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How does the state deliver justice to citizens? Are certain groups disadvantaged whilst seeking help from law enforcement and the courts? This book charts, for the first time, the full trajectory of accessing justice in India's criminal justice system, highlighting a pattern of multi-stage discrimination and unequal outcomes for women seeking restitution from the state. To probe how discrimination can be combated, the book tests whether gender representation in law enforcement-in the form of all-female enclaves or women-only police stations-affects change. The book demonstrates how certain forms of representation can lead to unintended consequences. By utilizing a range of research designs, the book not only casts a light on justice delivery in the world's largest democracy, but also transports readers into the world of crime and punishment in India.
This is a contemporary treatment of composition operators on Banach spaces of analytic functions in one complex variable. It provides a step-by-step introduction, starting with a review (including full proofs) of the key tools needed, and building the theory with a focus on Hardy and Bergman spaces. Several proofs of operator boundedness (Littlewood's principle) are given, and the authors discuss approaches to compactness issues and essential norm estimates (Shapiro's theorem) using different tools such as Carleson measures and Nevanlinna counting functions. Membership of composition operators in various ideal classes (Schatten classes for instance) and their singular numbers are studied. This framework is extended to Hardy-Orlicz and Bergman-Orlicz spaces and finally, weighted Hardy spaces are introduced, with a full characterization of those weights for which all composition operators are bounded. This will be a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students working in functional analysis, operator theory, or complex analysis.
In the wake of Iran's revolution in 1978–79, a fundamentalist Islamic theocracy took control of the country. These dramatic changes impacted all sectors of society including a vast array of diverse peoples and cultures. In this book, Lois Beck provides an anthropological and historical account of Iran's many minorities. She focuses on the aftermath of the revolution, declaration of an Islamic republic, and Iraq-Iran war. Drawing on six decades of anthropological research, Beck provides frameworks for understanding how each of Iran's linguistic, religious, ethnic, ethno-national, and tribal minorities fashioned unique identities. These identities stem from factors relating to history, location, socioeconomic patterns, and sociocultural traits. They reflect the people's interactions with Iran's rulers and governments as they changed over time. A modern nation-state cannot be fully understood without knowing the extent of its reach in the peripheries and border regions and among its diverse peoples. This landmark study challenges existing scholarly accounts by offering broad and detailed perspectives on Iran's many distinct languages, religions, ethnicities, ethno-nations, and tribes.
In the 1950s Britain joined the nuclear age, detonating 21 nuclear bomb experiments in Australia and the Pacific. In Injurious Law Catherine Trundle crosses countries and traverses decades to explore the lingering, metamorphizing impacts of radiation exposure and militarism. Through a compelling portrait of the lives of test veterans seeking compensation and healthcare, Trundle reveals how injury law, and the political and medical processes upon which it depends, generates a troubling paradox for claimants. While offering the possibilities for recognition and redress, the very process of making injury claims generates new and cascading harms. Recasting injury to include its social, moral and political aftereffects, Trundle exposes the quotidian and often banal practices that make the law injurious. Moving between archives, living rooms, laboratories, courts, parliament, and veteran social gatherings, Injurious Law offers a justice-centred lens for understanding legal contestations in the aftermath of radiation exposure and other invisible environmental harms.
Now in its second edition, this handbook is a comprehensive and up-to-date resource that explores the applications of corpus-based research in linguistics. Since the first edition, corpus linguistics has evolved dramatically, and this edition has been fully updated to reflect these developments, with new chapters on emerging areas such as online language, legal discourse, and lexical complexity in learner language. Bringing together contributions from leading scholars, it critically evaluates methodologies, presents cutting-edge research, and includes empirical case studies that showcase corpus analysis in action. Each chapter surveys key studies, assesses methodological strengths and weaknesses, and highlights what corpus linguistics has uncovered about language variation and use. Covering topics ranging from phraseology to World Englishes, it serves as an essential reference for linguistics students, researchers, and educators. Whether you're new to corpus linguistics or an experienced scholar, this handbook provides valuable insights into the evolving role of corpora in linguistic research.
This book offers a new kind of analysis of Psellos' Chronographia as a rhetorical performance, as poesis, as a work in progress. It traces his developing techniques from the basic building blocks of the first two reigns to the intricate tragicomic structure of Constantine IX's; from the simple, finely judged scene in Basil II's tent to the spectacular mutual performance in the rebel Isaak's. The book focuses on role; on the interplay of genres, especially panegyric and the subgenres of drama; on metaphor; on psychology; on the visual and tactile. It contrasts Psellos' style with his more decorated orations and observes how his wide reading is metabolized into the particular and contemporary. At best, Psellos subjects his philosopher 'self' to scrutiny through the conflict and interplay of his feelings and roles in both commentary and agency; from this comes his tragicomic, empathetic, deeply ironic version of Byzantium.
No city occupies as many paradoxical positions in the popular imagination as Los Angeles. It is the new frontier and the end of the trail; it is American Eden and Babylon by the Pacific; it is by turns celebrated and condemned for its diversity; it is the city of perpetual renewal and the city of imminent apocalypse. This collection reveals LA in all its contradictions by documenting a literary tradition as kaleidoscopic and cacophonous as the city itself. The writings explored by Los Angeles: A Literary History record how a dusty cow town morphed into a global metropolis within a matter of decades, and how this unprecedented transformation came to define the experience of modernity. Los Angeles's literature has long gone underappreciated, the city's culture dismissed as flat and frivolous: this volume upturns that narrative, reshaping American literary history by resituating LA as its beating heart.
The Cambridge History of African American Poetry provides an authoritative chronicle of the unifying world-building practices of community and artistry of African American poets in the United States since the arrival of Africans on these shores. It traces the evolution and cohesion of the tradition from the religious songs and written publications of enslaved poets who have come to be some of the most important figures in American literary culture. It conveys the stories of individual well-known figures in new ways and introduces less-well known writers and movements to clarify what makes African American poetry a cohesive tradition. It also presents a comprehensive and unique account of literary communities and artistic movements. Written by leading scholars in the field, The Cambridge History of African American Poetry offers an ambitious history of the full artistic range and social reach of the tradition.
The sixteenth century witnessed the expansion of Spain's empire on a global scale. Catholicism played a critical role in the Spanish colonization campaign, with the cult of saints at the centre of an expansionist agenda. In this study, Jonathan Greenwood offers an interdisciplinary study of the recognition and veneration of sainthood through the case study of the canonization of Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Jesuits. Integral to this phenomenon were the miracles and devotional objects that navigated through the official canonization process conducted in Europe, which was overseen by the Church hierarchy and its oftentimes unsanctioned counterparts. Greenwood demonstrates how non-European cultic devotions to Ignatius were made manifest through images, relics, and reports of intercessions. Although the Pope's role in the naming of a saint was paramount, the uninhibited practices of colonial subjects proved to be equally important and worthy of consideration, culminating in the canonization of Ignatius.
Optimization is a foundational topic in mathematics, underpinning nearly all of our modern industrial and technological world. Assuming only basic knowledge of linear algebra and calculus, this book provides a rapid, yet thorough, overview of applied mathematical optimization for advanced undergraduates, beginning graduate students, or practitioners in engineering and science. The text opens with an 'Optimization Bootcamp', introducing methods at a beginning level, before progressing to deep-dives into advanced topics and research-ready methods. The focus throughout is on modern applications of machine learning, inverse problems, and control. Rich pedagogy includes Python code with simple working examples and advanced case studies. Every section is accompanied by YouTube lectures to encourage interaction with the material. Using intuitive explanations, this book makes the material as simple and interesting as possible, while still having the depth, breadth and precision required to empower use in research and real-world applications.
While today's global trade war may seem like a radical break from the established system of inter-state relations, history shows that states have been fighting trade wars as long as there have been states, trade, and war. The current rivalry between the United States and China is among the most pressing contemporary issues that may define international relations for the next decade. Craig VanGrasstek's On Trade War explains the theory and practice of trade war, placing the current conflict in an analytical framework that provides insights from history, political science, economics, and law. Pioneering a new way of examining trade and military relations between states, VanGrasstek's analysis identifies patterns from past trade wars that may shape our future.
Technological change and innovation have long fueled economic growth and employment. Yet, in recent decades, productivity gains have increasingly failed to translate into more jobs and higher wages. Jobless Growth and the New Great Transformation investigates this apparent paradox, by examining the theoretical and empirical evidence about the relationship between innovation and structural change. It combines rigorous and cutting-edge data analysis with EU case studies to reveal how recent technological breakthroughs, far from driving shared prosperity, have slowed growth, widened spatial divides and fueled societal polarization, partly due to excessive confidence in market deregulation. Drawing on data-driven analyses, the book explains why impacts of innovation vary so widely between regions and how history, institutions, and policy-not just market forces-determine who benefits from technological advances and who is left behind.
State legislators introduce more than 100,000 bills per year and the resulting statutes that become law govern every aspect of life and business in those states. But who exactly writes these laws? In Ghostwriting Legislation, Mary Kroeger delves into the central and often-overlooked role that interest groups, think tanks, companies, and bureaucrats play in writing state law. While legislators are not expected to draft and pass legislation without the input of outside actors, Kroeger argues that a democratic defect may arise if elected officials must rely substantially on non-legislators to craft high-quality bills. Ghostwriting Legislation explores the disconnect between legislative power and legislative capacity, providing key data and insights for those who care about democracy and the separation-of-power dynamics in state legislatures.
Paul Eggert's book meshes biographical scholarship and editorial theory with literary-critical analysis to offer a fresh understanding and appreciation of how D. H. Lawrence wrote. By concentrating on the material surfaces and biographical moments of Lawrence's textual performances as he wrote and revised, Eggert reveals a continuous intellectual-imaginative project across his novels, stories, plays and poems. Gone is the old Lawrence-as-moralist of the sacred body and interfering mind in favour of a new Lawrence as a profoundly Modernist performer engaged in writing-acts of self-revealing discovery, characterised by projective force and ceaseless experiment. The interwoven and intersecting versions of his many writings are explored at revealing moments in his writing career. New, compelling accounts of his most important novels, poetry and travel books become possible. Students of creative writing and Modernist literature, and all readers of Lawrence's works, will benefit from this ambitious and original book.
In the first history of the oceanic Anthropocene, Stefan Huebner explores the twentieth-century extension of human habitats into oceanic spaces. He shows how the effects of this amphibious transformation have followed a very different trajectory from human-driven change on land, in terms of both socioeconomic development and environmental degradation. The extension of the human habitat through artificial islands such as seabed-fixed and floating structures has granted vertical access to Earth's different spatial layers, from the fossil fuels beneath the seabed to outer space. Huebner asks why this transformation occurred; how it has been shaped by political, economic, and environmental factors; and how it has altered marine environments. A deeper understanding of Earth's amphibious transformation compels us to reconsider the history and future of climate change, sea level rise, energy transitions, human–marine species interactions, globalization, and even urbanization, including floating cities. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
How did the state become Christian in late antiquity? Many scholars have traced the Christianization of the Roman world in the centuries following the conversion of the emperor Constantine in 312 CE. Robin Whelan, however, turns his attention away from the usual suspects in such accounts-emperors, empresses, bishops, ascetics, and other holy people-to consider a surprisingly understudied set of late ancient Christians: those who served the state as courtiers, bureaucrats, and governors. By tracing the requirements of regimes, the expectations of subjects, and patterns of engagement with churches and churchmen, he argues that that those who served the state in late antiquity could be seen-and indeed, could see themselves-as distinctly Christian authority figures-just as much as the emperors and kings whom they served, and the bishops and ascetics whom they governed. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
This book examines a wide sweep of prominent Black and Asian British poets, from Linton Kwesi Johnson and Jean 'Binta' Breeze through David Dabydeen, Bernardine Evaristo, and Jason Allen-Paisant. Throughout, Omaar Hena demonstrates how these poets engage with urgent crises surrounding race and social inequality over the past fifty years, spanning policing and racial violence in the 1970s and 1980s, through poetry's cultural recognition in the 1990s and 2000s by museums, the 2012 London Olympics, the publishing scene, and awards and prizes, as well as continuing social realities of riots and uprisings. In dub poetry, dramatic monologues, ekphrasis, and lyric, Hena argues that British Black and Asian poets perform racial politics in conditions of spiraling crisis. Engaged and insightful, this book argues that poetry remains a vital art form in twenty-first-century global Britain. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Principal bundles and their associated fiber bundles famously play a foundational role in both algebraic and differential topology, as well as in fundamental and solid-state physics. More recently, their equivariant and higher homotopy enhancements (gerbes) have been crucial in generalized cohomology theory and for the physics of extended solitons and topological phases. This text is the first to offer a unified perspective of, and introduction to, these topics, providing an insight into material previously scattered across the literature. After a self-contained account of the classical theory of equivariant principal bundles in modern topological groupoid language, the book develops, on the novel backdrop of cohesive higher topos theory, a powerful theory of equivariant principal higher bundles. It establishes new methods like the 'smooth Oka principle' and 'twisted Elmendorf theorem' to elegantly prove classification results and clarify the relation to proper equivariant generalized cohomology theories.
This book proposes that Sophoclean tragedy is a distinctive form of religious discourse concerned with exploring the relationship between humans and gods. Building on recent scholarship that has begun to reintegrate literature within the study of Greek religion after decades of neglect, Alexandre Johnston positions Sophocles' seven extant plays within a vibrant tradition of early Greek theology, literature and philosophy that cuts across modern disciplinary boundaries. Blending an overarching thematic approach with detailed analysis of key case studies, he argues that tragedies such as Antigone and Electra were at once poetic works and religious artefacts that engaged profoundly with contemporary intellectual culture. Through their narrative structure and performance, these tragedies allow spectators privileged insights into the workings of an obscure, unstable world dominated by inscrutable gods, offering distinctive, sometimes radical visions of the divine and its impact on the existence of mortals.