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Stereotypes in Black is a sharp examination of the representations and self-representations of Afro-descendants in Buenos Aires through the nineteenth century. Originally published in Spanish, this English language translation spotlights various forms of representation, focusing on the stereotypical images and visual culture constructed and repeated, and the important role they played in highlighting the need for a culturally and racially homogeneous nation in social discourse. María de Lourdes Ghidoli provides a detailed account of one of the most serious cases of social exclusion in Latin American and Argentine history, examining strategies adopted by some of the most recognized members of the Afro-Porteño community, and assessing whether they refuted the negative stereotypes or reinforced them. The book will aid in the revisualization of Afro-descendent Argentines, while highlighting how the repeated use of stereotypes exacerbated the invisibilization suffered by the Afro-descendant population in the Argentine Republic.
Computational mineralogy is fast becoming the most effective and quantitatively accurate method for successfully determining structures, properties and processes at the extreme pressure and temperature conditions that exist within the Earth's deep interior. It is now possible to simulate complex mineral phases using a variety of theoretical computational techniques that probe the microscopic nature of matter at both the atomic and sub-atomic levels. This introductory guide is for geoscientists as well as researchers performing measurements and experiments in a lab, those seeking to identify minerals remotely or in the field, and those seeking specific numerical values of particular physical properties. Written in a user- and property-oriented way, and illustrated with calculation examples for different mineral properties, it explains how property values are produced, how to tell if they are meaningful or not, and how they can be used alongside experimental results to unlock the secrets of the Earth.
Statism with Chinese Characteristics offers a fresh perspective on the Chinese economy and its impact on the world. By diving into details and data such as the private nature of rural enterprises, early financial reforms, and the critical role of initial political openness, Yasheng Huang challenges the popular view that credits China's success to a unique blend of government interventions and autocratic governance. Huang shows how China's growth was driven by private entrepreneurship and gradual liberalization, not by infrastructural development, statist finance, and meritocratic autocracy. He confronts assumptions regarding the conventional wisdom about the Chinese economy, explicitly engaging with the policy pivot from the 1980s to the 1990s and infrastructure as a crucial factor behind China's growth. Underscoring the significant role of politics in shaping economic outcomes, this second edition explores the challenges facing the Chinese economy today, emphasizing how political changes dictate economic reforms, rather than the opposite.
For far too long, tech titans peddled promises of disruptive innovation - fabricating benefits and minimizing harms. The promise of quick and easy fixes overpowered a growing chorus of critical voices, driving a sea of private and public investments into increasingly dangerous, misguided, and doomed forms of disruption, with the public paying the price. But what's the alternative? Upgrades - evidence-based, incremental change. Instead of continuing to invest in untested, high-risk innovations, constantly chasing outsized returns, upgraders seek a more proven path to proportional progress. This book dives deep into some of the most disastrous innovations of recent years - the metaverse, cryptocurrency, home surveillance, and AI, to name a few - while highlighting some of the unsung upgraders pushing real progress each day. Timely and corrective, Move Slow and Upgrade pushes us past the baseless promises of innovation, towards realistic hope.
The Quaternary period, which began 2.58 million years ago and continues to the present day, is distinctive for its significant climate variability. Understanding the mechanisms of climate change during this period and the relationship between carbon dioxide levels and temperature are hugely important in improving our ability to develop models to predict future climate change. This book discusses the main methods of empirical climatology and the models used to address different aspects of Quaternary climate dynamics, offering a multidisciplinary view of past and future climate changes. It examines the proposed mechanisms of Quaternary climate variability, including glacial cycles and abrupt climate changes, and their relationship to the intrinsic instability of ocean circulation and ice sheets. Including a final chapter on the Anthropocene, it provides a comprehensive overview of Quaternary and modern climate dynamics for graduate students and researchers working in paleoclimatology and climate change science.
Political parties often use moral arguments-judgements about fundamental notions of right and wrong-to frame and explain their political views. Morality is an aspect of politics that people are regularly exposed to in real life. But what role does moral rhetoric play in party politics? And how does it shape our views? Focusing on Western democracies, Shared Morals examines what moral rhetoric looks like, how it affects voters, and how it is relevant for democratic representation. Drawing from studies on party competition, political behavior, and moral and political psychology, the book illustrates that moral rhetoric is an integral aspect of party communication. Yet, unlike many current narratives in the scholarly and policymaking worlds, Shared Morals draws attention to the potential for moral rhetoric to highlight common grounds, bridge differences, and bring people together.
What is the biggest challenge for the writing of early Christian history? As Markus Vinzent suggests in this study, it is not the interpretation of material evidence. Rather, it is the interpreter herself or himself. Unlike most historical studies, which aim at keeping to sources, facts, and close readings of texts as objectively as possible, Vinzent here offers a new approach: autobiographical historiography and personal methodological reflection, including test cases that advocate transparency, courage, and willingness to be challenged. He takes the reader on a journey through the notions of 'space', 'space in-between', 'the argument from silence', 'cognitive historiography' and 'evolution', 'time', 'scholarship', 'evidence/fact', 'tradition' and 'future'. Proposing a contemporary, post-postmodern reading of history that goes far beyond the field of Early Christianity, Vinzent's anachronological study interrogates traditional historical approaches and challenges both conservative and progressive scholars and students to contradict, engage with, and argue over established interpretations of events.
In the wake of independence from French colonialism, a generation of North African nationalist leaders and progressive thinkers reimagined their futures through essays, periodicals, and publishing networks. Leaping Decolonization explores how these debates unfolded from the early 1960s to the early 1980s, when intellectuals across Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia challenged colonial legacies, questioned the meaning of progress, and redefined the role of tradition in their societies. Idriss Jebari constructs a transnational intellectual history grounded in the lived experience of the region's post-colonial transformations. It is organized in a series of 'debates' on the meaning of decolonization, ranging from national culture to social emancipation. This study further sheds light on how radical thought was produced under authoritarianism, seeking to capture the aspirations of youth movements, and how North Africa's decolonization connects with other historical experiences. In doing so, Jebari addresses ongoing questions about the meaning of global history and the voices of intellectual peripheries from the Global South on the world stage.
Illuminating the shared world of Clara and Robert Schumann, this volume takes a renewed look at the Schumanns and reconsiders them both as individual artists and as a couple who each charted their trajectories with the other in mind. It focuses on key aspects of their artistic and cultural environments amid the creative and political ferment of nineteenth-century Germany and traces their critical reception from their own time to the present day. The topics range from personal and professional relationships to their socio-cultural environment and their influence on subsequent generations of musicians, giving fresh perspectives on established themes and introducing new material and sources particularly in relation to Clara. The book broadens and re-evaluates existing understandings of the Schumanns and makes scholarship currently better known in the German-speaking sphere accessible to English-language readers.
For centuries, Christians believed that the biblical letters of 1, 2, and 3 John were penned by a disciple of Jesus. Today, scholars speculate that the three are artifacts of a lost 'Johannine Community.' In this groundbreaking study, however, Hugo Méndez challenges both paradigms, meticulously laying out the evidence that the Epistles are, instead, a series of falsely authored works. The texts position themselves as works by a single author. In reality, they were penned by three different writers in a chain of imitation, creative adaptation, and invention. Through incisive, close readings of the Epistles, Méndez clarifies their meaning and purpose, demystifying their most challenging sections. And by placing these works in dialogue with Greco-Roman pseudo-historical writing, he uncovers surprising links between Classical and early Christian literature. Bold, comprehensive, and deeply original, this book dismantles older scholarly views while proposing new and exciting approaches to these enigmatic texts.
How did British literature develop in the wake of the radical 1790s and during the years of war, reaction, and uncertain renewal that constituted the nineteenth century's first decade? The essays in this volume examine the literary forms and cultural formations that emerged during this paradoxical era of aftermath and new beginnings. They reexamine a period within the Romantic period, and within the larger context of the nineteenth century, exploring the historical self-consciousness of this post-revolutionary era and highlighting the emergence of ideas of temporality and historicity that lead us to reconsider the past as comprised of decadal units, of centuries, and of things like 'the age of revolutions' and the spirits that animate them. Using fresh approaches and methodologies, the essays in this book examine the beginnings of the nineteenth century and its literature according to the critical, theoretical, and archival possibilities of the twenty-first.
Since the mid-2010s, the collapse of key arms control treaties between great powers has unravelled the post–Cold War security architecture in Europe, heightening nuclear risks to Europe. At the same time, a fresh movement emerged, calling for the total abolition of nuclear weapons, due to their catastrophic humanitarian consequences. European policy-makers found themselves between a rock and a hard place – between the global strategic conundrum calling for growing attention to nuclear deterrence, and domestic audiences demanding just the opposite. Europe's Nuclear Umbrella is about how they navigated this balance. Building on combined insights from public administration, comparative politics, foreign policy analysis, and international relations, Michal Onderco offers a novel theory which reflects the complexity of democratic foreign policy-making in the twenty-first century.
In the wake of the 2011 uprising in Syria, a number of Syrian intellectuals were forced into exile. Many of these intellectuals played a crucial role in mobilising people in the early days of the movement, but once in exile an irreconcilable tension emerged between their revolutionary narratives and the violent reality on the ground. Zeina Al Azmeh explores this tension, shedding light on whether and how exile influenced narratives, strategies, and political agency. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork and interviews in Paris and Berlin, Al Azmeh examines how writers and artists work to reconcile revolutionary ideals with the realities of war and displacement. Bringing together insights from cultural sociology, postcolonial thought, and migration studies, Syrian Intellectuals in Exile provides new analytical tools for understanding the intersection of intellectual work and social movements. This study blends empirical research with personal narratives, offering a timely reflection on exile, memory, and the limits of intellectual activism.
This volume examines the development of forms of English in North America, from the earliest founder populations through to present-day varieties in the USA, Canada and the Caribbean. The linguistic analyses of today's forms emphasise language variation and change with a view to determining the trajectories for current linguistic change. The section on English in the United States has dedicated chapters on the history of African American English and the English of Latinos in the USA. Part II is concerned with English in Canada, with chapters on the anglophone settlement of Canada and on individual regions of that country, including English in Quebec. The third section consists of chapters devoted to the history of English in the anglophone Caribbean, looking at various creoles in that region, both in the islands and the rim, with a special chapter on Jamaica and on the connections between the Caribbean and the USA.
This book explores the seminal importance of the first UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm 1972 – the Stockholm Conference – for the development of international environmental law. By bringing together world leading experts from academia and legal practice, the book charts the development of international environmental law in the 50 years since 1972 in the areas of nature and biodiversity, chemicals and waste, oceans and water, and atmosphere and climate, and with respect to structures and institutions, consumption and production, and human rights and participatory rights in environmental matters. It analyses how the ideas and concepts of the Stockholm Conference have influenced this development and explores the novel ideas that have emerged since then. It describes the approaches of the developed and developing countries in this process and the relationship between international environmental law and other areas of law, such as the law of the sea and international economic law.
Interest in the relationship between Paul's letter openings and Koine Greek letter-writing conventions has been steady for over a century, but little new data has emerged in recent years. In this study, Gillian Asquith offers a fresh perspective on Paul's epistolary practice by adopting a multidisciplinary method that synthesises sociolinguistics and lexicography. Comparing the language of Paul's letter openings with the register of language in documentary papyri, she demonstrates that high-register language in Koine Greek epistolary formulae contributes to warm and friendly relations between correspondents. Asquith argues that Paul creatively modifies epistolary norms by using unexpected, high-register language in the remembrance motif and litotic disclosure formula. Such usage, she posits, emphatically reassures Paul's recipients of his pastoral concern for them and heightens the persuasive force of his letters. Asquith's nuanced analysis contributes valuable new data to long-running debates around Paul's practice of prayer and the structure of his letters.
This textbook offers students who have no prior background in biblical studies an understanding of the lasting contribution of Israel's scriptures. Bringing a literary approach to the topic, it strikes a balance between historical reconstructions, comparative religions, and theology. Among several distinctive features, It traces the legacy of monotheism first emerging in the pages of Israel's scriptures as an enduring contribution for twenty-first century readers. Monotheism gives the volume an immediate relevance because the so-called Abrahamic religions are rooted in this concept. Whether one is Jewish, Christian, Muslim, or secularist, students will gain a new understanding of the origins of monotheism as their common heritage. The Second Edition of this textbook includes expanded discussions within the text and in sidebars, notably on the history of biblical scholarship, modern methods of interpretation, and wisdom literature.
The ancient world existed before the modern conceptual and linguistic apparatus of rights, and any attempts to understand its place in history must be undertaken with care. This volume covers not only Greco-Roman antiquity, but ranges from the ancient Near East to early Confucian China; Deuteronomic Judaism to Ptolemaic Egypt; and rabbinic Judaism to Sasanian law. It describes ancient normative conceptions of personhood and practices of law in a way that respects their historical and linguistic particularity, appreciating the distinctiveness of the cultures under study whilst clarifying their salience for comparative study. Through thirteen expertly researched essays, volume one of The Cambridge History of Rights is a comprehensive and authoritative reference for the history of rights in the global ancient world and highlights societies that the field has long neglected.
The concept of a right, and the idea of human rights, were familiar abstractions on the brink of the twentieth century. But the history of political mobilization since shows that human rights had a transformative capacity in that century that no prior age had demonstrated. Through the twentieth century, human rights became institutionalized internationally in laws, movements, and organizations that transcended state-based citizenship and governance – which irrevocably changed the politics around them. Rights continued to evolve as the imperial world order transitioned to a postcolonial world of sovereign states as a primary form of political organization. Through twenty-six essays from experts around the world demonstrating how this period is historically distinctive, volume five of The Cambridge History of Rights is a comprehensive and authoritative reference for the history of rights in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, contemporary authors explored the myriad ways in which the concept of rights could be understood but almost always arrived at the same conclusion: It was vital that rights should never be conflated with power. Through twenty-six expertly written essays, Volume III of The Cambridge History of Rights focuses on the language of rights, exploring its use in contexts as diverse as the English family, trading relations, and Asian powers. This was a period in which rights came to the forefront of political discourse, making it crucial to the longer history of rights reflected in this series. By foregrounding the idea of rights in action, the volume considers the relationship between the ways in which rights were articulated – by individuals, institutions, and states – and how they were enacted in practice. In doing so, it uncovers the complexities inherent in the development of the language of rights during this formative period.