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Groups, and the ways in which they function, are of fundamental importance to human life. This engaging textbook offers a comprehensive introduction to group processes for students across the social sciences. Covering topics such as social influence, leadership, creativity, and intergroup relations, this book blends foundational work with up-to-date research to help students navigate the key theories and principles in a wide variety of contexts. Designed with teaching and learning in mind, each chapter features an outline, a chapter summary, review and discussion questions, and suggested multimedia and further reading resources. Recurring box features provide opportunities for deeper engagement with the issues raised. With an interdisciplinary focus throughout, this textbook is an ideal resource for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in psychology, as well as courses in business, communication, and related fields.
Developing a business model that is both scalable and sustainable is fundamental to successful modern-day entrepreneurship. Grounded in up-to-date theoretical research and supported by practical guidance that students can replicate themselves, this textbook gives a holistic overview of effective business model development that is applicable across industries, geographies and both for-profit and non-profit contexts. Utilising an innovative and dynamic 'wheel' framework, the textbook takes readers through five key elements to explore when building their own business models. Each chapter promotes active learning through the inclusion of opening case studies with associated discussion questions, exercises, key takeaways and 'how-to' guides, with the option to increase depth of understanding through further readings and links to multimedia resources. Written in an accessible, student-centred voice, this book is essential reading for undergraduate, postgraduate, MBA and executive programmes in entrepreneurship, while also providing a go-to, self-guided pathway for aspiring entrepreneurs with or without business backgrounds.
What is the moral foundation of human rights, justice, and the rule of law? In a time of deep cultural and political division, this volume charts the rich history of one of the most enduring ideas in Western thought: that moral and legal norms are rooted in human nature and accessible to reason. Spanning ancient, medieval, early modern, and contemporary traditions-including Islamic and African-American perspectives-the volume shows how Natural Law has evolved and how it continues to shape debates in ethics, politics, and jurisprudence. With chapters on Aristotle, Aquinas, Grotius, Locke, and the American Founders, as well as modern voices like Jacques Maritain and Martin Luther King, it offers both historical depth and philosophical clarity. Essential reading for students and scholars in philosophy, law, theology, and political theory, it invites readers to rediscover a tradition that speaks urgently to the moral challenges of our time.
In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith set out a system for understanding why some societies prosper and others do not, and in the process founded the discipline of economics. In the 250 years since its publication, the world has transformed beyond recognition. Smith has also been reduced in the collective imagination to little more than a byword for the free market. The Wealth of Nations at 250 brings together today's most influential economists and economic historians to ask where Smith's system still holds, and where it needs new machinery. The task of rethinking what causes prosperity demands a return to the breadth of Smith's original vision, incorporating the cultural, institutional, and political foundations as well as the economic. Written in the spirit of Smith's own clarity, the book speaks to anyone interested in how and why nations prosper. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The complex and often controversial female characters of Euripidean tragedy have long attracted critical attention and creative engagement. In Euripides' Women, Sarah Olsen enriches our understanding of these figures by focusing on their relationships with one another. Attending to scenes of female intimacy, she argues that these encounters invite audiences to imagine alternatives to the lives and narratives unfolding within a given play. Through readings of Helen, Andromache, Hecuba, Hippolytus, Phoenician Women, and Trojan Women, Olsen traces how such moments generate new trajectories within and across familiar mythic and dramatic traditions. Combining queer and feminist perspectives with literary and performance-based modes of analysis, Euripides' Women identifies female relationships as a vital source of imaginative and theatrical possibility in Greek tragedy.
What exactly are viewers or audiences expected to appreciate when language is put on display? What kinds of ideologies about language underpin such displays? Does language operate differently when it becomes the intended object of display as opposed to when it is being used for regular communication? Language is often 'invisible' because we use it without thinking too much about it. The study of language on display makes the invisible visible. Drawing on examples of the display of language in multiple contexts: museums, exhibitions, contests, celebrations, this book analyses cases where language is deliberately offered up as an object for contemplation, entertainment, and even decoration; language as spectacle in and of itself. It provides an innovative theorisation that shows how the subjectification process involved – where people are treated more as viewers than users – entrenches an objectivist understanding of language. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
The Late Ramesside Letters comprise over seventy surviving texts from the end of Egypt's New Kingdom, created by a community living around the Medinet Habu temple complex in western Thebes. These letters reveal how individuals negotiated varied social relationships and communicative norms, including interactions with the divine. By applying frameworks from (Im)politeness Research – such as Discernment Politeness, Facework, Politic Behaviour, Frame Theory, and Ritual – it is possible to reconstruct the underlying (im)politeness system that shaped all communication within this community. This approach highlights how specific linguistic patterns supported social harmony, managed tensions, and facilitated obligations to both people and gods. The analysis also identifies emerging phenomena that require new theoretical directions, such as the unique strategies used to maintain relationships with deities. Ultimately, the letters demonstrate that Power permeated every level of interaction, and its centrality within this linguaculture challenges modern assumptions about how Power operates in contemporary societies.
Since the EU has been confronted with multiple crises, scholars have debated the consequences from the viewpoint of integration, disintegration, or differentiated integration. This book takes a different perspective. Rather than focusing on macro-structures, it highlights the ongoing contestation and balancing of power in everyday policymaking. These processes lead to incremental, often hidden informal institutional change rather than overall Treaty amendments. They unfold in European legislation under the Community Method, in intergovernmental politics, administrative policymaking, and court proceedings and often link all these venues. The book analyses and empirically describes different conflicts, strategies, and processes through which actors respond to power imbalances in policymaking and seek to reshape rules and patterns of interaction. The authors argue that this enduring balancing of power is essential to the EU's resilience, as it compels actors to respond to challenges and find institutional solutions, particularly in a fast-changing international order.
This book rethinks how we understand tyrannical rule in the ancient world. Challenging the conventional notion of tyranny as a uniform model of autocracy, it reveals a spectrum of tyrannical types – or patterns – based on language, behavior, and storytelling in Greek historians. Drawing on literary, archaeological, and epigraphic evidence, it employs a historical-anthropological approach to show how Greek authors constructed and debated the image of the tyrant. Ranging from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period and from mainland Greece and Asia Minor to the Black Sea region, North Africa, and southern Italy and Sicily, Marcaline Boyd situates these portrayals in their wider historiographic and historical contexts. She highlights how tyranny intersected with political authority, legitimacy, and moral order. The book illuminates the diversity, instability, and narrative construction of tyrannical power, offering fresh insight into the complexity of Greek political history and thought.
The study of complex systems has expanded rapidly in recent decades, driving the development of powerful techniques that can be applied across a wide range of disciplines. The growing philosophical examination of complexity alongside scientific advances offers profound and far-reaching insights. This book delves into the philosophy of complexity, supported by interdisciplinary examples. It opens with a concise introduction to the concepts of stability and information, as well as the necessary mathematical formalism. A range of fascinating topics are then explored, including the nature and meaning of complexity, deterministic chaos, coarse graining, scale invariance, network science, machine learning, and complex mental dynamics. These areas are linked to challenging topics in philosophical discourse, such as interlevel relations, notions of meaning, action and agency, creative insight, and understanding. This text will be of interest to students and researchers studying complex systems across a range of disciplines, from physics to cognitive science.
This gentle introduction to the most important techniques in natural language processing uses a unified mathematical and algorithmic framework and gradually increases in complexity. Topics covered range from n-gram language models to large language models (LLMs), from perceptron to deep learning, from text classification to structured prediction (e.g., sequence labelling, segmentation, and parsing) and generation, and from discrete representation to neural representation of linguistics structures. This book provides a comprehensive overview of NLP, making it ideal for upper undergraduate and graduate students in computer science and a valuable reference for researchers and engineers. Exercises of varying difficulty are provided as well as teaching slides and tutorial videos. The new edition features three new chapters on pre-trained language models and large language models as well as a new preliminary chapter overviewing data and model as a framework for NLP methods.
Joyce Marie Mushaben assesses the extraordinary political career and policy legacy of Ursula von der Leyen. A medical doctor and mother of seven children, von der Leyen entered national politics at age forty-two. Consistently opposed by hardliners within her own party, the CDU, she mastered three ministerial portfolios across four Merkel governments, enabling her to transform Germany's obsolete gender regime and its historically anti-militarist 'strategic culture.' As the first female President of the EU Commission in 2019, she pursued a 'Union of Equality,' extending women's and gender rights in new domains. Forced to tackle the Covid pandemic, climate change and Russia's war against Ukraine, she met each crisis with dignity and calm. She strengthened the EU's identity as a 'value community' and redefined its role as a 'geopolitical' global actor. This is the first book to analyse von der Leyen's achievements in the context of an era of global crisis.
Victor Hugo's eminence as a writer is bolstered by his reputation for unbridled ambition, prolific talent, and virile sexuality, yet his work is deeply uncomfortable with these aggrandized notions of what it means to be a man. Rereading some of Hugo's most famous writing alongside lesser-known texts, Bradley Stephens reveals how the author of Les Misérables contests normative ideas of manhood in ways that are surprising and urgent for gender studies today. Although Hugo recognized the allure of 'greatness', his writing knowingly resists the patriarchal clichés that were being fastened onto his public image even before he was laid to rest in the Paris Panthéon as one of France's grands hommes in 1885. Hugo channelled nature's spontaneity to understand all forms and types as fluid, not fixed, and his aversion to categorical viewpoints and established hierarchies necessarily questions the binary logic of gender and its naturalization of men's social dominance.
What happens when people cross borders to learn and then return to the worlds that shaped them? This book follows 391 returnees from sixty-nine countries to show how international higher education reshapes how individuals see, judge, and engage in their societies. Drawing on vivid cases from education, health, poverty, and democratic life, it traces five generative mechanisms-reflexive agency, civic understanding, knowledge translation, transnational social relations, and intercultural understanding-through which comparative experience becomes consequential after return. Grounded in critical realism, transformative learning, and transnational theory, the book introduces a new framework centred on presence: a sustained relational stance through which individuals hold their ground under constraint. It offers an empirically rich account of how international study widens interpretive horizons, sustains engagement, and keeps democratic and institutional possibility open even in settings marked by inequality, fragility, and uncertainty. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Ninety years ago an international war against fascism was fought, and lost, in Spain. Defeat triggered a World War that drove back the Nazi empire and its collaborators, but the progressive dream of more equal societies which antifascists had fought for in Spain was afterwards paralysed by a conservative Cold War order everywhere. Helen Graham vividly tells this history through the interconnected lives of five diverse activists and creatives who defended democracy in Spain and were afterwards scattered across continents by continuing war, political repression and the Holocaust. With courageous imagination they transformed their losses into new ways of living and resisting. As the stakes rise again today, the urgency of reconnecting with these lives redoubles: in the face of 'post-truth' advances, this book testifies to forensic history as a form of resistance, and to the lasting importance of Spain's faraway war that remains forever near.