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Historical Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society in its historical dimension. This is the first textbook to introduce this vibrant field, based on examples and case studies taken from a variety of languages. Chapters begin with clear explanations of core concepts, which are then applied to historical contexts from different languages, such as English, French, Hindi and Mandarin. The volume uses several pedagogical methods, allowing readers to gain a deeper understanding of the theory and of examples. A list of key terms is provided, covering the main theoretical and methodological issues discussed. The book also includes a range of exercises and short further reading sections for students. It is ideal for students of sociolinguistics and historical linguistics, as well as providing a basic introduction to historical sociolinguistics for anyone with an interest in linguistics or social history.
In this book, Christoph Graber explains how the fundamental right of freedom of expression is gradually being enriched to cover its technological prerequisites. It challenges the predominant legal view that technology is merely an instrument, arguing that this overlooks the complex interplay between technological materiality and communicative sociality. It builds on a core argument of science and technology studies, that there is interpretative flexibility in both the design and social reception of a technology, which lays the groundwork for a critical stance towards smart technologies and the corporations that control them. This approach can then be transposed into the legal sphere via Luhmann's systems theory. This book shows how normative expectations about digital technologies are formed and develop into legal norms and fundamental rights. It argues that, in order to achieve the implementation of fundamental rights, it is important to recognise their dimension as objective value judgments of a constitution, which the state has a duty to protect.
Historically and conceptually, influential traditions of thought and practice associated with humanism and science have been deeply connected. This book explores some of the most pivotal relations of humanistic and scientific engagement with the world to inspire a reconsideration of them in the present. Collectively, its essays illuminate a fundamental but contested feature of a broadly humanist worldview: the hope that science may help to improve the human condition, as well as the myriad relationships of humanity to the natural and social worlds in which we live. Arguably, these relationships are now more profoundly interwoven with our sciences and technologies than ever before. Addressing scientific and other forms of inquiry, approaches to integrating humanism with science, and cases in which science has failed, succeeded, and could do more to promote our collective welfare, this book enjoins us to articulate a compelling, humanist conception of the sciences for our times. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Establishing economic property rights is a ubiquitous human activity that is key to the creation of wealth. Why the Rush? combines economic and historical analysis to argue that the institution of homesteading, as established in the US through the Homestead Act of 1862, was a method to establish meaningful, economic property rights on the American frontier. It explains how homesteading rushed millions of people into specific areas, established a meaningful sovereignty without the use of military force and became the means by which the US Thwarted military and legal challenges. Using fine-grained data, along with a detailed theoretical analysis and exhaustive institutional content, this book makes a serious contribution to the study of economic property rights and institutions providing the definitive analysis of the economics of homesteading and its role in American economic history.
Based on nearly a decade of collaboration by leading Indigenous and non-Indigenous legal experts and researchers, Indigenous Peoples Inspiring Sustainable Development amplifies the guidance and wisdom of Indigenous knowledge and law, as reflected in First Nations treaties with countries. It explores the potential of these covenants to guide sustainable development opportunities in the context of evolving international and domestic legal regimes. Through comparative legal research and contextualized examples across diverse communities' and countries' accords, the volume uncovers whether and how the principles, provisions and practices of Indigenous treaties can strengthen efforts to address pressing social, environmental, and economic challenges. Through cutting-edge insights and stories, the authors analyse how implementation of these treaties could foster, rather than frustrate, efforts to advance the global Sustainable Development Goals by upholding the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
Since 2013, Elon Musk has been at war with car dealers in the United States. Battles have played out in legislative backrooms, courtrooms, governors' offices, and news media outlets across the country. As of now, Musk has won the war. Telsa has established a foothold across the country, sold over 2 million cars without using a dealer, established a loyal customer base, and overcome most states' franchise dealer laws. Direct Hit tells the story of this fight, taking readers into courtrooms and legislative halls where the dealers tried in vain to derail Tesla's advances. The book shares key insights on the strategic choices made by dealers, legacy car companies, and electric-vehicle startups. With a combination of historical narrative, blow-by-blow accounts of the Tesla wars, and a consideration of America's longstanding romance with the personal automobile, Direct Hit shares a uniquely American drama over cars and the people who sell them.
In recent years, new forms of investment have been created to direct funds towards companies performing well according to predefined environmental, social, and governance (ESG) indicators. This volume addresses moral, political, and legal questions about the legitimacy of ESG as a management and investment strategy. Some chapters argue that ESG strategies should focus on creating real-life impacts on morally significant problems, such as climate change, human rights violations, and corporate corruption. Other chapters instead examine the possibility that the long-term feasibility of ESG limits its moral ambitions, requiring ESG to be regarded as only a set of devices for minimizing risk in a way that protects financial gain. The book contributes a much-needed understanding of ethical interpretations of the ESG movement, which are likely to drive future social, political and legal developments.
This book is a new and comprehensive history of modern Hebrew literature that revitalizes older histories while integrating contemporary theories on literature, culture, identity, and canon formation. The collection aims to deterritorialize this history by emphasizing the broad geographic spread of Hebrew literary activity, encompassing developments before and beyond the State of Israel. By expanding the scope of representation, this updated history provides a platform for a more diverse array of contributors and highlights previously understudied communities and works. This approach allows for a richer understanding of modern Hebrew literature, recognizing its global contexts and the varied voices that have shaped its evolution.
How can philanthropy catalyse systemic change in an era of global crisis? As the world grapples with escalating climate risks, widening inequality, and shifting global power dynamics, traditional approaches to development finance are becoming insufficient. This book explores how philanthropy, as risk capital, can de-risk investments, unlock private capital, and drive transformative, multi-sector partnerships to tackle the most pressing global challenges. Bringing together real-world case studies and expert insights, it highlights blended finance models, climate adaptation strategies, and innovative approaches to sustainable development. The authors reveal how emerging markets are leading in catalytic finance, how philanthropy can scale green investments, and why collaboration is the only path to meaningful impact. A must-read for philanthropists, investors, policymakers, and development leaders, Catalytic Capital offers practical frameworks to harness the power of finance for a more resilient, inclusive, and sustainable global economy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Globally, most workers live precarious lives. In this examination of China's industrial relations since 1949, Xiaojun Feng explores why this should be. China provides an important case to examine this question because it has gone through both socialist revolution and marketized reforms, the major economic and political dynamics that have shaped the world since the twentieth century. Developing a comprehensive analytical framework for the interpretation of archives, interviews and participant observation, Feng explores the causes of and potential remedies for labour precarity in China. Bridging the 1949 and 1978 divides, this study unveils continuities and more fundamental discontinuities across these watershed moments, and sheds fresh light on the extent to which popular policy can counter labour precarity and the future dynamics of labour movements.
What does 'Irish romanticism' mean and when did Ireland become romantic? How does Irish romanticism differ from the literary culture of late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Britain, and what qualities do they share? Claire Connolly proposes an understanding of romanticism as a temporally and aesthetically distinct period in Irish culture, during which literature flourished in new forms and styles, evidenced in the lives and writings of such authors as Thomas Dermody, Mary Tighe, Maria Edgeworth, Lady Morgan, Thomas Moore, Charles Maturin, John Banim, Gerald Griffin, William Carleton and James Clarence Mangan. Their books were written, sold, circulated and read in Ireland, Britain and America and as such were caught up in the shifting dramas of a changing print culture, itself shaped by asymmetries of language, power and population. Connolly meets that culture on its own terms and charts its history.
In our scientific era, there has been widespread talk about the demise of conventional notions about our agency. In this book, Jason Runyan examines our conventional thought and talk about our agency and the basis for thinking that it is inconsistent with scientific findings. Using clear language and concrete examples, he brings philosophy and science to bear on fundamental questions: What is true about us? Do we accomplish what we think we do in everyday life? And should our scientific discoveries upend the way we think about our agency? In the process, Runyan shows how analytic and empirical approaches should inform one another-how, together, they enable a more precise and expansive view, save us from the pitfalls of overreaching, and yield insights to live by.
This book traces the changing political and social roles of classical education in late antique Gaul. It argues that the collapse of Roman political power in Gaul changed the way education was practiced and perceived by Gallo-Romans. Neither the barbarian kingdoms nor the Church directly caused the decline of classical schools, but these new structures of power did not encourage or support a cultural and political climate in which classical education mattered; while Latin remained the language of the Church, and literacy and knowledge of law were valued by barbarian courts, training in classical grammar and rhetoric was no longer seen as a prerequisite for political power and cultural prestige. This study demonstrates that these fundamental shifts in what education meant to individuals and power brokers resulted in the eventual end of the classical schools of grammar and rhetoric that had once defined Roman aristocratic public and private life.
What causes cyclical downturns that wreak havoc on our lives? Most economists will say that they result from random external shocks and that, without these, the economy would sail along beautifully. In US Business Cycles 1954-2020, John Harvey argues that overwhelming evidence points to an internal dynamic, one related to the behavior of economic agents that generates what we call a business cycle. He draws on the work of past Post-Keynesian and Institutionalist scholars to create a current theory of business cycles, one that treats them as systemic and not the result of random chance. He addresses not only unemployment and bankruptcies that are the immediate consequence of the business cycle, but critical social challenges like climate change and elderly care. Examining an extensive history of US fluctuations, Harvey fills a long-standing void within the discipline by offering an alternative theory of income, employment, and price determination.
Geraldo Vidigal thoroughly examines the judicial powers of international courts and tribunals and how these powers are used in practice. Without access to state-backed enforcement measures, international adjudicators must rely on their authority to influence real-world outcomes. The book reviews, and offers a comprehensive theory for, the various social mechanisms that explain why and how international judicial pronouncements affect the behaviour of states, influencing the views of individuals within states as well as changing states' mutual expectations of cooperative and sanction-worthy behaviour. The book considers how judicial remedies can induce compliance by targeting specific areas of disagreement, interpreting obligations, declaring violations, and establishing how wrongdoer states must offset unlawful injury. An often untapped type of remedy relies on the ability of courts to determine permissible responses to breach: what measures other actors may take to respond to violations, compelling wrongdoers to comply with their obligations and provide redress for injury.
This handbook offers a comprehensive resource for exploring core elements of the psychology of religion. Utilizing a systematic template to describe the state of the field across thirty-two regions of the globe, it charts the subject's historical background and current research trends. The chapters also highlight common pitfalls and suggest collaborative topics for future research. By leveraging the Ingelhart-Welzel Cultural Values Framework, the text introduces key questions emerging from non-Western contexts, challenges culturally laden assumptions and promotes collaborative, international perspectives. Featuring contributions from researchers around the world on the psychology of religion within their respective geographical and cultural contexts, the work brings new voices into the conversation and offers fresh avenues of exploration for scholars and graduate students studying the psychology of religion, social psychology, religion, and theology.
This volume challenges conventional interpretations by demonstrating that Hans Kelsen was far from being a purely formalist thinker. Instead, it highlights his profound and enduring engagement with the threats facing constitutional democracies. The political and institutional upheavals of interwar Europe significantly influenced Kelsen's evolving vision of democracy, as this volume shows. His contributions to 20th-century democratic theory include groundbreaking insights into multiparty systems, mechanisms of moderation, minority protections, and judicial review. Furthermore, Kelsen's reflections on the crises and collapses of democracies during the 1930s remain strikingly relevant, offering valuable perspectives on contemporary challenges such as polarization and populism. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Why do invocations of 'the people' carry such force in current political discourse and public debate? This book offers an ambitiously transhistorical account of the ways that 'the people' has figured in British literature and culture. Ranging from the later mediaeval period to the present, the twenty-three chapters draw on substantial new research to show that the figure of the people has been put to reactionary and progressive ends and that its meanings are less obvious and fixed than contemporary commentators would have us believe. Providing a much-needed critical prehistory for our own current moment, the contributors also build on ideas and methods from other disciplines, such as political theory, sociology, and media history. As such, this important new volume will be of interest to a wide range of readers across periods and disciplines.