political and racial category, legitimising the wholesale erasure of their enemies.
Global value chains (GVCs) are an important way in which modern businesses optimise their production processes by choosing to locate them in different countries. Given their importance to the world economy, it is no surprise that there is now a large literature in business. However, much less has been said about how insights from economics can be used in the analysis of GVCs. Reshaping Global Value Chains offers an in-depth and interdisciplinary analysis of global value chains, highlighting their crucial role in transforming global trade, production and development. It focuses on methods and toolkits closer to economics rather than other social sciences to explore key themes such as resilience, sustainability, innovation and inclusion, addressing the challenges posed by geopolitical, environmental and pandemic crises. Written by an impressive line-up of international scholars, this book provides practical and conceptual tools for understanding and rethinking GVCs in an era of increasing global uncertainty.