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This textbook offers a foundational overview of cognitive psychology, balancing accessible writing, practical applications, and research. By incorporating biological perspectives throughout, the authors provide a concise introduction to human cognition and its evolution over time as a means of adapting to our environment. Chapters cover key topics including cognitive neuroscience, attention and consciousness, perception, memory, knowledge representation, language, problem-solving and creativity, decision-making and reasoning, cognitive development, and intelligence. This seventh edition also introduces new content on human intelligence, consolidated into a final chapter. With its 'from lab to life' approach, the authors provide thorough coverage of theory, lab, and field research, while continually highlighting real-world applications to everyday life.
This tutorial guide introduces online nonstochastic control, an emerging paradigm in control of dynamical systems and differentiable reinforcement learning that applies techniques from online convex optimization and convex relaxations to obtain new methods with provable guarantees for classical settings in optimal and robust control. In optimal control, robust control, and other control methodologies that assume stochastic noise, the goal is to perform comparably to an offline optimal strategy. In online control, both cost functions and perturbations from the assumed dynamical model are chosen by an adversary. Thus, the optimal policy is not defined a priori and the goal is to attain low regret against the best policy in hindsight from a benchmark class of policies. The resulting methods are based on iterative mathematical optimization algorithms and are accompanied by finite-time regret and computational complexity guarantees. This book is ideal for graduate students and researchers interested in bridging classical control theory and modern machine learning.
The narrative art of Herodotus' Histories has always been greatly admired, but it has never received an in-depth and systematic analysis. This commentary lays bare the role of the narrator and his effective handling of time, focalization, and speech in all the famous and much-loved episodes, from Croesus, via the Ionian Revolt, to the climax of Xerxes' expedition against Greece. In paying close attention to the various ways in which Herodotus structures his story, it offers crucial help to get a grip on the at first sight bewildering structure of this long text. The detailed analysis of Herodotus' narration shows how his masterful adoption and expansion of the epic toolbox endowed the new genre of historiography with the same authority as its illustrious predecessor. The commentary is suitable for all readers of Herodotus' Greek text: students, teachers, and scholars.
The state of nature is a powerful idea at the heart of the fragmented and sometimes conflicting stories the modern West tells about itself. It also makes sense of foundational Western commitments to equality and accumulation, freedom and property, universality and the individual. By exploring the social and cultural imaginaries that emerge from the distinct and often contradictory accounts of the state of nature in the writing of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau, The State of Nature and the Shaping of Modernity offers a fresh perspective on some of the most pressing debates of our time, showing how the state of nature idea provides a powerful lens through which to focus the complex forces shaping today's political and cultural landscape. It also explores how ideas about human nature and origins drive today's debates about colonialism, secularism, and the environment, and how they can shed new light on some of society's most heated debates.
In this seminal study, Peter J. Katzenstein drags the analysis of world politics from the Newtonian humanism of the nineteenth century into a new post-Newtonianism of the twenty-first. The key concept is entanglement. By examining differences in context, process, and language, Katzenstein specifies how risk and uncertainty intertwine. Three deeply researched case studies – finance and political economy, nuclear crisis politics and war, and global warming and AI – support his original arguments. A chapter on power further illustrates the risk-uncertainty conundrum. Entanglements in World Politics calls for humility and eclectic pragmatism, emphasizing the unity of knowledge of the natural and humanistic sciences and the complementarities of science and religion. Katzenstein's engaging writing and innovative approach make this a must-read for anyone interested in the complexities of global politics. This book is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The intersections between arts, creativity and health are of significant importance in the humanities and social sciences. Arts and health research, for example, suggests that the arts offer participatory and transformational alternatives to traditional health communication. However, concepts and methods are predominantly informed by Global North research, and critical insights from arts traditions elsewhere remain to be fully integrated into common models. Ghana offers a unique case study for examining local and global dynamics in arts-based health communication, because of the country's rich art traditions as well as its place in global history and in the global imagination. Healing art forms like music and sculpture have evolved through intentional cross-cultural borrowings, as well as through changes imposed through slavery, colonialism and post-colonial political systems. Selling Healing tells a polyvocal story of how Ghanaian art forms intersect with health, illness and healing, inviting a re-imagining of health communication in global health.
Why do some international crises between major states escalate to war while others do not? To shed light on this question, this book reviews fifteen such crises during the period 1815–present, including the Crimean War, The Franco-Prussian War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the 2022 Russia-Ukraine War. Each chapter places the crisis at hand in its historical context, provides a narrative of the case's events that focuses on the decision-makers involved, theoretically analyses the case's outcome in light of current research, and inductively draws some lessons from the case for both scholars and policymakers. The book concludes by exploring common patterns and drawing some broader lessons that apply to the practice of diplomacy and international relations theory. Integrating qualitative information with the rich body of quantitative research on interstate war and peace, this unique volume is a major contribution to crisis diplomacy and war studies.
David Collier is among the most influential thinkers on conceptualization, foundational to social science inquiry. An eminent political scientist, he specializes in mixed methods and comparative politics. Working with Concepts brings together David Collier's most influential research on concepts and measurement, refined and reframed, to offer a systematic approach to concept analysis. It serves as a reference book for both students and seasoned scholars grappling with concepts. Collier's essays are accompanied by commentaries by twelve scholars who connect his contributions to ongoing debates in the field. The commentaries open up new lines of research and provoke ongoing scholarly reaction and innovation. Tightly organized with the aim of moving the field forward, this collection of essays explores some of the contours of the field and its milestones to show how careful work with concepts is a foundation of good methodology. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Drawing on over 150,000 pages of archival material and hundreds of manuscripts, this is the very first book-length study of theatre censorship in France – both in Paris and the provinces – between the end of the Ancien Régime and the Restoration. Clare Siviter explores the period through the lenses of both traditional bureaucratic notions of censorship and the novel concept of 'lateral censorship', which encompasses a far greater cast of participants, including authors, theatres, critics and audiences. Applying this dual methodology to three key topics – religion, mœurs, and government – she complicates political continuities and ruptures between regimes and questions how effectively theatre censorship worked in practice. By giving a voice back to individual French men and women not often recorded in print, Siviter shows how theatre censorship allowed contemporaries to shape the world around them and how they used theatre to promote or oppose the state, even at its most authoritarian.
In Black Voices in the Halls of Power, authors Jennifer R. Garcia, Christopher T. Stout, and Katherine Tate explore how US lawmakers use racial rhetoric to elevate the voice of Black communities, influence policy, and shape voter trust. Through a combination of data-driven research and accessible storytelling, the book uncovers the strategic ways politicians speak about race, revealing how rhetoric impacts policymaking and representation and offering fresh insights into race and power in American politics. The book explores how politicians craft messages to appeal to diverse audiences and use political communication to advance legislative priorities. It also examines how legislators' engagement in racial outreach affects voter attitudes. Given the increasingly important role of race on the national political stage in the US, the book provides a critical yet engaging examination of race, rhetoric, and representation in Congress.
A third of doctors around the world have experienced sexual harassment by a colleague. Often, harassment occurs while they are still in training, and it is more likely to be experienced by doctors who live with multiple marginalisations. However, sexual harassment remains a taboo subject within medicine. This book combines expert analysis and commentary from multiple interdisciplinary perspectives. It privileges the voices of survivors, whose rich experience helps to inform our understanding of a complex problem. With contributing authors in locations ranging from Austria to Zambia, the book spans multiple languages, sociocultural contexts, and academic disciplines and offers unique globally contextualised perspectives. It gives leaders, scholars and survivors a nuanced, holistic understanding of sexual harms between doctors, and it demonstrates how silence prevents effective evidence-based management of sexual harassment. This volume not only helps to break the silence, it also offers potential solutions in discrete cultural contexts. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Corporate malfeasance is omnipresent in conflict and repression situations around the world, but efforts for corporate accountability by transitional mechanisms have been dispersed, meagre and unsuccessful. This book analyses the legal rationale behind integrating corporate accountability within the unique context of transitional justice, tracing these issues across international and national legal regimes. It offers a systematic inquiry into the precise legal possibilities and operational limits of access to remedy for victims of corporate abuses in transitions, and the corresponding obligations of states as designers of transitional measures. Providing a systematic and consolidated legal account of the convergence of corporate accountability and transitional justice, the book sketches a new imaginary of transitional justice, rooted in transformative approaches. It will be a valuable resource for academics andjudicial and institutional actors, as well as victims and practitioners in the field of transitional justice and post-conflict reconstruction.
Why were sixteenth-century Europeans willing to risk their lives to attack 'mere matter' - images, lamps, altars, vestments? The most influential medieval liturgical commentary, William Durand's Rationale divinorum officiorum, offers an answer. Reading Durand to excavate the meaning of churches, altars, vestments, this book reveals the stunning scope of Reformation reconceptualization of worship, time, and matter. For Durand, liturgy was an ongoing praxis in which Scripture and Creation were in constant dialogue, leading to an ever-richer understanding of divine revelation. In attacking the made world - what human beings had fashioned from prime matter - Protestants sundered Creation from the liturgy and fundamentally changed how liturgy was understood, and what both Protestants and Catholics held the relationship between divine revelation and matter to be. Altars and vestments became 'objects' to which human beings gave meaning. As the sixteenth century redefined liturgy as a verbal practice, time, matter, and worship were realigned.
The use of tests and assessments in employment-related decision making has the potential to benefit organizations and individuals. However, their use is frequently criticized because of their adverse potential for bias and unfairness. Although issues pertaining to employment testing, bias, and unfairness are extensively researched and written about, previous work has predominately focused on perspectives from the United States. Therefore, the goal of this handbook is to provide a global examination of ideas and issues pertaining to bias and unfairness in employment testing. Specifically, this text details perspectives from twenty-three countries spanning six regions of the globe, on the definition, assessment, and reduction of bias and unfairness in employment testing. In doing so, this work fills a critical gap in the knowledge and information available to employment testing scholars and practitioners who conduct research and practice in an increasingly globalized world.
What is the problem that solidarity is invoked as a solution to? How are solidarity schemes narrated? Which particular interests are pursued in its name? In this book, leading authorities in law, philosophy and political sciences respond to the solidarity question, drawing on debates on international law, international aid, collective security, joint action, market organization and neoliberalism, international human rights across the North/South divide, African mobility, transnational labour in the digital age and populism. This volume captures the shifting nature of long held historical assumptions on solidarity. Its twelve chapters open up for differentiated understandings of solidarity in law and politics beyond discursive cliché or ideological appropriation, bringing crises of the past into conversation with the crises of today. This book is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Storytelling is a powerful tool for understanding. This casebook presents seventy dilemma-based narrative cases, providing language teachers with a thorough overview of key topics in language education. The cases cover a broad range of language teaching and learning concerns relevant to the development of pre- and in-service language teachers. They include narratives of language teachers, learners, teacher educators, researchers, administrators, and other professionals working in a variety of educational settings, such as schools, universities, private language institutions, and informal contexts, and in multilingual contexts around the world. Cases illustrate theoretical principles and concepts current in the field, in the form of moral or practical dilemmas that require resolving by readers. Case components include discussion questions, related research topics with suggested methods for carrying out research, and reading resources. A facilitator guide provides suggestions for conducting classroom and online discussions, creating case-based assignments for assessment, and mentoring teacher research.
Francisco Suárez (1548–1617), one of the most important early modern scholastic philosophers, had considerable influence not only on canonical early modern philosophers such as Descartes and Leibniz, but even more so on subsequent scholastic philosophers and theologians. His Metaphysical Disputations of 1597 was intended to provide the reader with a complete grounding in metaphysics and is one of the most detailed, comprehensive elaborations of an Aristotelian metaphysics ever published. This Critical Guide offers fourteen new essays on a wide range of topics in the Metaphysical Disputations, including Suárez's metaphysics of modality, his nominalism, and his accounts of the categories, prime matter, falsity, time, and causation. The volume will be valuable for scholars and students of early modern scholasticism, and also for those researching later thinkers whose work was influenced by Suárez.
In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, contemporary authors explored the myriad ways in which the concept of rights could be understood, but almost always arrived at the same conclusion: it was vital that rights should never be conflated with power. Through twenty-six expertly written essays, volume three of The Cambridge History of Rights focuses on the language of rights, exploring its use in contexts as diverse as the English family, trading relations and Asian powers. This was a period in which rights came to the forefront of political discourse, making it crucial to the longer history of rights reflected in this series. By foregrounding the idea of rights in action, the volume considers the relationship between the ways in which rights were articulated – by individuals, institutions and states – and how they were enacted in practice. In doing so, it uncovers the complexities inherent in the development of the language of rights during this formative period.