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The ancient world existed before the modern conceptual and linguistic apparatus of rights, and any attempts to understand its place in history must be undertaken with care. This volume covers not only Greco-Roman antiquity, but ranges from the ancient Near East to early Confucian China; Deuteronomic Judaism to Ptolemaic Egypt; and rabbinic Judaism to Sasanian law. It describes ancient normative conceptions of personhood and practices of law in a way that respects their historical and linguistic particularity, appreciating the distinctiveness of the cultures under study whilst clarifying their salience for comparative study. Through thirteen expertly researched essays, volume one of The Cambridge History of Rights is a comprehensive and authoritative reference for the history of rights in the global ancient world and highlights societies that the field has long neglected.
What causes a Western democratic leader to stop even feigning to value the law of war? Unlike past US presidents, who at least paid lip service to the law of armed conflict, Donald Trump has openly flouted it: pardoning war criminals; denigrating the Geneva Conventions; praising torture; and discarding military norms of restraint. This gripping account depicts how Trump has upended assumptions about America's outward commitment to the law of war, exposing the conditions that make such defiance possible. Drawing on in-depth case studies and original survey analysis, Thomas Gift explains how Trump has relied on right-wing media and allies in Congress to attack the law of war – not in the shadows, but in broad daylight. Killing Machines cautions that Trump's approach is not an aberration – it's a playbook other leaders could follow. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Humanity's impact on the planet is undeniable. Fairly and effectively addressing environmental problems begins with understanding their causes and impacts. Is overpopulation the main driver of environmental degradation? Poverty? Capitalism? Poor governance? Imperialism? Patriarchy? Clearly these are not technical questions, but political ones. Updated to cover new debates, data, and policy, and expanded to include chapters on colonialism, race and gender, and the impacts of energy and resource extraction, this book introduces students to diverse perspectives and helps them develop an informed understanding of why environmental problems occur. How the international community should act is deeply contested. Guiding students through the potential responses, including multilateral diplomacy, transnational voluntary action, innovative financial mechanisms, problem displacement, consumer-focused campaigns, and resistance, this book explains the different forms of political action, their limitations and injustices. Online resources include lecture slides, a test bank for instructors and updated weblinks to videos and suggested readings for students.
Challenge outdated views of evolution and embrace a clearer understanding of life's incredible diversity with this enlightening exploration of evolutionary trees. Far from being a linear ladder of progress, evolution is a vast, branching tree where all species-humans included-are evolutionary cousins, not ancestors or descendants. Every organism alive today shares the same 3.5 billion years of evolutionary history, uniquely adapted to its own environment. This book takes readers on a journey through the tree of life, beginning with humanity's closest relatives and expanding outward to the most distantly related organisms. By unravelling the misconceptions perpetuated by news articles and traditional depictions of evolution, it offers a fresh perspective on life's interconnectedness. With engaging insights and vivid illustrations, this book fosters a deeper appreciation for the remarkable complexity and diversity of life on Earth, making it an essential read for anyone curious about our evolutionary story.
Religion and slavery have been connected since the beginning of human history, but their tangled relationship has rarely been dissected and truly understood. This groundbreaking book illuminates how religion has intersected with the institution of slavery, both as a force for its perpetuation and as a catalyst for its abolition. Spanning antiquity to the present day, this book offers a comprehensive overview of how Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and other faiths have variously justified, moderated, restricted, or opposed slavery. Experts Kevin Bales and Michael Rota integrate historical, philosophical, theological, and social scientific perspectives to offer fresh interdisciplinary insights into this crucial social justice issue. Engaging contemporary challenges, it covers ISIS's religious justifications for enslavement and the role of the caste system in modern bondage. Finally, it highlights faith-based antislavery activism today and asks how religious communities can amplify their efforts to combat the enduring scourge of slavery worldwide.
Since the pandemic, many have been reflecting on their path, direction, and identity, all tied to a deeper question: What is one's purpose in life? Research reveals that understanding this purpose can significantly impact well-being, health, and personal development. This volume offers fresh insights by bringing together scholars from various fields to explore purpose from different angles. Each contributor delves into what purpose means and why individuals with a clear sense of it often enjoy better health, financial stability, and cognitive well-being. While this book won't define your life's purpose, it offers rich material to guide your personal journey.
Linguistic illusions are cases where we systematically misunderstand, misinterpret, or fail to notice anomalies in the linguistic input, despite our competencies. Revealing fresh insights into how the mind represents and processes language, this book provides a comprehensive overview of research on this phenomenon, with a focus on agreement attraction, the most widely studied linguistic illusion. Integrating experimental, computational, and formal methods, it shows how the systematic study of linguistic illusions offers new insights into the cognitive architecture of language and language processing mechanisms. It synthesizes past findings and proposals, offers new experimental and computational data, and identifies directions for future research, helping readers navigate the rapidly growing body of research and conflicting findings. With clear explanations and cross-disciplinary appeal, it is an invaluable guide for both seasoned researchers, and newcomers seeking to deepen their understanding of language processing, making it a vital resource for advancing the field.
The adoption of the EU Takeover Directive in 2004 was marked by significant challenges, with negotiations spanning over a decade. This book provides comprehensive analysis, practical insights, and forward-looking policy recommendations. It discusses contentious issues such as the mandatory bid rule, acting in concert, and take-over defences. It also looks at developments such as sustainability in takeovers, multiple voting rights, or new ways to structure ownership changes. It offers a clear and engaging understanding of the TOD's historical evolution, its transposition, the current institutional design of takeover authorities, conflict of law issues, and the enforcement of takeover law across the EU. And it looks at its practical impact as well as its future developments. With contributions from leading experts, international comparisons, and case studies, it is an authoritative guide to the takeover law in Europe and beyond.
Seismic anisotropy is ubiquitous at both the microscopic and macroscopic scales. The goal of this multidisciplinary book is to introduce students and more advanced scientists to seismic anisotropy at different scales, from the microscopic (0.1 nanometer) scale to the Earth (1000 kilometre) scale, and to improve the reader's understanding of all active Earth processes. Drawing on both mineral physics and seismology, it presents the different geological, mineralogical, and geodynamical applications of seismic anisotropy, and argues that an understanding of seismic anisotropy is necessary to interpret all seismic, geophysical, petrological, and geological data This volume is an invaluable for graduate students and research scientists in seismology/geophysics, and will be of considerable interest to geophysicists working in petroleum exploration/production and to mineral physicists and researchers in geodynamics and fluid flow in rocks. With an overview of the main recent advances in research, it also provides the perfect starting point for further research.
This book offers new ideas for aligning the American healthcare system to optimize health for everyone. Bridging real-world examples and innovative strategies, it leverages a patient-centric framework to explore healthcare lifecycles and identify primary groups in its ecosystem. Chapters explore critical topics from a comparative global perspective, including the role of government in driving access, the private sector's contribution to quality, and the value of integrating social determinants in policy to achieve health equity. By advocating for public-private collaboration, this work presents actionable solutions to challenges facing the country's modern healthcare system such as resource allocation and long wait times. Designed for healthcare professionals, policymakers, and advocates, it highlights the need for bipartisan approaches, cutting-edge patient care models, and the integration of empathy and culture in healthcare delivery. Addressing affordability, equity, and inclusivity, this book equips readers with a roadmap for reimagining healthcare systems that truly serve everyone.
The Nazi-Soviet War was the largest and most brutal theatre of the Second World War, fought between two of the most ruthless states ever to exist. Bringing together twenty-four of the most accomplished authors in both German and Soviet history, this Cambridge Companion provides the most authoritative, and yet highly accessible, guide to the conflict. Each chapter examines a key aspect of the war from war planning, the opposing forces and the campaigns to criminality and occupation, alliances, the home fronts and postwar legacies and myth-making. The authors demonstrate that the Nazi-Soviet war was both a conventional clash of arms in which millions of soldiers fought in titanic battles, but also a non-conventional war in which soldiers and security forces murdered countless non-combatants. It was a war of resources, industry, mobilisation, administration, and popular support, with implications that still drive European security debates today.
The modern international tax system is a complex framework of national laws, bilateral treaties, and multilateral agreements aimed at coordinating state tax entitlements. Historically, taxation was based on political allegiance, but globalization and increased mobility introduces new challenges. As more people and businesses operate across borders, it becomes harder to determine which states have the right to tax them. Fragmentation of individuals' economic and political lives has complicated states' abilities to balance liberty, justice, and collective decision-making. Taxing People addresses taxes on individuals, which are crucial for providing public goods, promoting justice, and legitimizing state power. Exploring the future of individual taxation, the book focuses on global tax governance, social changes like remote work, and the evolving relationship between people and states in a globalized economy. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available open access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
Communication is central to the experience of illness and the provision of healthcare. This book showcases the insights that can be gained into health communication by means of corpus linguistics – the computer-aided linguistic analysis of large datasets of naturally occurring language use known as 'corpora'. The book takes readers through the stages that they must go through to carry out corpus linguistic research on health communication, from formulating research questions to disseminating findings to interested stakeholders. It helps readers anticipate and deal with different kinds of challenges they may encounter, and shows the variety of applications of the methods discussed, from interactions in Accident and Emergency departments, to online discussions of mental illness, and press representations of obesity. Providing the reader with a wide range of clear case studies, it makes the relevant methods and findings accessible, engaging and inspiring. This title is also available open access on Cambridge Core.
How can admissions officers, employers, and scholarship committees maximize the accuracy of prediction of individual performance while minimizing adverse impact due to group differences? Testing offers a straightforward solution to the first half of this problem. Tests are the best way to predict how someone will perform in school, in the military, in medicine, or while controlling airline traffic and flying a plane. Tests are also useful beyond personnel selection, such as for selection of a college major or courses. However, the other side of this problem is more complex. Using tests is always accompanied by group differences that could result in continued systemic discrimination by limiting opportunities for those who are marginalized. This book charts an approach to using tests that incorporates evidence, transparency, and societal values to maximize efficiency and fairness.
Navigating the world of academic writing and publishing can be overwhelming. This book provides the antidote. Written by a team of authors who are at different stages of their careers, this book provides hands-on advice and strategies to turn academic writing from a daunting experience to a joyful journey. It gives a complete overview of the publishing process, from how to write an academic paper, chapter or book, to areas that are often overlooked, such as indexing a book, working with images and copyright, dealing with advertising and disseminating the book, ethical issues, open access, predatory publishing, and much more. The chapters are short and clearly labelled, with questions for reflection and discussion at the end of chapters, making them a handy reference for readers to dip in and out of. Demystifying aspects of academic writing, academic writers will come away with the confidence and knowledge to 'publish and thrive.'
Delivering a much-needed in-depth, interdisciplinary exploration of mediation practices in China, this study removes the common misconception that mediation is merely a mechanical application of norms. It provides a comprehensive understanding of China's mediation practices by blending cultural, social, and legal analyses with detailed case descriptions from fieldwork. Readers will gain insights into the interactive dynamics between legal norms and the social environment in grassroots China. This book helps readers understand mediation and Chinese law within their broader cultural, social, and political contexts, offering insights beyond the purely legal dimension. The book is an invaluable resource for scholars, students, and practitioners in the fields of Chinese law, dispute resolution, and socio-legal studies. It offers a unique perspective that contextualizes mediation within the socio-political landscape, providing readers with a richer, more nuanced understanding of Chinese legal culture.
Widening the perspective offered by the traditional canon, this history reveals the poetry of Italy between 1200 and 1600 as a site of plurality of genre, form and even language, including not just written texts but also those presented in performance. Within this inclusive framing, poetry's content, its cultural and geographical contexts and its material media of transmission are given equal weight. Decentring major figures and their texts while recognising their broad influence, the innovative theoretical and methodological framework complements the variety and liveliness of poetic activity on the Italian peninsula over four centuries, from the first manuscript experiments in verse through to sophisticated print productions and elaborate performance media. Offering original, multidisciplinary insights into current debates and discoveries, this history enlarges the scope of what we understand Italian premodern poetry to be.