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Conflict and environmental challenges are on the rise globally. Conflict always impacts the environment, just as the environment always shapes conflict. It is tricky to understand where, how, and why they interact, and what the implications are. This book delivers a simple but robust framework to help address these complex issues. It integrates social and environmental science, policy, and management, offering an interdisciplinary approach and toolkit to assess these issues. The chapters include a range of historical and contemporary examples to contextualize and ground the framework, covering innovative ways in which people and institutions are working on these challenges in pursuit of a flourishing human society and environment. This book will be useful for researchers, students, and anyone interested in environmental policy, international relations, and conflict and peace studies. It is designed for everyone, from experts in the field to everyday citizens about to cast a vote.
The intermedial legacy of John Milton in nineteenth-century literature and visual culture features writers not only engaging with Milton's works but also responding to each other's rich and varied interpretations. Challenging linear models of literary tradition, Laura Fox Gill proposes a method of cross-disciplinary reading that stages triangular conversations across media. Through case studies pairing Milton with Mary Shelley and John Martin, Herman Melville and J. M. W. Turner, A. C. Swinburne and William Blake, and Thomas Hardy and Biblical illustrators, she uncovers a rich network of creative exchange. While Milton's legacy was often mediated through Romantic predecessors, his texts – especially Paradise Lost – remained vital touchstones for Victorian readers and viewers. Gill sheds new light on how Milton's works were reimagined in a multimedia culture, expanding our understanding of literary influence, reception, and the visual imagination of the nineteenth century.
The emergence of social complexity is at the heart of archaeological inquiry, but to date, there has been insufficient global comparative analysis of this phenomenon. This volume offers archaeologists and other social scientists reconstructions of past societies in all parts of the world, some of which challenge currently popular accounts. Using recently developed analytical approaches robust enough to yield compatible results from disparate datasets, the reconstructions presented here rest on fresh comparative analysis of archaeological data from 57 regions. They reveal the highly varied pathways to social complexity in ways that make it possible to see previously conflicting ideas as complementary. The analytical approaches and the full datasets are presented in detail in the book as well as an online data base. Offering new insights into the forces that have shaped human societies for millennia, this study provides a deeper understanding of the ways in which archaeology uses the material remains of past societies to reconstruct how they were organized.
Spanning elementary, algebraic, and analytic approaches, this book provides an introductory overview of essential themes in number theory. Designed for mathematics students, it progresses from undergraduate-accessible material requiring only basic abstract algebra to graduate-level topics demanding familiarity with algebra and complex analysis. The first part covers classical themes: congruences, quadratic reciprocity, partitions, cryptographic applications, and continued fractions with connections to quadratic Diophantine equations. The second part introduces key algebraic tools, including Noetherian and Dedekind rings, then develops the finiteness of class groups in number fields and the analytic class number formula. It also examines quadratic fields and binary quadratic forms, presenting reduction theory for both definite and indefinite cases. The final section focuses on analytic methods: L-series, primes in arithmetic progressions, and the Riemann zeta function. It addresses the Prime Number Theorem and explicit formulas of von Mangoldt and Riemann, equipping students with foundational knowledge across number theory's major branches.
This is the first interdisciplinary work on marriage migration from the former Soviet Union to Reform-era China, almost invariably involving a Slavic bride and a Chinese husband. To understand China better as a destination for marriage migration, Elena Barabantseva delves into the politics and lived experiences of desire, marriage and race, all within China's pursuit of national rejuvenation. She brings together diverse sources, including immigration policies, migration patterns, TV portrayals, life stories, and digital ethnography, to present an embodied analysis of intimate geopolitics. Barabantseva argues that this particularly gendered and racialised model of international marriage is revealing of China's relations within the global world order, in which white femininity embodies the perceived success of Chinese masculinity and nationhood. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Causality extends across many areas of psychiatry, from the purely conceptual and philosophical to the interpretation of genetic, epidemiological, and neurobiological work. This book offers new, interdisciplinary perspectives on causation in psychopathology, exploring it in relation to the latest scientific and philosophical advances, as well as through psychiatric research and practice. It features contributions from many internationally known psychologists, clinical researchers, and philosophers of science actively studying the phenomenology of mental illness. The chapters are organized into four sections: The Causes Themselves; Causes, Genes, and Neuroscience; Causality and Nosology; and Causality and Phenomenology. Each main chapter is preceded by a brief introduction written by the editors and a commentary by another author in this volume. By taking a multidisciplinary approach spanning psychiatry, philosophy, and psychology, the book is written to be accessible for members of all three disciplines.
In this thoroughly revised and updated second edition, the emphasis remains on providing a practical and up-to-date guide for the practicing pathologist when evaluating peripheral blood, bone marrow and lymph node specimens from pediatric patients. Over 400 high quality colour figures aid accuratecountries, the use of molecular diagnostics, and the role of flow cytometry in diagnosis and post-therapy monitoring of hematologic malignancies. The importance of unique diagnostic features of benign and malignant hematologic disorders in children is retained, with chapters authored by experienced pediatric hematopathologists and clinical scientists drawn from major children's hospitals across the US, Europe and Africa. The print book comes with access to the text and expandable figures online at Cambridge Core, which can be accessed via the code printed on the inside of the cover.
More than half a century ago Clifford Leech published a useful essay called 'On editing one's first play', intended to 'save newly commissioned editors from a sense of frustration and an expense of time' by providing 'some guiding-lines'. The intervening years have seen massive changes in attitudes towards editing and in the technical expertise required. Neither editor nor reader can any longer be assumed to be white, male and Christian, or trained in the classics and the Bible. Editing is now recognized as a crucial intersection between critical and textual theory. Yet the skills required are not usually taught in graduate schools, and many competent scholars are uncomfortable answering such questions as 'what do editors actually do when they edit an early modern play?' This Element focuses both on the practical steps of editing (e.g. choosing a base text, modernizing, emending, etc.) and the theoretical premises underlying editorial decisions.
Online education, smartphones, and generative AI have dramatically changed what and how we read. Amid this backdrop of changing media and habits, this book addresses the question: What do we know about the cognitive benefits of reading? And how might this change in a digital age? Presenting a synthesis of research spanning psychology, linguistics, neuroscience, and education, it offers a clear and accessible account of how reading transforms the human mind and brain. It demonstrates the profound cognitive enhancements on memory, attention, language processing, reasoning, and intellectual growth resulting from reading, beyond knowledge acquisition. This is an essential guide for students, educators, and researchers alike interested in the science of reading.
This Element examines aviation English as a global lingua franca through the lens of communities of practice. Pilots and air traffic controllers involved in international operations belong to multiple communities, including local professional, broader local aviation, and international aviation communities. Their ongoing learning within these communities and the repertoire they develop – which influences their interactions – are explored. Against this framework, the inadequacy of the current internationally applicable language proficiency requirements is critically evaluated, alongside an analysis of four notable aircraft accidents that motivated these standards. The focus then shifts to analysing live radiotelephony discourse in abnormal situations, incorporating insights from domain specialists. Findings show that language-related aspects alone are insufficient; when combined with limited domain knowledge, it can lead to unsafe and ineffective communication. The Element highlights accommodation – both for linguistic and domain-specific – as a crucial skill in this intercultural communication context and recommends greater standardisation for handling abnormal situations.
Gothic Dementia: Troubled Minds in Gothic Timelines introduces Gothic studies as a valuable lens through which to critically consider how we think about dementia. It argues that the Gothic's foundational narrative techniques can be useful tools to approach dementia symptoms that share similar traits and behaviours, such as chronological confusion, fragmentation, cyclical storytelling, repetition, unreliable narrators, unstable identities, uncanny behaviours and Otherness. If we can navigate these challenging narrative elements in literature, can we navigate similar challenging dementia signs using interpretive strategies? Gothic Dementia considers this question in two ways: (1) through Gothic literary elements that correlate to characteristics of dementia and (2) through contentious horror film depictions of characters with dementia and their caregivers. Reading gothic works and horror films within the context of dementia studies and vice versa can contribute valuable insights into a feared disease that threatens the core of who we imagine ourselves to be.
This volume offers in-depth coverage of varieties of English across the world, outside of the British and North American arenas. It is split into two parts, with Part 1 dedicated to varieties of English across Africa, and Part 2 looking at varieties in Asia, and Australia and the Pacific. There are introductory chapters dealing with the colonial transportation of English overseas, and the generic types of English which resulted, often labelled World Englishes, and examinations of English-lexifier pidgins and creoles. The remaining sections look at different geographic regions. Anglophone Africa divides into three blocks: west, east and south, each with different linguistic ecologies determined by history and demography. Asia, especially South Asia and South-East Asia, is similar in the kinds of English it now shows, with the significance of East Asia for varieties of English increasing in recent years. Varieties of English in Australia and the Pacific are also examined.
Eighteenth- and nineteenth-century mass-print-generated, along with the railways, telegraph, information-relays national and global, and the gradual development of specialized and sometimes incommunicable forms of technological, scientific, economic, and medical knowledge, a sea of discourse belying Jurgen Habermas's vision of a cogent 'public sphere.' The author's interest is in a special problem that poetry and poetics can help us understand. In short – because, when they appear in verse, claims about reality have been characterized, or have self-characterized, as unreal, Romantic and post-Romantic poetry has repeatedly returned to, and tried to make perceptible, other ways in which, in other precincts, utterance becomes, in his word, virtualized. Sometimes, by the psychological turbulences of the citizen-as-creature, appropriating world-events to the need to self-assert; sometimes, as a result of affective matrices that put the lie to the idea that we are the authors of our own opinions.
This Element approaches large game hunting through a social and symbolic lens. In most societies, the hunting and consumption of certain iconic species carries deep symbolism and is surrounded by ritualized practices. However, the form of these rituals and symbols varies substantially. The Element explores some recurring themes associated with hunting and eating game, such as gender, prestige, and generosity, and trace how these play out in the context of egalitarian versus hierarchical societies, foragers versus farmers, and in different parts of the world. Once people start herding domestic livestock, hunting takes on a new significance as an engagement with what is now defined as the Wild. Foragers do not make this distinction, but their interactions with prey animals are also heavily symbolic. As societies become more stratified, hunting large animals may be partly or entirely reserved for the elite, and hunting practices are elaborated to display and build power.
Today's environmental decimation and climate crises have arisen from our drive for individual material prosperity. We even appreciate nature primarily for its fulfilment of our interests, whether economic productivity, aesthetic pleasure, or personal well-being. And yet, we still ask how we have reached this dire ecological condition and what it is that has kept us from acting effectively to maintain a thriving and diverse biosphere. This collection of essays by major scholars from around the world analyzes how the industrial, imperialist Victorian era gave rise to today's unwillingness to move beyond our acquisitive drive. But it also explores the Victorians' initiation of the modern environmentalist movement, formulation of the first legislation defending rights of nonhuman animals, and invention of literary forms for contesting environmental degradation. In this most unlikely of eras, the volume uncovers both valuable insights into the limitations of our own environmentalism and innovative suggestions for overcoming them.
The presence of Shiʿite communities in Western Europe dates to the late nineteenth century, with Britain as the primary destination for immigration, as well as notable communities developing in Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands and Scandinavia. Exploring selected encounters of Twelver Shiʿite Muslims with the European West, this study examines local and transnational religious organization to assess socio-political integration. Its central thesis defines European Shiʿism through peripheral engagement and religious retention. Building on a range of language sources, interviews with Shiʿite spokesmen and fieldwork in Iran, Britain, the Netherlands, and Germany, Matthijs van den Bos identifies European Shiʿism with a religious mode of engagement involving hierarchization of collective self and other identities. Shiʿite parties with greater distance to high politico-religious authorities abroad are seen more likely to engage in cultural exchange with their European milieu. On one side stand ethnically varied Shiʿite organizations with limited engagement of others in Europe. The other shows civic outreach, ritual transformation, and integrationist theology.
What is language, really? Where did it come from, and how did we figure it out? How do babies go from babbling to full sentences? Why can some people juggle multiple languages, while others wrestle with one? How does language work, and what happens when it doesn't? With sharp insight and a sense of humor, Stollznow dives into the strange and endlessly fascinating world of language and the mind. From animal communication to AI, wild children to word slips, and first words to last, this book takes you deep into the science of psycholinguistics, where nothing is ever simple, and everything speaks volumes. Packed with pop culture, real-life cases, and eye-opening experiments, Beyond Words reveals how we learn, use, and lose language, and what it all says about being human. If you've ever fumbled for a word or feared forgetting your own name, this thoughtful, surprising book is for you.
This Element argues that movement, overseen by a movement director, is vital for theatre-making. It can support actors with characterisation and playing others responsibly and ethically, for scripted and non-scripted tasks: from dances to fights, from parades to murders, or other human behaviour. Movement directing is an increasingly common role as it helps forge an ensemble and build 'worlds' on stage, and plays a crucial part in shaping how actors work with and in space. The Element's autoethnographic approach draws on the author's movement direction for ten productions in the UK, most with director Katie Mitchell, based on his research into and experience with Gardzienice Theatre Association, Poland, from 1989. The Element offers a perspective that is missing in accounts of Mitchell's oeuvre and much British movement scholarship by examining the influence of the Grotowskian lineage on British theatre and by discussing voice work and text delivery, something often overlooked.